Lesson 1-1: Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory
TRUE/FALSE
1. A laboratory that performs chemical and microscopic tests on blood, other body fluids, and tissues is
called a clinical laboratory.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. In 2005 more than 189,000 clinical laboratories were listed with Department of Health and Human
Service (DHHS) as providing services to humans in the United States.
ANS: T PTS: 1
3. Clinical laboratories are found only in university teaching hospitals.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Epidemiology is an important function of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. A phlebotomist is a health care worker trained in blood collection.
ANS: T PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An international, nonprofit organization that establishes standards of best current practice for clinical
laboratories is:
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
b. Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA)
c. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
d. the Joint Commission
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. The branch of biology dealing with microbes is called:
a. virology c. microbiology
b. mycology d. epidemiology
ANS: C PTS: 1
3. The governmental agency that oversees public health care matters in the United States is:
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
b. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
c. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
d. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
ANS: B PTS: 1

4. The division of Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) responsible for protecting public
health by ensuring the safety and efficacy of foods, drugs, biological products, medical devices, and
cosmetics is:
a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
b. the Joint Commission
c. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
d. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. The agency within Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) responsible for implementing
CLIA ’88 is:
a. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
b. Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA)
c. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
ANS: C PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The study of human blood groups is called ____________________.
ANS:
immunohematology
blood banking
PTS: 1
2. The central laboratory for the national public health system is the ____________________.
ANS:
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
PTS: 1
3. A health care worker trained in blood collection is a(n) ____________________.
ANS: phlebotomist
PTS: 1
4. The liquid portion of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended is called
____________________.
ANS: plasma
PTS: 1
5. The liquid obtained from blood that has been allowed to clot is called ____________________.
ANS: serum

PTS: 1
6. A physician specially trained in the nature and cause of disease is a(n) ____________________.
ANS: pathologist
PTS: 1
7. Mycology is the study of ____________________.
ANS: fungi
PTS: 1
8. Performing testing near the patient rather than in the traditional laboratory setting is called
____________________ testing.
ANS:
point-of-care
point of care
POC
near-patient
alternate site
PTS: 1
9. The person who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a laboratory and works directly under
the authority of the laboratory director is the ____________________.
ANS:
technical supervisor
chief technologist
laboratory manager
PTS: 1
10. Programs in which laboratories are sent blind samples that are analyzed, reported, and compared to the
results from other laboratories are called ____________________ programs.
ANS:
proficiency testing
PT
PTS: 1
11. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 protects ____________________.
ANS:
personal health information
patient privacy
patient health information
PTS: 1

12. The voluntary process by which an independent agency grants recognition to entities that meet or
exceed established standards of quality is ____________________.
ANS: accreditation
PTS: 1
MATCHING
Choose the best match for each item. Use an answer only once.
a. CLIA ’88
b. the Joint Commission
c. accreditation
d. COLA
e. pathologist
f. accessioning
g. CLSI (formerly NCCLS)
h. CDC
i. epidemiology
j. CMS
1. central laboratory for the national public health system
2. voluntary process to obtain recognition for institutions meeting certain standards
3. agency within DHHS responsible for implementing CLIA ’88
4. federal act that specifies minimum performance standards for clinical labs
5. process by which specimens are logged in and assigned an ID code
6. agency that offers accreditation to physician office laboratories
7. study of factors that determine disease frequency
8. independent agency that accredits hospitals and large health care facilities
9. international, nonprofit organization that establishes standards of best current practice for laboratories
10. physician specially trained in the nature and cause of disease
1. ANS: H PTS: 1
2. ANS: C PTS: 1
3. ANS: J PTS: 1
4. ANS: A PTS: 1
5. ANS: F PTS: 1
6. ANS: D PTS: 1
7. ANS: I PTS: 1
8. ANS: B PTS: 1
9. ANS: G PTS: 1
10. ANS: E PTS: 1

Lesson 1-2: The Clinical Laboratory Professional
TRUE/FALSE
1. Laboratory testing has become increasingly sophisticated.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. The term clinical laboratory science largely replaced medical technology for several years.
ANS: T PTS: 1
3. The field of medical technology began 50 years ago.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Early laboratories were staffed mostly by doctors.
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. Clinical laboratory personnel work as “medical detectives.”
ANS: T PTS: 1
6. As long as health care workers are competent, their manner of dress at work does not matter.
ANS: F PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The professional society and credentialing agency for medical assistants is the:
a. American Medical Technologists (AMT)
b. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS)
c. American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA)
d. American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. One agency that accredits educational programs for clinical laboratory personnel is the:
a. North Central Association (NCA)
b. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS)
c. National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)
d. American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
ANS: C PTS: 1
3. One professional society and credentialing agency for phlebotomists is the:
a. American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians (ASPT)
b. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS)
c. American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
d. North Central Association
ANS: A PTS: 1

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4. All of the following are current trends in health care EXCEPT:
a. emphasis on wellness c. geriatric medicine
b. longer hospital stays d. home health care
ANS: B PTS: 1
5. Medical assistants have been trained in:
a. administrative skills c. laboratory skills
b. nursing skills d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The Privacy Rule that describes the patient’s rights to privacy developed from
____________________.
ANS:
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
PTS: 1
2. The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses is ____________________.
ANS:
clinical laboratory science
medical technology
PTS: 1
3. A 1996 act of Congress that includes a guarantee of protection of privacy of an individual’s health
information is ____________________.
ANS:
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
PTS: 1
4. The ASPT is a professional and credentialing agency for ____________________.
ANS: phlebotomists
PTS: 1
5. The AAMA is a professional society and credentialing agency for ____________________.
ANS: medical assistants
PTS: 1

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6. Risk of patient information being improperly accessed has increased due to the use of
____________________ for storing patient records.
ANS:
computers
electronic medical records
EMRs
PTS: 1
7. Educational programs for laboratory personnel consist of an academic component and a
____________________ component.
ANS:
clinical
practical
PTS: 1
8. Personnel qualifications for clinical laboratory workers are defined by ____________________ and
are based on the job functions of the position.
ANS:
CLIA ’88
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988
PTS: 1
9. To become a certified laboratory professional, one must complete an approved course of study and
successfully complete a national ____________________.
ANS:
examination
exam
test
PTS: 1
MATCHING
Choose the best match for each item. Use an example only once.
a. medical technology
b. new trends in the health care fields
c. micro- and nano-technology
d. laboratory instruments
e. AAMA
f. clinical laboratory science
g. CAAHEP, accrediting agency for educational programs for clinical laboratory personnel
h. ethics
i. clinical laboratory personnel
j. MLT or CLT
1. commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs

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2. accrediting agency and professional society for medical assistants
3. 2 years of specific training and successful completion of the national certifying exam
4. the profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses
5. medical detectives
6. system of conduct or behavior
7. the field of medical laboratory technology
8. micro- and nano-technology components
9. geriatric medicine and home health care
10. technology that allows rapid testing and portable testing
1. ANS: G PTS: 1
2. ANS: E PTS: 1
3. ANS: J PTS: 1
4. ANS: A PTS: 1
5. ANS: I PTS: 1
6. ANS: H PTS: 1
7. ANS: F PTS: 1
8. ANS: D PTS: 1
9. ANS: B PTS: 1
10. ANS: C PTS: 1

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Lesson 1-3: Medical Terminology
TRUE/FALSE
1. An abbreviation is the shortening of a word, often by removing letters from the end of the word.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. A prefix is a modifying word or syllable(s) placed at the end of a word.
ANS: F PTS: 1
3. A suffix is a modifying word or syllable(s) placed at the beginning of a word.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. The stem is the main part of a word.
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. Terms used in any specialized field make up the terminology of the field.
ANS: T PTS: 1
6. Ab is the abbreviation for absorbance.
ANS: F PTS: 1
7. Hct is the abbreviation for hepatitis C.
ANS: F PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The abbreviation for microgram is:
a. μL c. μg
b. mL d. mg
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. The abbreviation for prostate-specific antigen is:
a. PPE c. PRC
b. PSA d. PMN
ANS: B PTS: 1
3. UTI is the abbreviation for:
a. urinalysis c. upper respiratory infection
b. universal precautions d. urinary tract infection
ANS: D PTS: 1
4. The abbreviation for millimole is:

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a. mm c. mmol
b. μm d. mEq
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. Which of the following is true of the prefix mal in the term malpractice?
a. It is a suffix. c. It refers to “bad.”
b. It refers to “middle.” d. It is the stem word.
ANS: C PTS: 1
6. The prefix peri- is defined as:
a. around c. beside
b. many d. through
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. The prefix that means under is:
a. retro- c. supra-
b. sub- d. syn-
ANS: B PTS: 1
8. The stem that means skin is:
a. cyto- c. caud-
b. cut- d. cyan-
ANS: B PTS: 1
9. The meaning of the suffix -itis is:
a. state or condition c. small
b. process d. inflammation
ANS: D PTS: 1
10. The meaning of the suffix -opathy is:
a. state or condition c. cut into
b. disease d. create an opening
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. The suffix meaning tumor is:
a. -oma c. -osis
b. -oid d. -(o)logy
ANS: A PTS: 1
12. The abbreviation for oral glucose tolerance test is:
a. OGGT c. OGTT
b. OGC d. OGTO
ANS: C PTS: 1
13. Coronary care unit is abbreviated as:
a. CGL c. CC
b. CUU d. CCU

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ANS: D PTS: 1
14. Fever of unknown origin is abbreviated by using the letters:
a. FO c. FUO
b. FBS d. FU
ANS: C PTS: 1
15. The abbreviation FBS is commonly used for:
a. fever of unknown origin c. fibrinogen degradation products
b. fasting blood sugar d. first blood sugar
ANS: B PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The combination of the first letters, syllables, or group of words to form a new group of letters that can
be pronounced as a word is called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: acronym
PTS: 1
2. Diff is the abbreviation for ____________________.
ANS:
differential
differential count
white blood cell differential count
PTS: 1
3. Staph is the abbreviation for ____________________.
ANS: staphylococcus
PTS: 1
4. The stem word morph means ____________________.
ANS:
shape
form
PTS: 1
5. The stem word card refers to the __________________.
ANS: heart
PTS: 1
6. The suffix -ostomy means to ____________________.

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Lesson 1-4: Biological Safety
TRUE/FALSE
1. In 1991 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued the Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard with the primary purpose of reducing or eliminating occupational exposure to HIV, HCV,
and HBV.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. An aerosol is a liquid in the form of a very fine mist.
ANS: T PTS: 1
3. A special cabinet that provides protection while working with infectious microorganisms is called a
fume hood.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by contact with infected blood or other body fluids.
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. A disinfectant is used to kill or inactivate microbes on the skin.
ANS: F PTS: 1
6. Universal Precautions are more comprehensive than Standard Precautions.
ANS: F PTS: 1
7. Under Standard Precautions, protective barriers must be used to protect eyes and mucous membranes.
ANS: T PTS: 1
8. Hands should be washed before donning gloves and after removal of gloves.
ANS: T PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The digestive tube from the mouth to the anus is called the ____________________.
ANS: alimentary tract
PTS: 1
2. A special work cabinet that provides protection while working with infectious materials is a(n)
____________________.
ANS:
biological safety cabinet

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safety cabinet
PTS: 1
3. A very fine mist that forms when a liquid is spilled or poured is called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: aerosol
PTS: 1
4. A chemical used on living tissue to inhibit the growth of microbes is called a(n)
____________________.
ANS: antiseptic
PTS: 1
5. A risk or hazard to health or the environment from biological agents is a(n) ____________________.
ANS:
biohazard
biological hazard
PTS: 1
6. A situation, such as a needlestick, in which an individual is exposed to possible infection through
contact with body substances from another individual is a(n) ____________________ incident.
ANS: exposure
PTS: 1
7. The use of available technology and equipment to protect workers from hazards is
____________________.
ANS:
engineering
engineering controls
PTS: 1
8. The abbreviation used for other potentially infectious materials is ____________________.
ANS: OPIM
PTS: 1
9. The responsibility for identifying employees at risk of exposure to blood or OPIM lies with the
____________________.
ANS: employer
PTS: 1

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MATCHING
Select the best match for each item. Use an answer only once.
a. isolation f. sterilization
b. pathogenic g. Transmission Based Precautions
c. human immunodeficiency virus h. CLIA ’88
d. Universal Precautions i. Standard Precautions
e. nosocomial j. HCV
1. virus that causes hepatitis C
2. capable of causing damage or injury to the host
3. hospital-acquired infection
4. retrovirus that has been identified as the cause of AIDS
5. method of preventing the spread of disease by separating a person with a contagious or infectious
disease from the healthy population
6. set of comprehensive safety guidelines designed to protect patients and health care workers
7. killing or inactivation of living organisms and viruses
8. specific safety practices used in addition to Standard Precautions
9. 1988 act of U.S. Congress
10. limited to only blood and body fluids visibly contaminated with blood
1. ANS: J PTS: 1
2. ANS: B PTS: 1
3. ANS: E PTS: 1
4. ANS: C PTS: 1
5. ANS: A PTS: 1
6. ANS: I PTS: 1
7. ANS: F PTS: 1
8. ANS: G PTS: 1
9. ANS: H PTS: 1
10. ANS: D PTS: 1

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