Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank

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Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5th Edition
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is this type of process.
a. Idiopathic
b. Iatrogenic
c. Neoplasia
d. Community acquired
ANS: B
The disease process caused by physicians and their treatment is iatrogenic.
REF: p. 3
2. Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a:
a. Disease process
b. Pathology
c. Study of diseases
d. Idiopathic process
ANS: A
A disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury.
REF: p. 1

3. What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?
a. Idiopathic
b. Antietiologic
c. Iatrogenic
d. Nosocomial
ANS: A
Idiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause.
REF: p. 3
4. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called:
a. Hyperplasia
b. Dysplasia
c. Neoplasia
d. Aplasia
ANS: C
Alterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors).
REF: p. 7
5. The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:
a. Infection
b. Ischemia
c. Edema
d. Inflammation
ANS: D
Inflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.

REF: p. 3
6. Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:
a. Hyperemia
b. Scar tissue
c. Hyperplasia
d. Infarction
ANS: A
This hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation.
REF: p. 3
7. In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:
a. Granulomatous inflammation
b. Granulation tissue
c. Phagocytes
d. Pyogens
ANS: B
A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refers
to a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, which
produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue.
REF: p. 4
8. Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:
a. Edema
b. Tumor
c. Calor

d. Dolor
ANS: B
The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor
(pain), and loss of function.
REF: p. 4
9. Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite
the inflammatory process are known as:
a. Toxoids
b. Pyogens
c. Toxins
d. Abscesses
ANS: C
Some bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage the
tissues and incite an inflammatory response.
REF: p. 4
10. Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called:
a. An exudates
b. A granuloma
c. An abscess
d. Hyperplasia
ANS: B
A granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis.
REF: p. 4

11. In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:
a. Migration of circulating white blood cells
b. Increased blood flow and vascular permeability
c. Regeneration of normal parenchymal cells
d. Enzymatic digestion of dead cells
ANS: B
The localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site of
injury.
REF: p. 4
12. In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:
a. Bacteria
b. Pus
c. Edema
d. A scar
ANS: B
The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, which
contains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria.
REF: p. 4
13. All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:
a. Bacteremia
b. Phagocytosis
c. Septicemia
d. Keloid tissue

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ANS: A
All pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to produce
bacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body.
REF: p. 4
14. Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as:
a. Keloids
b. Suppurative inflammation
c. Fibrous adhesions
d. Hyperemia
ANS: C
Eventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the abdomen, such
fibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an obstruction.
REF: p. 4
15. An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is
called:
a. Bacteremia
b. Elephantiasis
c. Filariasis
d. Anasarca
ANS: D
Generalized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body
(anasarca).
REF: p. 4
16. Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

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a. Filariasis
b. Edema
c. Elephantiasis
d. Fibrous adhesions
ANS: B
Edema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body
cavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction.
REF: p. 4
17. An inflammation associated with pus formation is:
a. Bacteremia
b. Phagocytosis
c. Suppurative
d. Hyperemia
ANS: C
Suppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation.
REF: p. 4
18. The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:
a. Exudate
b. Transudate
c. Pus
d. Permeable
ANS: A

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This inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with inflammation. The
protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid,
such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.
REF: p. 3
19. The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is
called:
a. An abscess
b. Exudate
c. Transudate
d. Filariasis
ANS: C
The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein
fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.
REF: p. 3
20. A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):
a. Gangrene
b. Infarct
c. Purpura
d. Ecchymosis
ANS: B
An infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of
either its arterial supply or its venous drainage.
REF: p. 5
21. Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

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a. Ischemia
b. Petechiae
c. Filariasis
d. Gangrene
ANS: A
Ischemia refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving
the organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients.
REF: p. 5
22. The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in the
diabetic’s foot is called:
a. Infarction
b. Gangrene
c. Ischemia
d. Hemorrhage
ANS: B
Severe arterial disease of the lower extremities may result in necrosis of several toes or a large
segment of the foot, a condition called gangrene. A frequent symptom in diabetic patients is
ischemia of the foot, which may progress to infarction and result in gangrene.
REF: p. 5
23. A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):
a. Purpura
b. Ecchymosis
c. Petechia
d. Infarct

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A large (greater than 1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise, is called an ecchymosis.
REF: p. 6
24. An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):
a. Hematoma
b. Ecchymosis
c. Petechiae
d. Pleural effusion
ANS: A
Blood may be trapped within body tissues resulting in an accumulation called a hematoma.
REF: p. 5
25. Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:
a. Petechiae
b. Hemorrhage
c. Purpura
d. Ecchymosis
ANS: A
Minimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae.
REF: p. 5
26. Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of the blood loss will determine the:
a. Patient status
b. Clinical significance
c. Treatment required

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d. All of the above
ANS: D
The significance of hemorrhage depends on the volume of blood loss, the rate of loss, and the site of
the hemorrhage. Sudden losses of up to 20% of the blood volume or slow losses of even larger
amounts may have little clinical significance.
REF: p. 6
27. When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:
a. Aplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypoplasia
d. Dysplasia
ANS: B
Atrophy refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue.
REF: p. 6
28. When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered:
a. Hypoplastic
b. Dysplastic
c. Hyperplastic
d. Anaplastic
ANS: A
Failure of normal development accounts for small size in hypoplasia and aplasia.
REF: p. 6

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29. When increased function of an organ is required, the term _____ is used.
a. Neoplastic
b. Hypotrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Hypertrophy
ANS: D
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand
for increased function.
REF: p. 6
30. The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:
a. Hypertrophy
b. Anaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia
ANS: C
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Proliferation of granulation
tissue in the repair of injury is an example.
REF: pp. 6-7
31. The Latin word for “new growth” is:
a. Tumor
b. Seeding
c. Neoplasia
d. Ecchymosis
ANS: C

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Neoplasia, from the Latin word for new growth, refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that are
no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells.
REF: p. 7
32. New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are
considered:
a. Neoplastic
b. Benign
c. Cachexia
d. Malignant
ANS: D
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites
(metastasize).
REF: p. 7
33. A polyp is a:
a. Projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane
b. Malignant epithelial neoplasm
c. Benign cartilaginous tumor
d. Cancer
ANS: A
An epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane
(such as the gastrointestinal tract) is termed a papilloma or a polyp.
REF: p. 7
34. A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

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a. Adenoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Cystadenoma
d. Dysplasia
ANS: B
Adenocarcinoma refers to malignancies of glandular tissues, such as the breast, liver, and pancreas,
and of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract.
REF: p. 7
35. The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is:
a. Benign
b. Oncology
c. Neoplasia
d. Cancer
ANS: D
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called carcinomas, from the Greek word karbinos,
meaning “crab.”
REF: p. 7
36. The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:
a. Pathology
b. Radiology
c. Oncology
d. Etiology
ANS: C

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Neoplasms are commonly referred to as tumors; indeed, the study of neoplasms is called oncology,
derived from the Greek word oncos, meaning “tumor.”
REF: p. 7
37. Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called::
a. Malignant
b. Benign
c. Cancerous
d. Dysplastic
ANS: B
Benign tumors closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function.
REF: p. 7
38. When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is
referred to as:
a. Cachexia
b. Petechiae
c. Anorexia
d. Anaplastic
ANS: A
Neoplastic cells act as parasites, competing with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs.
Thus tumor cells may flourish, and the patient becomes weak and emaciated, a condition termed
cachexia.
REF: p. 7
39. Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:

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