Biochemistry, 5th Edition Test Bank

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.TEST ITEM FILEScott LeflerArizona State UniversityBiochemistryFourth EditionChristopher K. MathewsOregon State UniversityK. E. van HoldeOregon State UniversityDean R. ApplingThe University of Texas at AustinSpencer J. Anthony-CahillWestern Washington University

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry1Multiple Choice Questions1)The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistrysince it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?A)DNAB)ureaC)glucoseD)glycineE)adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Answer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:The Roots of Biochemistry2)Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by“ferments” which today are called _______.A)proteinsB)nucleic acidsC)enzymesD)polysaccharidesE)membranesAnswer: CDifficulty: 1Topic:The Roots of Biochemistry3)Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?A)catalystsB)geneticC)structuralD)bufferE)none of the aboveAnswer: CDifficulty: 1Topic:The Roots of Biochemistry

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry24)Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cellsA)chloroplastB)Golgi apparatusC)mitochondrionD)smooth endoplasmic reticulumE)rough endoplasmic reticulumAnswer: ADifficulty: 1Topic:The Roots of Biochemistry5)Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaningthat it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?A)HB)NC)PD)CE)OAnswer: CDifficulty: 1Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science6)Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?A)celluloseB)ribonucleic acidC)polypeptideD)deoxyribonucleic acidE)none of the aboveAnswer: ADifficulty: 1Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry37)Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?A)polypeptidesB)ribonucleic acidsC)deoxyribonucleic acidsD)starchE)all of the aboveAnswer: DDifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science8)Which of the following is a role played by proteins?A)structuralB)transportC)information signalingD)catalystsE)all of the aboveAnswer: EDifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science9)Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to apolymeric form?A)amino acidsB)carbohydratesC)lipidsD)nucleotidesE)none of the aboveAnswer: CDifficulty: 1Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry410)What functional groups are found in the following molecule?A)amine, carboxylic acid and ketoneB)amine, carboxylic acid and amideC)amine, aldehyde and amideD)amine, aldehyde and ketoneE)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science11)What functional groups are found in the following molecule?A)carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcoholB)carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcoholC)carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcoholD)carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcoholE)carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcoholAnswer: EDifficulty: 3Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry512)Of Koshland’s “pillars of life,” which deals specifically with the structure and function ofDNA?A)programB)compartmentationC)energyD)regenerationE)adaptabilityAnswer: ADifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Biological Science13)Which of the following best describes homeostasis?A)a non-equilibrium, non-steady stateB)a non-equilibrium steady stateC)an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady stateD)an equilibrium-controlled steady stateE)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Biological Science14)Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is trueregarding life on this planet?A)life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks oflife from non-organic moleculesB)the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobicC)the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailablefor living organismsD)all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentifulE)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Biological Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry615)While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, themolecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?A)DNAB)proteinsC)ribosomal RNAD)transfer RNAE)lipids of cell membranesAnswer: CDifficulty: 1Topic:Biochemistry as a Biological Science16)The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ .A)DNAB)DNA or RNAC)specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequenceD)specialized carbohydrates with defined sequenceE)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:Biochemistry as a Biological Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry7Short Answer Questions1)The molecule pyruvic acid is found at the crossroads of several biochemical pathways.Pyruvic acid is also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid. Based upon this name, draw themolecule.Answer:Difficulty: 2Topic:Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment1Multiple Choice Questions1) Which of the following represents the breaking of a noncovalent interaction?A)hydrolysis of an esterB)dissolving of salt crystalsC)ionization of waterD)decomposition of hydrogen peroxideE)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions2) Which of the following is the most likely noncovalent interaction observed between acarboxylic acid and an alcohol?A)charge-charge interactionB)charge-dipole interactionC)dipole-dipole interactionD)dipole-induced dipole interactionE)formation of an ester bondAnswer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions3) Which of the following atoms could interact through a hydrogen bond?A)the oxygen of a ketone and the hydrogen of an aldehydeB)the oxygen of methanol and a hydrogen on the methyl carbon of methanolC)the hydrogen of an amine and the oxygen of an alcoholD)the hydrogen on an aromatic ring and the oxygen of carbon dioxideE)none of the aboveAnswer: CDifficulty: 2Topic:The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment24) Which of the following would likely form micelles in an aqueous solution?A)hexaneB)glucoseC)glutamic acidD)dodecanoic acidE)none of the aboveAnswer: DDifficulty: 2Topic:The Role of Water in Biological Processes5) Which of the following best explains the hydrogen bonding that occurs in water?A)the average number of H-bonds formed by one water molecule is the same in liquid andsolid water, the only difference is the duration of the H-bondB)the number of H-bonds formed by one water molecule is greater in liquid water than insolid waterC)the structure of liquid water is best described as flickering clusters of H-bonds due to therelative short duration of individual H-bondsD)each water molecule is capable of forming 8 H-bonds: 2 from each lone pair of electronsand 2 from each hydrogenE)none of the aboveAnswer: CDifficulty: 2Topic:The Role of Water in Biological Processes6) Given the structure of a glucose molecule, which of the following explains the hydrogenbonding between glucose and water?A)H-bonds will form with glucose always being the H-bond donorB)H-bonds will form with water always being the H-bond donorC)each glucose molecule could H-bond with as many as 17 water moleculesD)due to the cyclic structure of glucose, H-bonding with water does not occurE)none of the aboveAnswer: CDifficulty: 2Topic:The Role of Water in Biological Processes

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment37) Which of the following acids or bases is least likely to be encountered in a biochemicalsetting?A)nitric acidB)acetic acidC)ammoniaD)citric acidE)phosphoric acidAnswer: ADifficulty: 1Topic:Ionic Equilibria8) What pH range is generally considered to be the physiological pH range?A)1.5-3.0B)4.5-7.0C)5.5-9.0D)6.5-8.0E)7.5-10.0Answer: DDifficulty: 1Topic:Ionic Equilibria9) Since pKa=-logKa, which of the following is a correct statement?A)acetic acid (pKa= 4.7) is stronger than lactic acid, (pKa= 3.9)B)lactic acid, (pKa= 3.9) is weaker than all forms of phosphoric acid, (pKa= 2.1, 6.9 and12.4)C)since the pKafor conversion of the ammonium ion to ammonia is 9.25, ammonia is aweaker base then the acetate ionD)for carbonic acid with pKavalues of 6.3 and 10.3, the bicarbonate ion is a stronger basethan the carbonate ionE)none of the aboveAnswer: EDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment410) If gastric juice has a pH of about 1.5, which of the following would be predominantlydeprotonated in the stomach?A)phenol (pKa= 9.9)B)acetic acid (pKa= 4.7)C)lactic acid, (pKa= 3.9)D)phosphoric acid (pKa= 2.1)E)hydrochloric acid (pKa=-6)Answer: EDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria11) Given the pKavalues for phosphoric acid of 2.14, 6.86 and 12.4, what is the ratio of HPO42-/H2PO4-in a typical muscle cell where the pH is 7.2?A)0.46B)2.2C)6.310-6D)1.1105E)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria12) You have been asked to determine the pKaof an unknown acid. In a solution at pH 7.0, youfind that 24% of the acid is in its deprotonated form. What is the pKaof the acid?A)7.9B)7.5C)6.5D)5.6E)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment513) Citric acid is a triprotic acid with three carboxylic acid groups having pKavalues of 3.1, 4.8,and 6.4. If a solution of citric acid has a pH of 5.5, what can be said about the predominantprotonation state of the citric acid?A)1 carboxylic acid group is deprotonated, 2 are protonatedB)2 carboxylic acid groups are deprotonated, 1 is protonatedC)all 3 carboxylic acid groups are deprotonatedD)all 3 carboxylic acid groups are protonatedE)the protonation state cannot be determinedAnswer: BDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria14)Which of the followingisthe conjugate acid of hydrogen phosphate, HPO42-?A)H2PO3-B)H2PO4-C)H3PO4D)H2PO42-E)none of the aboveAnswer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:Ionic Equilibria15)Formic acid is the active agent in an ant bite. What is the ratio of base/acid for formic acid(pKa3.9) in the blood stream at pH 7.4?A)3.1610-4B)3.16103C)3.5D)0.54E)1.90Answer: BDifficulty: 1Topic:Ionic Equilibria

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment616)If a buffer is made with the pH below thepKaof the weak acid, the ratio of [base]/[acid] willbe:A)less than 1B)greater than 1C)equal to 1D)equal to 0E)cannot be determinedAnswer: ADifficulty: 1Topic:Ionic Equilibria17) A typical amino acid has a carboxylic acid and an amine with pKavalues of 2.3 and 9.6,respectively. In a solution of pH 4.5, which of the following best describes the protonationand charge state of the amino acid?A)carboxylic acid: protonated and neutral; amine: deprotonated and negativeB)carboxylic acid: protonated and neutral; amine: protonated and neutralC)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine: protonated and neutralD)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine: protonated and positiveE)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative;amine: deprotonated and neutralAnswer: DDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria18) Glutamic acid contains two carboxylic acid groups (pKavalues of 2.2 and 4.2) and an aminegroup (pKa9.7). What is the pI for glutamic acid?A)3.2B)6.0C)6.5D)7.0E)none of the aboveAnswer: ADifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria

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Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill,Biochemistry 4theditionChapter 2:The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment719)Lysine contains two amine groups (pKavalues of 9.0 and 10.0) and a carboxylic acid group(pKa2.2). In a solution of pH 9.5, which of the following would best describe the protonationand charge state of lysine?A)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and neutral; both amines: protonated and positiveB)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; both amines: deprotonated and neutralC)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine (pKa9.0): deprotonated and neutral;amine (pKa10.0): protonated and positiveD)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative;amine (pKa9.0): protonated and positive;amine (pKa10.0): deprotonated and neutralE)carboxylic acid: deprotonated and neutral;amine (pKa9.0): deprotonated and neutral;amine (pKa10.0): protonated and positiveAnswer: CDifficulty: 3Topic:Ionic Equilibria20) In the following titration curve, what does the inflection point represent?A)pH of solution equals pKaof weak acidB)concentration of weak acid and conjugate base are equalC)the pH where the solution would function most effectively as a bufferD)the weak acid is 50% protonated, 50% deprotonatedE)all of the aboveAnswer: EDifficulty: 2Topic:Ionic Equilibria21) What happens to DNA when placed into an aqueous solution at physiological pH?

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