Clinical Psychology: Science, Practice, and Culture: DSM-5 Update Third Edition Test Bank

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Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
Test Bank – Chapter 1
Clinical Psychology: Definition and Training
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The term clinical psychology was first used in print in the year _____.
A) 1780
B) 1894
C) 1907
D) 1952
Ans: C
2. The first person to use the term clinical psychology in print was _____.
A) Lightner Witmer
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) Richard McFall
Ans: A
3. Demonstrating that there are many paths to the profession of clinical psychology, more than half of APA-
accredited doctoral programs offer _____.
A) focus groups
B) specialty training
C) part-time study
D) online internships
Ans: B
4. The Boulder model of training is also known as the _____ model of training.
A) practitioner-scholar
B) clinical scientist
C) clinical psychologist
D) scientist-practitioner
Ans: D
5. The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by
A) a joint emphasis on practice and research.
B) an emphasis on research over practice.
C) an emphasis on practice over research.
D) a combined emphasis on practice, research, and psychopharmacology.
Ans: A

Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
6. Currently, there are more clinical psychology graduate programs subscribing to the _____ model of training
than any other model.
A) counselor educator
B) practitioner-scholar
C) scientist-practitioner
D) clinical scientist
Ans: C
7. Clinical psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training
A) typically award the PhD, rather than the PsyD, degree.
B) emphasize practice over research.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: B
8. Which of the following is true?
A) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training.
B) The scientist-practitioner model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the
same time.
C) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged after the clinical scientist model of training.
D) The clinical scientist model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same
time.
Ans: A
9. Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs typically
A) accept a larger percentage of applicants.
B) offer significantly less funding to enrolled students in the form of graduate assistantships, fellowships, and
tuition remission.
C) produce graduates who score lower on the national licensing exam (EPPP).
D) all of the above
Ans: D
10. Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs
A) typically place greater emphasis on research-related aspects of training.
B) are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities.
C) both of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: B
11. Richard McFall is most closely associated with the development of the _____ model of training.
A) scientist-practitioner
B) clinical scientist
C) therapist-educator
D) practitioner-scholar

Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
Ans: B
12. A growing emphasis in clinical psychology graduate training is _____, or skills that a student must be able
to demonstrate in areas such as assessment, research, and diversity.
A) benchmarks
B) specialty tracks
C) competencies
D) training realms
Ans: C
13. Which of the following are important factors in admissions decisions for graduate programs in clinical
psychology?
A) GRE scores
B) letters of recommendation
C) research experience
D) all of the above
Ans: D
14. The _____ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting, and takes
place before the doctoral degree is awarded.
A) postdoctoral internship
B) predoctoral internship
C) first year of graduate school in a PsyD program
D) first year of graduate school in a PhD program
Ans: B
15. _____ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently.
A) Successful completion of the predoctoral internship
B) Successful completion of the postdoctoral internship
C) Successful completion of all graduate courses in an APA-approved graduate program
D) Licensure
Ans: D
16. The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is _____.
A) private practice
B) medical schools
C) psychiatric hospitals
D) university psychology departments
Ans: A
17. The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is _____.
A) diagnosis/assessment
B) research/writing
C) psychotherapy

Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
D) teaching
Ans: C
18. Compared to clinical psychologists, professional counselors
A) earn a master’s degree rather than a doctoral degree.
B) place a higher emphasis on psychological testing and conducting research.
C) often specialize in areas such as career, addiction, or college counseling.
D) both A and C
Ans: D
19. Compared to counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists tend to
A) work with clients whose degree of psychopathology is greater.
B) work in settings such as inpatient psychiatric units.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: C
20. Psychiatrists
A) tend to emphasize biological aspects of clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologists.
B) earn the same degree and receive the same license as clinical psychologists.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: A
21. Social workers
A) typically earn a doctoral degree.
B) undergo training that places heavy emphasis on research methods and psychological testing.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: D
22. School psychologists
A) are not qualified to conduct psychological testing.
B) work with children in schools and the adults involved in students' lives.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: B
23. Across both PhD and PsyD programs, graduate training in clinical psychology typically includes
A) a predoctoral internship.
B) coursework in psychotherapy, assessment, research design, statistics, and other areas.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: C

Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
24. Between 1988 and 2001, the number of PsyD degrees awarded
A) more than doubled.
B) remained constant.
C) declined by 10%.
D) increased by 10%.
Ans: A
25. The website of one doctoral training program includes the following statement: “The Clinical Psychology
area is dedicated to research and training in clinical science . . . The main training objective . . . is to cultivate
the development of scholars through exposure to a rich and multidisciplinary array of research opportunities.”
This program adheres to the _____ model of training.
A) scientist-practitioner
B) practitioner-scholar
C) clinical scientist
D) counseling psychology
Ans: C
26. In order to earn a PhD in clinical psychology, an individual must generally
A) complete a doctoral dissertation.
B) complete four years of intensive, full-time coursework.
C) complete a one year predoctoral internship.
D) all of the above
Ans: D
27. Students enrolled in a practitioner-scholar program typically earn what degree?
A) PsyD
B) PhD
C) MD
D) none of the above
Ans: A
28. Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs tend to
A) place less emphasis on research-related aspects of training and more emphasis on clinically relevant
aspects of training.
B) accept and enroll a much smaller percentage and number of applicants.
C) offer significantly more funding to enrolled students.
D) all of the above
Ans: A

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Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
Short Answer Questions
1. List three areas of required coursework that are a part of doctoral graduate training in clinical psychology.
Ans: psychotherapy, assessment, statistics, research design and methodology, biological bases of behavior,
cognitive-affective bases of behavior, social bases of behavior, individual differences
2. List three primary differences between PhD and PsyD programs.
Ans: Compared with PhD programs, PsyD programs tend to deemphasize research, emphasize practice, accept
a greater percentage and larger number of students, be housed in professional schools rather than university
psychology departments, and offer less funding to students. See Box 1.1 in the text for a complete list.
3. What is the most common setting in which clinical psychologists work?
Ans: private practice
4. What is the most common professional activity of clinical psychologists?
Ans: psychotherapy
5. After completing a predoctoral internship and receiving the PhD or PsyD, what additional steps are
generally required to obtain licensure to practice independently?
Ans: Complete a postdoctoral internship (“postdoc”) and pass the Examination for Professional Practice in
Psychology (EPPP) and a state-specific exam on laws and ethics.
6. A student applying for clinical psychology graduate programs would likely select a program adhering to the
_____ model of training if he or she wished to primarily engage in research and teach in a university on
graduation.
Ans: clinical scientist
7. The scientist-practitioner model of graduate training is also known as the _____ model.
Ans: Boulder
8. The practitioner-scholar model of graduate training is also known as the _____ model.
Ans: Vail

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Pomerantz, Clinical Psychology 3e Test Bank created by Jason Murphy
Essay Questions
1. Name and briefly describe the differences between each of the three models of training currently in use by
graduate programs in clinical psychology.
Ans: The scientist-practitioner model balances research and clinical practice. The practitioner-scholar model
primarily emphasizes clinical practice. The clinical scientist model primarily emphasizes research.
2. Describe at least three steps that you would take to improve the strength of your application to a graduate
program in clinical psychology. (Hint: Consider recommendations outlined in the text and provided by
references such as Graduate Study in Psychology and Getting In: A Step-by-Step Plan for Gaining Admission to
Graduate School in Psychology.)
Ans: a) Know your professional options: Explore the different paths to obtaining the title of clinical psychology,
and examine similar careers. b) Take, and earn high grades in, the appropriate undergraduate courses. c) Get
to know your professors: Building a solid reputation will allow professors to write more meaningful letters of
recommendation. d) Get research experience. e) Get clinically relevant experience: Find a volunteer or paid
position that includes exposure to clinical populations. f) Maximize your GRE score. g) Select graduate
programs wisely: Identify the program’s training model and the faculty’s therapeutic orientations, and
compare them to your goals for training. h) Write effective personal statements. i) Prepare well for admissions
interviews: Research the school and professors prior to the interview. j) Consider your long-term goals: Do you
see yourself as a clinical or researcher? How much financial debt are you willing to incur?
3. How do clinical psychologists differ from counseling psychologists?
Ans: Compared to counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists tend to work with more severely
pathological clients and to work in settings such as inpatient psychiatric units; counseling psychologists tend to
work with less seriously disturbed population sin setting such as college counseling centers. Counseling
psychologists tend to be more interested in vocational testing and career counseling, whereas clinical
psychologists tend to be more interested in the application of psychology to medical settings.

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Test Bank – Chapter 2
Evolution of Clinical Psychology
Note: New or modified questions are marked with an *.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The discipline of clinical psychology came into existence around the beginning of the
A) 1700s.
B) 1800s.
C) 1900s.
D) 1950s.
Ans: C
2. _________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the
mentally ill in England.
A) William Tuke
B) Phillippe Pinel
C) Eli Todd
D) Henry Murray
Ans: A
3. _________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the
mentally ill in France.
A) Eli Todd
B) Edward Lee Thorndike
C) Phillippe Pinel
D) Hermann Rorschach
Ans: C
4. Eli Todd is most notable for
A) creating an inkblot personality test that is still used by many clinical psychologists.
B) advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the U. S.
C) coining the term "clinical psychology."
D) creating the first widely used test of intelligence.
Ans: B
5. Dorothea Dix's efforts to improve the treatment of the mentally ill resulted in the creation of institutions in
A) the United States.
B) Asia.
C) Europe.
D) all of the above
Ans: D
6. The first psychological clinic was founded
A) by Lightner Witmer.

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B) in the 1890s.
C) at the University of Pennsylvania.
D) all of the above
Ans: D
7. At the first psychological clinic, the clients were primarily
A) children with school-related problems.
B) adults with personality disorders.
C) children and adults with depression.
D) couples experiencing relationship problems.
Ans: A
8. The journal founded by Lightner Witmer was entitled
A) Treatment of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
B) The Psychological Clinic
C) Behavior Change
D) Psychology and Behavior
Ans: B
9. Lightner Witmer originally defined clinical psychology as related to the disciplines of
A) social work.
B) education.
C) medicine.
D) all of the above
Ans: D
10. Emil Kraepelin
A) is considered a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders.
B) authored an objective personality test that remains widely used among clinical psychologists today.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: A
11. The first edition of the DSM was published in
A) 1896.
B) 1926.
C) 1952.
D) 1980.
Ans: C
12. The DSM is published by the
A) American Psychological Association.
B) National Association of Social Workers.
C) American Psychotherapy Association.
D) American Psychiatric Association.
Ans: D

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13. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Each edition of the DSM has included fewer pages and diagnoses than the previous edition.
B) Specific diagnostic criteria have been a characteristic of the DSM since its first edition.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: D
*14. Which of the following are included among the “proposed criteria sets” of the DSM-5 for possible
inclusion in future DSM versions?
A) persistent complex bereavement
B) internet gambling disorder
C) attenuated psychosis syndrome
D) all of the above
Ans: D
15. David Wechsler created
A) an inkblot test of personality.
B) a popular objective questionnaire measuring symptoms of depression.
C) a test of intelligence.
D) the MMPI.
Ans: C
16. The MMPI
A) is an objective test of personality.
B) was created prior to the Rorschach Inkblot test.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: A
17. Psychotherapy began to play a significant role in the history of clinical psychology around
A) 1900-1910.
B) 1940-1950.
C) 1970-1980.
D) 1990-2000.
Ans: B
18. Currently, the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the
_________ orientation.
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic
Ans: B
19. The historic Boulder conference took place in

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A) 1896.
B) 1921.
C) 1949.
D) 1969.
Ans: C
20. Which of the following assessment methods was created most recently?
A) MMPI
B) Thematic Apperception Test
C) NEO-PI-R
D) Rorschach Inkblot Method
Ans: C
21. At the 1896 convention of the American Psychological Association, when Lightner Witmer encouraged his
colleagues to “throw light upon the problems that confront humanity,” he meant that they should
A) develop a diagnostic manual.
B) open psychological clinics.
C) convince local politicians to improve the conditions of inpatient facilities for the seriously mentally ill.
D) organize and lobby for the right to prescribe medication.
Ans: B
22. _________, more than any other activity, characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the
profession.
A) Cognitive psychotherapy
B) Behavioral psychotherapy
C) Motivational interviewing
D) Assessment of intelligence
Ans: D
23. From roughly 1900-1950, the treatment of mental illness
A) did not exist.
B) was conducted primarily by clinical psychologists.
C) was conducted primarily by physicians.
D) was conducted primarily by counseling psychologists.
Ans: C
24. _____ opened the York Retreat, a residential treatment center where the mentally ill would always be cared
for with kindness, dignity, and decency.
A) Philippe Pinel
B) William Tuke
C) Dorthea Dix
D) Eli Todd
Ans: B
25. Lightner Witmer founded the first psychological journal called
A) Psychology Today.

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B) The Journal of American Psychology.
C) The Psychological Clinic
D) none of the above
Ans: C
26. Emil Kraepelin developed a two-category system of mental illness consisting of
A) internalizing and externalizing disorders.
B) exogenous and endogenous disorders.
C) depressive and anxious disorders.
D) none of the above
Ans: B
*27. The current diagnostic manual used by psychologists and psychiatrists is the
A) DSM-IV
B) DSM-5
C) CDC-2
D) CDC-3
Ans: B
*28. _____ is included in the DSM-5’s “proposed criteria sets” and is a disorder in which a person experiences
mild or brief delusions, hallucinations, or other psychotic phenomena.
A) Internet gambling disorder
B) Attenuated psychosis syndrome
C) Persistent complex bereavement
D) Schizophrenogenic mother syndrome
Ans: B
Short Answer Questions
1. Who founded the first psychological clinic?
Ans: Lightner Whitmer
2. What population and what problems were addressed in the first psychological clinic?
Ans: School children; problems in the school setting related to learning or behavior
3. Who is considered the "father of descriptive psychiatry?"
Ans: Emil Kraepelin
*4. What organization is the author of the DSM-5?
Ans: American Psychiatric Association
5. David Wechsler is most famous for creating _____.
Ans: an intelligence test designed specifically for adults or the Wechsler-Bellevue test
6. The Rorschach Inkblot Method and the Thematic Apperception Test are both examples of _____.
Ans: projective personality tests

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7. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is an example of a(n) _____ personality test.
Ans: objective
8. What historical event elevated psychotherapy to become one of the most common activities of clinical
psychologists?
Ans: World War II
Essay Questions
1. Briefly explain how the size and scope of the DSM has changed since its original edition.
Ans: It has generally expanded in size and scope with every new edition. The largest increase took place from
DSM-II to DSM-III.
*2. Compare and contrast the proposed disorder attenuated psychosis syndrome with the official disorder
schizophrenia.
Ans: In attenuated psychosis syndrome, the person experiences mild or brief delusions, hallucinations, or other
psychotic phenomena. These are the same kinds of symptoms experienced by people with schizophrenia, but in
attenuated psychosis syndrome, the symptoms would be more fleeting, less intense, and the person’s perception
of reality would remain largely intact.
3. Briefly explain the fundamental differences between projective personality tests (e.g, Rorschach, TAT) and
objective personality tests (e.g., MMPI, MMPI-2, NEO-PI-R).
Ans: Projective tests involve presenting the client with ambiguous stimuli. They assume that the way an
individual perceives and makes sense of the blots corresponds to the way they perceive and make sense of the
world around them. Objective tests are typically pencil-and-paper self-report instruments with more restricted
ranges of responding (e.g., multiple choice or true-false rather than free response). Objective tests have
generally had less questionable reliability and validity than projective tests.
4. Briefly summarize three of the ways in which war has influenced the history of clinical psychology.
Ans: Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests during World War I, used to measure the intelligence of recruits
and soldiers, were precursors to today's intelligence tests. Wechsler's clinical experiences during World War I
aided his creation of the Wechsler-Bellevue. Following World War II, veterans returned with "shell shock," and
other psychological symptoms; the U.S. government provided significant funding to train additional clinical
psychologists to treat these veterans. The Nazi presence in Europe during the 1930s forced many influential
figures in clinical psychology (e.g., Sigmund Freud) to feel to the United States. Clinical psychologists play a
critical role in treating veterans from recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan; the VA is one of the
country's largest providers of mental health services.

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Test Bank – Chapter 3
Current Controversies in Clinical Psychology
1. Currently, _____ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained
psychologists.
A. all 50 states
B. 31states
*C. 2 states
D. no states
2. Patrick DeLeon, Morgan Sammons, and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates
A. for evidence-based psychotherapies.
B. for computer-based psychotherapies.
*C. for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.
D. against evidence-based psychotherapies.
3. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have often made the argument that other non-
physicians such as _____, have already been granted some prescription privileges.
A. dentists
B. advance practice nurses
C. podiatrists
*D. all of the above
4. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.
A. an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas
*B. convenience for clients
C. all of the above
D. none of the above
5. Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.
A. the need for further training during or after graduate school
B. the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline
*C. all of the above
D. none of the above
*6. The size and scope of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual have _____ since its inception in the 1950s.
A. vastly decreased
*B. vastly increased
C. stayed about the same
D. demonstrated no real pattern
7. The climb in mental disorder rates is known as
A. overdiagnosis
B. diagnostic expansion
C. diagnostic inflation
*D. All of the above.

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8. When criticizing the DSM-5 for being overly broad in their definitions of mental disorders, many researchers
point to _____ as an example of overpathologizing everyday experiences and behaviors.
A. premenstrual dysphoric disorder
B. binge eating disorder
*C. Both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
9 2012 research by Cosgrove and Krimsky found that _____% of psychiatrists contributing to the DSM-5 had
financial ties to pharmaceutical companies.
A. 4
B. 17
C. 52
*D. 69
10. An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is
A. exposure and response prevention for bulimia.
*B. exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.
C. dialectical behavior therapy for depression.
D. dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder.
11. A book entitled A Guide to Treatments that Work was published in _____ and represented a significant step
in the _____.
A. 1960; humanistic psychotherapy movement.
B. 1990; prescription privileges movement.
*C. 1998; evidence-based practice movement.
D. 2005; psychotherapy via videoconferencing.
12. Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____ treatments.
A. empirically validated
B. empirically supported
*C. all of the above
D. none of the above
13. The term "evidence-based practice" includes
A. the psychological treatment for a disorder.
B. factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.
*C. all of the above
D. none of the above
14. Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include
A. an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists.
B. increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist.
*C. the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.
D. all of the above

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