Acoustics and Sound Waves: Principles, Calculations, and Applications
Study on principles, calculations, and applications of acoustics and sound waves.
Claire Mitchell
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Acoustics and Sound Waves: Principles, Calculations, and Applications1. Standing waves have regions of minimum amplitude callednodesand regions ofmaximum amplitudecalledantinodes.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Thedecibelscale is a logarithmic scale used for comparing sound levels.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. An open organ pipe (both ends open), 16 feet long, is operating in air at 20Β°C. Thefundamentalfrequency f1 = __________ Hz and the second harmonic frequencyf2 = __________ Hz (1 ft = 0.3048m).in a pipe open at both ends, the natural frequencies of oscillation form a harmonicseries that includesall integral multiples of the fundamental frequency:ππ=ππ£πΏπ=1,2,3,β¦Therefore:π1=π£πΏ=343(16β0.3948)=ππ.ππ―ππ2=2Γπ£πΏ=2Γ343(16β0.3948)=ππππ―π-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Suppose the air is replaced by helium at 20Β°C (v= 1005 m/s). For an open pipe (both endsopen), 16-ftin length, the new fundamental frequencyf1 = __________ Hz.π1=π£πΏ=1005(16β0.3948)=ππππ―π-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. In order to produce a fundamental frequency of 10 Hz in a stopped organ pipe (one end closed),therequired lengthL= __________ m.π1=π£πΏ==>πΏ=π£π1=34310=ππ.ππ
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