Comparing Gender Differences in Aggression Using a t-Test for Independent Samples
A study using t-tests for independent samples to compare gender differences in aggression levels.
Eli Simmons
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Comparing Gender Differences in Aggression Using a t-Test for
Independent Samples
Exercise 9: t-test for two independent samples
As preparation for this exercise, you are strongly advised do the Time to Practice exercise 1, 2, and 8 in
chapter 11, and check your work against the correct answers in the text.
Test the hypothesis that the men are more aggressive than the women in the data set. Use the pretest
aggression measures.
1. State the null and research hypotheses:
Null hypothesis H0: The men are not more aggressive than the women in the data set.
Alternative hypothesis Ha: The men are more aggressive than the women in the data set.
2. Set the level of significance, or Type 1 error, and explain what it means.
Take the level of significance to be 0.05. It is the maximum type I error we could make.
3. Select the appropriate test statistic, and explain why it is appropriate. Describe the formula (11.1)
for the statistic and what it means.
Since we compare with two population means and the population standard deviations are
unknown, and sample sizes are small, we use t-test statistic. When H0 is true, the test statistic
given in the following follows a t-distribution with degree of freedom df=n1+n2-2.)( 2*1
21
221
2
2
)12(2
1
)11(
21
nn
nn
nn
SnSn
XX
t +
−+
−+−
−
=
4. Compute the test statistic to get the ‘obtained value’. Plug the appropriate values into the formula
for the statistic, as on page 194. (note: you can just use SPPS to compute the means and
standard deviations).
Report
AGGpre
Sex Mean N Std. Deviation
1 6.43 7 2.573
2 4.80 5 2.588
Total 5.75 12 2.598
Independent Samples
Exercise 9: t-test for two independent samples
As preparation for this exercise, you are strongly advised do the Time to Practice exercise 1, 2, and 8 in
chapter 11, and check your work against the correct answers in the text.
Test the hypothesis that the men are more aggressive than the women in the data set. Use the pretest
aggression measures.
1. State the null and research hypotheses:
Null hypothesis H0: The men are not more aggressive than the women in the data set.
Alternative hypothesis Ha: The men are more aggressive than the women in the data set.
2. Set the level of significance, or Type 1 error, and explain what it means.
Take the level of significance to be 0.05. It is the maximum type I error we could make.
3. Select the appropriate test statistic, and explain why it is appropriate. Describe the formula (11.1)
for the statistic and what it means.
Since we compare with two population means and the population standard deviations are
unknown, and sample sizes are small, we use t-test statistic. When H0 is true, the test statistic
given in the following follows a t-distribution with degree of freedom df=n1+n2-2.)( 2*1
21
221
2
2
)12(2
1
)11(
21
nn
nn
nn
SnSn
XX
t +
−+
−+−
−
=
4. Compute the test statistic to get the ‘obtained value’. Plug the appropriate values into the formula
for the statistic, as on page 194. (note: you can just use SPPS to compute the means and
standard deviations).
Report
AGGpre
Sex Mean N Std. Deviation
1 6.43 7 2.573
2 4.80 5 2.588
Total 5.75 12 2.598
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Subject
Psychology