Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank

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Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5thEditionChapter 1: Introduction to PathologyTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is this type of process.a.Idiopathicb.Iatrogenicc.Neoplasiad.Community acquiredANS:BThe disease process caused by physicians and their treatment is iatrogenic.REF:p. 32.Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a:a.Disease processb.Pathologyc.Study of diseasesd.Idiopathic processANS:AA disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury.REF:p. 1

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3.What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?a.Idiopathicb.Antietiologicc.Iatrogenicd.NosocomialANS:AIdiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause.REF:p. 34.Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called:a.Hyperplasiab.Dysplasiac.Neoplasiad.AplasiaANS:CAlterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors).REF:p. 75.The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:a.Infectionb.Ischemiac.Edemad.InflammationANS:DInflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.

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REF:p. 36.Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:a.Hyperemiab.Scar tissuec.Hyperplasiad.InfarctionANS:AThis hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation.REF:p. 37.In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:a.Granulomatous inflammationb.Granulation tissuec.Phagocytesd.PyogensANS:BA fibrousscarreplaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refersto a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, whichproduce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue.REF:p. 48.Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:a.Edemab.Tumorc.Calor

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d.DolorANS:BThe five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor(pain), and loss of function.REF:p. 49.Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incitethe inflammatory process are known as:a.Toxoidsb.Pyogensc.Toxinsd.AbscessesANS:CSome bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage thetissues and incite an inflammatory response.REF:p. 410.Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called:a.An exudatesb.A granulomac.An abscessd.HyperplasiaANS:BA granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis.REF:p. 4

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11.In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:a.Migration of circulating white blood cellsb.Increased blood flow and vascular permeabilityc.Regeneration of normal parenchymal cellsd.Enzymatic digestion of dead cellsANS:BThe localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site ofinjury.REF:p. 412.In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:a.Bacteriab.Pusc.Edemad.A scarANS:BThe presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, whichcontains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria.REF:p. 413.All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:a.Bacteremiab.Phagocytosisc.Septicemiad.Keloid tissue

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ANS:AAll pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to producebacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body.REF:p. 414.Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as:a.Keloidsb.Suppurative inflammationc.Fibrous adhesionsd.HyperemiaANS:CEventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the abdomen, suchfibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an obstruction.REF:p. 415.An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body iscalled:a.Bacteremiab.Elephantiasisc.Filariasisd.AnasarcaANS:DGeneralized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body(anasarca).REF:p. 416.Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

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a.Filariasisb.Edemac.Elephantiasisd.Fibrous adhesionsANS:BEdema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or bodycavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction.REF:p. 417.An inflammation associated with pus formation is:a.Bacteremiab.Phagocytosisc.Suppuratived.HyperemiaANS:CSuppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation.REF:p. 418.The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:a.Exudateb.Transudatec.Pusd.PermeableANS:A

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This inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with inflammation. Theprotein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid,such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.REF:p. 319.The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema iscalled:a.An abscessb.Exudatec.Transudated.FilariasisANS:CThe protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-proteinfluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.REF:p. 320.A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):a.Gangreneb.Infarctc.Purpurad.EcchymosisANS:BAn infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion ofeither its arterial supply or its venous drainage.REF:p. 521.Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

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a.Ischemiab.Petechiaec.Filariasisd.GangreneANS:AIschemia refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, deprivingthe organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients.REF:p. 522.The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in thediabetic’s foot is called:a.Infarctionb.Gangrenec.Ischemiad.HemorrhageANS:BSevere arterial disease of the lower extremities may result in necrosis of several toes or a largesegment of the foot, a condition called gangrene. A frequent symptom in diabetic patients isischemia of the foot, which may progress to infarction and result in gangrene.REF:p. 523.A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):a.Purpurab.Ecchymosisc.Petechiad.Infarct

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A large (greater than 1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise, is called an ecchymosis.REF:p. 624.An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):a.Hematomab.Ecchymosisc.Petechiaed.Pleural effusionANS:ABlood may be trapped within body tissues resulting in an accumulation called a hematoma.REF:p. 525.Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:a.Petechiaeb.Hemorrhagec.Purpurad.EcchymosisANS:AMinimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae.REF:p. 526.Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of the blood loss will determine the:a.Patient statusb.Clinical significancec.Treatment required

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d.All of the aboveANS:DThe significance of hemorrhage depends on the volume of blood loss, the rate of loss, and the site ofthe hemorrhage. Sudden losses of up to 20% of the blood volume or slow losses of even largeramounts may have little clinical significance.REF:p. 627.When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:a.Aplasiab.Atrophyc.Hypoplasiad.DysplasiaANS:BAtrophy refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue.REF:p. 628.When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered:a.Hypoplasticb.Dysplasticc.Hyperplasticd.AnaplasticANS:AFailure of normal development accounts for small size in hypoplasia and aplasia.REF:p. 6

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29.When increased function of an organ is required, the term _____ is used.a.Neoplasticb.Hypotrophyc.Hyperplasiad.HypertrophyANS:DHypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demandfor increased function.REF:p. 630.The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:a.Hypertrophyb.Anaplasiac.Hyperplasiad.DysplasiaANS:CHyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Proliferation of granulationtissue in the repair of injury is an example.REF:pp. 6-731.The Latin word for “new growth” is:a.Tumorb.Seedingc.Neoplasiad.EcchymosisANS:C

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Neoplasia, from the Latin word for new growth, refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that areno longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells.REF:p. 732.New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread areconsidered:a.Neoplasticb.Benignc.Cachexiad.MalignantANS:DMalignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites(metastasize).REF:p. 733.A polyp is a:a.Projecting mass from an inner mucous membraneb.Malignant epithelial neoplasmc.Benign cartilaginous tumord.CancerANS:AAn epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane(such as the gastrointestinal tract) is termed a papilloma or a polyp.REF:p. 734.A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

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a.Adenomab.Adenocarcinomac.Cystadenomad.DysplasiaANS:BAdenocarcinoma refers to malignancies of glandular tissues, such as the breast, liver, and pancreas,and of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract.REF:p. 735.The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is:a.Benignb.Oncologyc.Neoplasiad.CancerANS:DMalignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called carcinomas, from the Greek wordkarbinos,meaning “crab.”REF:p. 736.The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:a.Pathologyb.Radiologyc.Oncologyd.EtiologyANS:C

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Neoplasms are commonly referred to as tumors; indeed, the study of neoplasms is called oncology,derived from the Greek wordoncos,meaning “tumor.”REF:p. 737.Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called::a.Malignantb.Benignc.Cancerousd.DysplasticANS:BBenign tumors closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function.REF:p. 738.When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition isreferred to as:a.Cachexiab.Petechiaec.Anorexiad.AnaplasticANS:ANeoplastic cells act as parasites, competing with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs.Thus tumor cells may flourish, and the patient becomes weak and emaciated, a condition termedcachexia.REF:p. 739.Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:

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