Class Notes for Families and Their Social Worlds, 3rd Edition

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INSTRUCTOR’S MANUALFAMILIES AND THEIRSOCIAL WORLDSTHIRDEDITIONKarenSeccombePortland StateUniversity

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Table of ContentsI:Introduction#Chapter 1:Families and the Sociological Imagination#Chapter 2:Families Throughout the World: Marriage, Family, and Kinship#Chapter 3:Families Throughout History#Chapter 4:Sex,Gender, and Families#Chapter 5:Social Stratification, Social Class, and Families#Chapter 6:Race, Ethnicity, and Families#Chapter 7:Courtship, Intimacy, and Partnering#Chapter 8:Marriage: A Personal Relationship and SocialInstitution#Chapter 9:Becoming a Parent#Chapter 10:Raising Children#Chapter 11:Families and the Work They Do#Chapter 12:Aging Families#Chapter 13:Violence and Abuse#

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Chapter 1: Families and the SociologicalImaginationChapter ContextThis chapter introduces a sociological imagination to the study of families and intimaterelationships. Rather than seeing families as simply personal and privaterelationships thatoperate in a random fashion, we recognize that many seemingly personal family issues arerelated to broader social concerns.Outcome-based OutlineOutcomeLearning ObjectivesInteractivityCritical Thinking1.4Summarize differingopinions on how familieshave changedx.x [interactive] (if app)1.6Summarize five themesthat explore the social side offamiliesKnowledge of Subject Matter(or Discipline)1.1Discuss families and thediversity of families, and theinterpersonal relationshipscontained within them1.3Analyze the relationshipof society to shapingindividual experiences andchoices1.5Compare the differencesin family policies between theUnited States and othernationsCulturalCompetence1.2Specify differentdefinitions of familyPowerPoint PresentationDownload the PowerPoint Presentation for this chapter here.Discussion Question BankThis discussion question bank provides a listing of discussion questions (1-2 per module)which are included for in-class use.ModuleDiscussion Question(s)1.1 Chapter Preview: Families and theSociological Imagination1.Considering your family of origin and theperceptions of the ideal familyperpetuated from the 1950s to the 1990s,

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how did your family compare? Howaccurately do you thinkthemediaportrays family life?2.Within your circle of friends and family,how diverse are familieswhen comparedto yours? Are yousurprised by how muchor how little diversity there is within yourcircle?1.2 What Are Families?1.What is your definition of family? If yourdefinitionhaschangedovertime,whyand how has it changed?2.Think about whoyouconsider family thatyouarenotrelatedtobybloodormarriage.Why do you think fictive kin areincluded in thetextbook’s definition, butnot theCensus Bureau definition?1.3 The Sociological Imagination1.Doyouthinkmixed-methodswouldbesuitableforresearchonfamilies?Whatcombination of methods would you use?2.Basedonyourlifeexperience,whichtheory best explains family structure andfamily dynamics?1.4 Families and Social Change1.How are your decisions/ideas aboutfamily life different from your parents andgrandparents?How do you see thesedifferences impacting families?2.Considering the conservative, liberal, andfeminist views, which view do you take onfamilies? Why do you take this view?1.5The State and Family Policy1.If the United States had universalprograms such as Belgium, Denmark,France, and Canada, would families dobetter or would they do worse? Whydoyou think that?2.Do you think welfare reform has beensuccessful?What factors are youconsidering most important in coming toyour conclusion?1.6 Themes of Families and Their SocialWorlds1.How do you envision a“normal family”? Ifthere issuchathing asa normal family,what does that imply about families thatdo not fit the description?2.Which of the five themesare you mostlooking forward to learning more about?What most interests you about it?3.Can you suggest a specific comparativeapproach for studying family sociology inAmerica?

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Research AssignmentsThe following research assignments pertain to the main topics and/or themes of the chapter.Please respond by writing a paper consisting of 1000–1500 words.[Research Assignment Title]Using2–3scholarly sources,discussrelevantfactors from two of the themes discussedinthe chapterand how those factorsimpactfamilies and social change orimpactthegovernment and family policy.Experiential LearningTake a walking tour of the neighborhoods surrounding your campusor communityto view a“snapshot” of American families today.Before you go, use an online mapping program (likeGoogle) to plan a route and measure the distance from your classroom orcampus entrance.Use your observational skills as you explore thesocial and family environment.Note thedifferent types of housing and commercial buildings. Where are the sidewalks andcrosswalks? Where are the main streets and highways? Where do you see people ofdifferent ages? What might this place be like for different types of families?Search the most recent U.S. Census data on cities and towns where you or family or friendshave lived. What isthe population of those areas?What is the median family income? Whatis the median price of a home? What is the unemployment rate? How far do peoplecommute to work? Make a phone call to someone you know in one of these areas. Test theirknowledge about the history of their city or town. Ask them about the characteristics offamilies and households in their area.

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Chapter2:Families Throughout the World:Marriage, Family, and KinshipChapter ContextThis chapter reveals both the similarities and differences in marriage, family, and kinshippatterns throughout the world. As a social institution, familiesreflect the environment,historical period, and culture in which they are found.Outcome-based OutlineOutcomeLearning ObjectivesInteractivityCritical Thinking2.4Evaluate howmodernization andindustrialization affectedfamiliesx.x [interactive] (if app)Knowledge of Subject Matter(or Discipline)2.1Analyze the similaritiesand differences in thefunctions and structure offamily relationships2.5Explain how families areinfluenced by the political andeconomic world system2.6Compare the differencesamong families in India,Japan, and SwedenCultural Competence2.2Describe the mostcommon features andfunctions of the family2.3Explain the differences inmarriages and familypatterns as found in differentculturesPowerPoint PresentationDownload the PowerPoint Presentation for this chapter here.Discussion Question BankThis discussion question bank provides a listing of discussion questions (1-2 per module)which are included for in-class use.ModuleDiscussion Question(s)2.1 Chapter Preview: Families Throughout theWorld: Marriage, Family, and Kinship1.How do youbelieve yourfamily culture hasinfluenced where/howyou currently live? Whatadvantages might be

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found in an extendedfamily situation?2.In your culture do youthink married couplestend to have a closerrelationship with thebride’s family or thegroom’s? Whyand how isthis important?2.2 Functions of the Family: Variations andUniversals1.Considering your ownfamily, which functionoffamiliesseems to be themost dominant?2.Reflecting on thefunctions of the familywhich seems to be leastimportant in Americansociety?2.3 Differences in Marriage and FamilyPatterns1.How has endogamy andexogamy impactedmarriage choicesand/ormarital lifein yourextended family?2.Reflecting on thecustoms and practices ofmarriage around theworld, which, if any,doyou plan on practicing?What are the advantagesof some that you haven’tchosen to practice?2.4 Modernization Theory: Social Change andFamilies1.Considering theconnection betweenmodernization and theprogressive loss ofgemeinschaft, would youconsider industrializationand modernization apositive factor ornegative factor for thestrength of families?Why2.Reflecting on thechanges to the conjugalnuclear family resultingfrom industrialization andmodernization,think ofanexample from yourfamily, friends, orcommunitywhere jobshave taken familymembers away fromextended kin. What

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impact did the situationhave on the family?2.5 World Systems Theory: Social Change andFamilies1.Reflecting on families youknow, choose a situationthat demonstrates worldsystems theory.Howdoes the situationdemonstrate the theory?2.Which theory betterexplains changes infamilies, world systemsor modernization? Whydo you believe thatitexplains change better?2.6 Families Around the World: India,Japan,and Sweden1.Assuming you couldchoosetoparticipate inthe marriage and familypatterns of India, Japan,orSweden which onewould you choose?Why?2.Which theory bestexplains family changesin India, Japan, andSweden? Why?Research AssignmentsThe following research assignments pertain to the main topics and/or themes of the chapter.Please respond by writing a paper consisting of 1000–1500 words.[Research Assignment Title]Choose one developed and one developing country. Using 2–3 scholarly resources,researchhow historical events and culture have changed marriage and family patterns includingfamily functions.Summarizethe event and the resultingchange,and compare and contrasthow modernizationtheoryand world systems theory would explain these changes.Demonstrate your ability to apply these theories.Experiential LearningConduct an informal interview with two people you know who grew up in different livingsituations.For example, find a friend or acquaintance whose biological or adopted parentshave been married for 20+ years, one who lived (most of the time) with one parent, anunmarried couple, or grandparents.Ask them for their perspective on the functions offamily.Listen for their responses to your open-ended questions. Do not prompt them withthe “variations and universals” as described in your text.Jot down notes, and latercompare their lists to the one devised by the theory of structural functionalism.Whatfurther research could you do to examine the modern functions of family in your community?

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Note:Always check with your professor about your college or university’s institutionalpolicy on data collectionfor classroom purposes, and adhere to guidelines for the protectionof human subjects in social research.

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Chapter3:Families Throughout HistoryChapter ContextA look at history can provide us with critical insights about families today. Addressingwhether recent family changes are good or bad can best be answered by taking anextended view of howfamilies both promote and adapt to various changes in the largersociety.Outcome-based OutlineOutcomeLearning ObjectivesInteractivity3.5Assess the effects ofindustrialization,immigration, andurbanization on U.S. familiesx.x [interactive] (if app)Knowledge of Subject Matter(or Discipline)3.1Identify how familieshave changed throughouthistoryCultural Competence3.3 Describe family life inpreindustrial societies3.4 Analyze the differences inpreindustrial family lifeamongNative Americans,AfricanAmericans, andEuropean colonistsInformation Literacy3.2Explain how family lifecan be researched from ahistorical perspective3.6Describe how twentieth-century events shaped themodern family3.7Recognize thatcurrentfamily issues have historicalprecedentsPowerPoint PresentationDownload the PowerPoint Presentation for this chapter here.Discussion Question BankThis discussion question bank provides a listing of discussion questions (1-2 per module)which are included for in-class use.ModuleDiscussion Question(s)3.1 Chapter Preview: Families ThroughoutHistory1.How is your family differentthan the family your parents

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or grandparents grew up in?What impact do you thinkthose differenceshad orhaveoneachfamily?2.Choose at least 2 waysyourfamilyissimilar to the familyyour parents andgrandparents grew up inanddiscuss the similarities.Whymightthosecharacteristicshave continued throughgenerations?3.2 Why Study Family History1.Of thefamily functions listed inTable 3.1which do you think haschangedthemostsinceyourgrandparent’schildhood?Whatevidencedoyouhaveofthatchange?2.Whyisitimportanttohaveresearcherslookingatspecificareas of family life?3.3 Families in Preindustrial Societies1.Whywouldsubsistenceeconomieshavelittlesocial division?2.Inpreindustrialsocietieswhywasthereadivisionbetweenmen’sandwomen’s work?Who wouldhavemorepowerinthatsociety–men or women–and why?3.4 Family Life in Preindustrial UnitedStates1. What are the similarities anddifferences in marriagesof NativeAmericans, AfricanAmericans,and European colonists inpreindustrial United States?2. How would you expect theintroduction of diseases fromwhite settlers to impact theNative American families?3.5 American Families in the NineteenthCentury1. How did industrializationchange the structure of families?2.Which era would you choose tolivein,the preindustrial or earlyindustrial?Why?3.6 Families in the Twentieth Century: TheRise of the "Modern" Family1.If you are a woman, discusswhy you would or would notsupport women earning the rightto voteas if you are a man livingin that era. If you are a mandiscuss why you would or wouldnot support women earning the

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right to vote as if you were awoman living in that era.2. Howmight war change themakeup of the family and familyroles?3.7 Recent Family Issues and TheirHistorical Roots1. How do economic difficultiespotentiallychange the roles offamily members? How might thisimpact families?2. If you lost your job, howdoyou think it would impact yourfamily?What resources andsupport do you have? Whatservices are available to helpfamilies?Research AssignmentsThe following research assignments pertain to the main topics and/or themes of the chapter.Please respond by writing a paper consisting of 1000–1500 words.ComparingErasChoose two eras discussedand one function of the family discussedinthe chapter.Research this function in both eras, and compare and contrast the importance of thefunction in each era. Evaluate how the function influenced family roles specifically genderroles and the role of children.Experiential LearningAsk a close family member or friend if you can explore their collection of photos, holidaycards, letters, special clothing, or other memorabilia. Clean out a closet or an attic with anelderly relative.Voluntarily assist an elderly member of your community with cleaning out agarage or basement (with a classmate or friend if you prefer).Alternatively, sign up withan assisted living facility or a senior housing program to spend an hour or two with aresident.Ask them about their early experiences.What jobs (or chores) did they do whenthey were children?What were their responsibilities at home?What is the significance oftheir keepsakes and mementos to them?What do they see as today’s economic challengesfor families in their neighborhood or community?

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Chapter4:Sex, Gender, and FamiliesChapter ContextAll social institutions, whether political, religious, economic, educational, or familial,distinguish between men and women in fundamental ways that extend far beyond biologicalsexdifferences. However, gender is largely a social construction, and a comparativeapproach shows us that expected masculine and feminine behaviors differ historically andcross-culturally.Outcome-based OutlineOutcomeLearning ObjectivesInteractivityCritical Thinking4.3Conclude where and howwe learn gendered behaviorx.x [interactive] (if app)4.6Conclude whetherpatriarchy exists in Westernnations4.7Evaluate the implicationsof gender within familyrelationshipsKnowledge ofSubject Matter(or Discipline)4.1Discuss sex and genderand their influence onfamilies and intimaterelationships4.2Differentiate between sexand gender4.4Identify the drawbacks oftraditional gender identity4.5aExplain howpatriarchyinfluences women's lives4.5bHypothesize on theorigins of patriarchy4.8Identify organizationsthat focus on strengtheningfamily resilience throughsocial policyPowerPoint PresentationDownload the PowerPoint Presentation for this chapter here.Discussion Question BankThis discussion question bank provides a listing of discussion questions (1-2 per module)which are included for in-class use.ModuleDiscussion Question(s)

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4.1 Chapter Preview: Sex, Gender,and Families1.Do you think Americans would be moreor less likely to admit their preferencesfor a certain gender child whencompared to other cultures?How come?2.Reflecting on the research by Dahl andMoretti (2003), what antidotal evidencedo you have to support or challenge theirresults?4.2 Sex and Gender: What's theDifference?1.Reflecton the behavior of men andwomen at your family get-togethers:what differences are there? Are thesedifferences biological orenvironmental/social?2.When you first see someone, whatcharacteristics do you look for whentrying to determine gender? What does itmean to be a man or woman to you?4.3 Where Do We Learn Gender?1.As a child,what messagesdid adultsgive you about how to behave properlyfor your gender?2.As a teen and young adult, what impactdidthemediahaveonyourgenderdevelopment and behavior?4.4The Pitfalls of Masculinity1.Reflecting on toys, interests, andactivities, what types of restrictions haveyou seen put on boys in your life?2.How much, if any, have gender rolesloosened up since your parents werechildren?4.5 Institutional Sex Discrimination:Patriarchy1.Why do women continue to support andparticipate in the practice of femalegenital mutilation? What would you do ifyou were in their situation?2.Considering the practice of femalegenital mutilation, what societal changeswould be necessary to end the practice?4.6 Does Patriarchy Exist in WesternNations?1.How many of your female friends andrelatives changedtheir name when theymarried? Imagine that you are decidingwhether or notto change your name tobe the same as your spouse. Whatfactors would you consider?2.What examples of institutional sexdiscrimination in the United States haveimpacted your life or thelifeof someoneyou love?4.7 Implications for Families1.Which of the incomeinequality statisticssurprised you? What do you think is thebiggest factor influencing the incomedifferences?

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2.What evidence of unequal wagesformenand women have you seen in theworkplace?What reasoningdidtheemployer use to explain the difference?4.8 Social Policy and FamilyResilience in Sex, Gender, andFamilies1.Considering the evidence that familyplanning improves the lives of women,what factors are behind the power ofthose that opposefamily planning? Howmight these forces be countered?2.How has family planning changed therole of women in your family from yourgrandparents’time tothe present?Research AssignmentsThe following research assignments pertain to the main topics and/or themes of the chapter.Please respond by writing a paper consisting of 1000–1500 words.Gender and the MediaChoose either television commercials or children’s picture books and view aminimum offiveand a maximum ofseven. Review each for messages about gender roles, acceptable genderbehavior, and display of emotions.Write a report consisting of an introduction paragraph, aminimum of one paragraph for each book or commercial viewed, and a concludingparagraph. Describe the gender messagescontained and providespecific details about thebook or commercial to back up your statements. Use 2–3 scholarly sources for backgroundinformationregardinggender and the media.Experiential LearningLook at the community calendar in your campus newspaper or on a bulletin board in yourlocal coffee shop. What types of programs, lectures,and services are geared towards thespecific concerns of men, women,andLGBT groups? You may see a wide range of programsthat appeal to different age groups, from family planning to employment assistance, healthscreenings, and even exercise classes. Attend one event or program that interests you.Take the role of unobtrusive observer or participant. What did you learn from attending? Ifyou find nothing, consider designingan event or programof your own.

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Chapter5:Social Stratification, Social Class,and FamiliesChapter ContextThis chapter introduces the importance of social class to understanding families and closerelationships. Subsequent chapters examine specific aspects of thisrelationship more fully.One’s social class position influences family lifestyle, goals, opportunities, values, choices,and constraints.Outcome-based OutlineOutcomeLearning ObjectivesInteractivityCritical Thinking5.4Summarize howAmericans interpret themeaning of social classx.x [interactive] (if app)Cultural Competence5.1 Discuss how social classand social stratification canshape family and intimaterelationships5.2 Determine how socialclass affects familyrelationships5.3Explain how socialstratification affects anation's population5.5Discuss how families inpoverty differ fromstereotypes of poverty5.6Determine how povertyand inequality can bereduced through social policyPowerPointPresentationDownload the PowerPoint Presentation for this chapter here.Discussion Question BankThis discussion question bank provides a listing of discussion questions (1–2 per module)which are included for in-class use.ModuleDiscussion Question(s)5.1 Chapter Preview: SocialStratification, Social Class, andFamilies1.How have your ascribed statusesinfluenced your opportunities,privileges, and constraints?2.Reflecting on Ehrenreich’s

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