CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, 2nd Edition (2021)
CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, 2nd Edition (2021) ensures success with step-by-step guidance and test strategies.
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Daniel Lachance, CompTIA Security+, CompTIA A+, CompTIA
Network+, CompTIA Server+, CompTIA Cloud Essentials, CompTIA
Cloud+, as well as various Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services
certifications, is the owner of Lachance IT Consulting, Inc., based in Halifax,
Nova Scotia, Canada. He is the author of CompTIA Cloud Essentials+
Certification Study Guide, Second Edition, and co-author of CompTIA
Security+ Certification Practice Exams.
Since the early 1990s, he has worked in various capacities as a computer
programmer, network and server technician, and security analyst. He is also
an experienced trainer, having delivered IT training online, in Canada, and in
the Caribbean since the 1990s on topics ranging from Microsoft enterprise
products (Active Directory, Hyper-V, System Center Configuration Manager,
and Azure) to Amazon Web Services, UNIX, Linux, security, and
networking.
He has recorded tech support videos for products such as Microsoft Azure,
Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager
and has recorded videos covering various cybersecurity and mobility topics.
He enjoys spending time with his spouse, Tammy; their children, Roman,
Trinity, Abby, and Jacob; families and friends; and the family dogs, Dori and
Louis. He also enjoys jogging, reading nonfiction, and listening to and
playing various styles of music.
About the Technical Editor
S. Russell Christy is a technical trainer in Memphis, Tennessee covering a
wide variety of products and specializing in computer maintenance, network
and security, and Microsoft Office applications. For over 20 years, he has
deployed new desktops and operating systems, servers, and network
hardware and software, while simultaneously troubleshooting various
Daniel Lachance, CompTIA Security+, CompTIA A+, CompTIA
Network+, CompTIA Server+, CompTIA Cloud Essentials, CompTIA
Cloud+, as well as various Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services
certifications, is the owner of Lachance IT Consulting, Inc., based in Halifax,
Nova Scotia, Canada. He is the author of CompTIA Cloud Essentials+
Certification Study Guide, Second Edition, and co-author of CompTIA
Security+ Certification Practice Exams.
Since the early 1990s, he has worked in various capacities as a computer
programmer, network and server technician, and security analyst. He is also
an experienced trainer, having delivered IT training online, in Canada, and in
the Caribbean since the 1990s on topics ranging from Microsoft enterprise
products (Active Directory, Hyper-V, System Center Configuration Manager,
and Azure) to Amazon Web Services, UNIX, Linux, security, and
networking.
He has recorded tech support videos for products such as Microsoft Azure,
Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager
and has recorded videos covering various cybersecurity and mobility topics.
He enjoys spending time with his spouse, Tammy; their children, Roman,
Trinity, Abby, and Jacob; families and friends; and the family dogs, Dori and
Louis. He also enjoys jogging, reading nonfiction, and listening to and
playing various styles of music.
About the Technical Editor
S. Russell Christy is a technical trainer in Memphis, Tennessee covering a
wide variety of products and specializing in computer maintenance, network
and security, and Microsoft Office applications. For over 20 years, he has
deployed new desktops and operating systems, servers, and network
hardware and software, while simultaneously troubleshooting various
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hardware and software issues.
He holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the
University of Memphis. He has also gained industry certifications in
CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, CompTIA Server+, CompTIA
Security+, CompTIA CySA+, Cisco CCNA CyberOps, MTA Windows
Server Administration Fundamentals, Network Fundamentals, Security
Fundamentals, Windows OS Fundamentals, Microsoft 365 Identity and
Services, and Adobe Education Trainer.
He holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the
University of Memphis. He has also gained industry certifications in
CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, CompTIA Server+, CompTIA
Security+, CompTIA CySA+, Cisco CCNA CyberOps, MTA Windows
Server Administration Fundamentals, Network Fundamentals, Security
Fundamentals, Windows OS Fundamentals, Microsoft 365 Identity and
Services, and Adobe Education Trainer.
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Copyright © 2021 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted
under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
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publication.
ISBN: 978-1-26-046992-9
MHID: 1-26-046992-1
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title:
ISBN: 978-1-26-046991-2, MHID: 1-26-046991-3.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
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appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to
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Information has been obtained by McGraw Hill from sources believed to be
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our sources, McGraw Hill, or others, McGraw Hill does not guarantee the
accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not
responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of
such information.
TERMS OF USE
under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored,
and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for
publication.
ISBN: 978-1-26-046992-9
MHID: 1-26-046992-1
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title:
ISBN: 978-1-26-046991-2, MHID: 1-26-046991-3.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
Version 1.0
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a
trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use
names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner,
with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations
appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to
use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training
programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at
www.mhprofessional.com.
Information has been obtained by McGraw Hill from sources believed to be
reliable. However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by
our sources, McGraw Hill, or others, McGraw Hill does not guarantee the
accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not
responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of
such information.
TERMS OF USE
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McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect,
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from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been
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reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these
terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to
store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble,
reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon,
transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any
part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the
work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the
work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if
you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION
AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES
AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR
RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING
ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE
WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the
functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its
operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education
nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error
or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting
therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of
any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall
McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect,
incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result
from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been
advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall
apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in
contract, tort or otherwise.
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
Chapter 1 Introduction to CompTIA Server+ Essentials
Chapter 2 Server Hardware
Chapter 3 Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Chapter 4 Server Storage
Chapter 5 Server Network Communications
Chapter 6 Server and Network Security
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting and Performance Optimization
Chapter 8 Disaster Recovery Planning
Appendix A About the Hands-on Exercises and Lab Setup
Appendix B Objective Map
Appendix C About the Online Content
Glossary
Index
Chapter 1 Introduction to CompTIA Server+ Essentials
Chapter 2 Server Hardware
Chapter 3 Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Chapter 4 Server Storage
Chapter 5 Server Network Communications
Chapter 6 Server and Network Security
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting and Performance Optimization
Chapter 8 Disaster Recovery Planning
Appendix A About the Hands-on Exercises and Lab Setup
Appendix B Objective Map
Appendix C About the Online Content
Glossary
Index
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction to CompTIA Server+ Essentials
Why This Book Is Relevant
Server Hardware Basics
Server Form Factors
Server CPUs
Server Memory
Buses and Slots
Virtualization
Environmental Factors
Storage
Network Concepts
Cables and Connectors
IP
Ports and Protocols
Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Server Roles
Maintenance
Monitoring
Security Considerations
Hardening
Network Security
Troubleshooting and Optimizing Performance
Optimizing Performance
Troubleshooting
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction to CompTIA Server+ Essentials
Why This Book Is Relevant
Server Hardware Basics
Server Form Factors
Server CPUs
Server Memory
Buses and Slots
Virtualization
Environmental Factors
Storage
Network Concepts
Cables and Connectors
IP
Ports and Protocols
Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Server Roles
Maintenance
Monitoring
Security Considerations
Hardening
Network Security
Troubleshooting and Optimizing Performance
Optimizing Performance
Troubleshooting
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Preparing for the Worst
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Characteristics
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Cloud Computing Service Models
Chapter Review
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 2 Server Hardware
Server Form Factors
Tower Servers
Rack-mounted Equipment
Blade Servers
Server Components
BIOS
UEFI
CPUs
GPUs
Memory
Buses
NICs
Storage
USB
Power
Voltage
Wattage
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Environmental Controls
Temperature
Airflow
Humidity
Fire Suppression
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Characteristics
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Cloud Computing Service Models
Chapter Review
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 2 Server Hardware
Server Form Factors
Tower Servers
Rack-mounted Equipment
Blade Servers
Server Components
BIOS
UEFI
CPUs
GPUs
Memory
Buses
NICs
Storage
USB
Power
Voltage
Wattage
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Environmental Controls
Temperature
Airflow
Humidity
Fire Suppression
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
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Server Form Factors
Server Components
Power
Environmental Controls
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 3 Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Server Roles
Infrastructure Roles
Other Server Roles
Virtualization Servers
Hypervisor Types
Hypervisor Host Configuration
Virtual Machine Guest Configuration
Server Installation
Server Licensing
Installing a Type 1 Hypervisor
Installing a Server Operating System
Server Administration Methods
KVM
Out-of-Band Remote Administration
In-Band Remote Administration
Server Documentation
Asset Life Cycle
Asset Inventory
Service Level Agreements
Other Documentation
Maintaining Servers
Patch Management
Proactive Maintenance
Reactive Maintenance
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Server Roles
Server Components
Power
Environmental Controls
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 3 Server Operating Systems and Server Roles
Server Roles
Infrastructure Roles
Other Server Roles
Virtualization Servers
Hypervisor Types
Hypervisor Host Configuration
Virtual Machine Guest Configuration
Server Installation
Server Licensing
Installing a Type 1 Hypervisor
Installing a Server Operating System
Server Administration Methods
KVM
Out-of-Band Remote Administration
In-Band Remote Administration
Server Documentation
Asset Life Cycle
Asset Inventory
Service Level Agreements
Other Documentation
Maintaining Servers
Patch Management
Proactive Maintenance
Reactive Maintenance
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Server Roles
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Virtualization Servers
Server Installation
Server Administration Methods
Server Documentation
Server Maintenance
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 4 Server Storage
Storage Technologies
Magnetic Hard Disks
Solid-State Drives
Hybrid Drives
Storage Tiers
Disk Interfaces
Optical Drives
Cloud Storage
Direct-Attached Storage
Network-Attached Storage
Storage Area Networks
Storage Capacity and Future Growth
Base 2 vs. Base 10
Where Did All the Disk Space Go?
Using Less Disk Space
RAID Configuration
RAID Levels
Storage Device Installation
MBR and GPT
File Systems
Sample Scenario 1
Sample Scenario 2
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Storage Device Characteristics
Disk Interfaces
Server Installation
Server Administration Methods
Server Documentation
Server Maintenance
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 4 Server Storage
Storage Technologies
Magnetic Hard Disks
Solid-State Drives
Hybrid Drives
Storage Tiers
Disk Interfaces
Optical Drives
Cloud Storage
Direct-Attached Storage
Network-Attached Storage
Storage Area Networks
Storage Capacity and Future Growth
Base 2 vs. Base 10
Where Did All the Disk Space Go?
Using Less Disk Space
RAID Configuration
RAID Levels
Storage Device Installation
MBR and GPT
File Systems
Sample Scenario 1
Sample Scenario 2
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Storage Device Characteristics
Disk Interfaces
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Local and Network Storage
Storage Capacity Planning
RAID
Disk Initialization and File Systems
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 5 Server Network Communications
The OSI Model
Cable Installation and Management
Cable Placement
Cable Labeling
Cable Types
Network Hardware
Network Interface Cards
Network Switches
Routers
Configuring IPv4
PAT
Static NAT
IP
IPv4 Addressing
Subnet Mask
Reserved Internal IP Address Ranges
When to Use Subnetting
Configuring IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Settings
IPv6 Transition Technologies
Network Infrastructure Services
Default Gateway
DNS Servers
WINS Servers
DHCP
TCP and UDP
Storage Capacity Planning
RAID
Disk Initialization and File Systems
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 5 Server Network Communications
The OSI Model
Cable Installation and Management
Cable Placement
Cable Labeling
Cable Types
Network Hardware
Network Interface Cards
Network Switches
Routers
Configuring IPv4
PAT
Static NAT
IP
IPv4 Addressing
Subnet Mask
Reserved Internal IP Address Ranges
When to Use Subnetting
Configuring IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Settings
IPv6 Transition Technologies
Network Infrastructure Services
Default Gateway
DNS Servers
WINS Servers
DHCP
TCP and UDP
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TCP
UDP
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
The OSI Model
Cables and Connectors
Network Interface Cards
IPv4 and IPv6
IP, TCP, and UDP
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 6 Server and Network Security
Physical Security Measures
Premises Access
The Human Element
Authentication
Under Lock and Key
Logical Access Control
Groups
Dynamic Access Control
Roles
Rights and Permissions
File System Permissions
Peripheral Devices
Network Security
NAC
VLANs
Firewalls
Security Zones
PKI
IPSec
VPNs
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
Hardening
UDP
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
The OSI Model
Cables and Connectors
Network Interface Cards
IPv4 and IPv6
IP, TCP, and UDP
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 6 Server and Network Security
Physical Security Measures
Premises Access
The Human Element
Authentication
Under Lock and Key
Logical Access Control
Groups
Dynamic Access Control
Roles
Rights and Permissions
File System Permissions
Peripheral Devices
Network Security
NAC
VLANs
Firewalls
Security Zones
PKI
IPSec
VPNs
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
Hardening
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Operating System Hardening
Hardware Hardening
Application Hardening
Data Security
Data and Mobile Devices
Encrypting Data at Rest
Tape Encryption
Secure Media Disposal
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Physical Security
Authentication
Logical Access Control
Network Security
Firewalls
PKI
IPSec
VPNs
Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Hardening
Data Security
Secure Media Disposal
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting and Performance Optimization
Troubleshooting Methodology
Identify the Problem
Establish a Theory of Probable Cause
Test the Theory
Establish a Plan of Action
Implement a Solution or Escalate
Verify Functionality
Perform Root Cause Analysis
Document the Solution
Hardware Hardening
Application Hardening
Data Security
Data and Mobile Devices
Encrypting Data at Rest
Tape Encryption
Secure Media Disposal
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Physical Security
Authentication
Logical Access Control
Network Security
Firewalls
PKI
IPSec
VPNs
Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Hardening
Data Security
Secure Media Disposal
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting and Performance Optimization
Troubleshooting Methodology
Identify the Problem
Establish a Theory of Probable Cause
Test the Theory
Establish a Plan of Action
Implement a Solution or Escalate
Verify Functionality
Perform Root Cause Analysis
Document the Solution
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Hardware Problems and Solutions
Software Problems and Solutions
Storage Problems and Solutions
Windows Tools
Linux Tools
Network Problems and Solutions
Name Resolution Issues
Security Problems and Solutions
Malware Troubleshooting
Too Few Permissions
Too Many Permissions
Too Much Running
Confidentiality and Integrity
Performance Optimization
Hardware Optimization
Software Optimization
Network Optimization
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Troubleshooting Methodology
Hardware Problems and Solutions
Software Problems and Solutions
Storage Problems and Solutions
Network Problems and Solutions
Security Problems and Solutions
Performance Optimization
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 8 Disaster Recovery Planning
Disaster Recovery
Alternate Sites
Data Replication
Business Impact Analysis
Business Continuity
Software Problems and Solutions
Storage Problems and Solutions
Windows Tools
Linux Tools
Network Problems and Solutions
Name Resolution Issues
Security Problems and Solutions
Malware Troubleshooting
Too Few Permissions
Too Many Permissions
Too Much Running
Confidentiality and Integrity
Performance Optimization
Hardware Optimization
Software Optimization
Network Optimization
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Troubleshooting Methodology
Hardware Problems and Solutions
Software Problems and Solutions
Storage Problems and Solutions
Network Problems and Solutions
Security Problems and Solutions
Performance Optimization
Questions
Questions and Answers
Chapter 8 Disaster Recovery Planning
Disaster Recovery
Alternate Sites
Data Replication
Business Impact Analysis
Business Continuity
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Disaster Recovery Plan
Business Continuity Plan
Data Backup
Backup Types
Backup Media
On-premises Backup
Cloud Backup
Backup and Restore Best Practices
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Disaster Recovery Sites
Data Replication
Business Impact
Disaster Recovery Plan
Business Continuity Plan
Data Backups
Questions
Questions and Answers
Appendix A About the Hands-on Exercises and Lab Setup
Lab Exercise Overview
Microsoft Windows
Linux
Requirements for Hands-on Exercises
Hardware Requirements
VMware Workstation 16 Pro
Acquiring Windows and Linux Installation Media
Lab Exercise Miscellany
Appendix B Objective Map
Exam SK0-005
CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam SK0-005
Appendix C About the Online Content
System Requirements
Your Total Seminars Training Hub Account
Business Continuity Plan
Data Backup
Backup Types
Backup Media
On-premises Backup
Cloud Backup
Backup and Restore Best Practices
Hands-on Exercises
Chapter Review
Disaster Recovery Sites
Data Replication
Business Impact
Disaster Recovery Plan
Business Continuity Plan
Data Backups
Questions
Questions and Answers
Appendix A About the Hands-on Exercises and Lab Setup
Lab Exercise Overview
Microsoft Windows
Linux
Requirements for Hands-on Exercises
Hardware Requirements
VMware Workstation 16 Pro
Acquiring Windows and Linux Installation Media
Lab Exercise Miscellany
Appendix B Objective Map
Exam SK0-005
CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam SK0-005
Appendix C About the Online Content
System Requirements
Your Total Seminars Training Hub Account
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Privacy Notice
Single User License Terms and Conditions
TotalTester Online
Performance-Based Questions
Technical Support
Glossary
Index
Single User License Terms and Conditions
TotalTester Online
Performance-Based Questions
Technical Support
Glossary
Index
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
With each book project, I am reminded of the immense collective skill from
the pool of talented folks required to make it all happen. I would like to thank
McGraw Hill for providing the opportunity to create this book. Emily
Walters, Lisa McClain, and Rachel Fogelberg were the guiding lights as to
what I should be doing and when I should be doing it. I would also like to
thank the rest of the wonderful team at McGraw Hill for making this project a
great experience, resulting in a solid and fun book.
This book is chock-full of technical goodies, but credit must be given to S.
Russell Christy for keeping the technical content consistent, accurate, and
relevant—thanks, Russ!
I would like to say a special thank you to my family for enduring the many
hours I spent preparing for and creating this book, as well as the endless
techno-rambling I tend to fall prey to—love you guys!
With each book project, I am reminded of the immense collective skill from
the pool of talented folks required to make it all happen. I would like to thank
McGraw Hill for providing the opportunity to create this book. Emily
Walters, Lisa McClain, and Rachel Fogelberg were the guiding lights as to
what I should be doing and when I should be doing it. I would also like to
thank the rest of the wonderful team at McGraw Hill for making this project a
great experience, resulting in a solid and fun book.
This book is chock-full of technical goodies, but credit must be given to S.
Russell Christy for keeping the technical content consistent, accurate, and
relevant—thanks, Russ!
I would like to say a special thank you to my family for enduring the many
hours I spent preparing for and creating this book, as well as the endless
techno-rambling I tend to fall prey to—love you guys!
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INTRODUCTION
The CompTIA Server+ certification exam is becoming increasingly popular
and showing up in IT job listings as a desired certification, not only for the
management of physical servers but also the management of virtual servers
running on premises and in the cloud. Topics formerly included in the
discontinued CompTIA Storage+ certification are now included in CompTIA
Server+. This change makes sense because of the close relationship servers
have with storage, especially network storage.
CompTIA Server+ certification candidates must demonstrate a solid
understanding of topics ranging from server hardware to server operating
systems, networking and security, storage, virtualization, and cloud-based
solutions. Today’s server administrators are responsible for remote
administration of potentially hundreds of physical and virtual servers,
whether in a small server room or in a large data center.
The primary skill required by CompTIA Server+ technicians is effective
troubleshooting. Yes, it’s important to understand concepts and the sequence
of steps required to yield a desired result, but the timely and efficient
resolution of server-related issues is what distinguishes a casual server
technician from an outstanding server technician. This book includes entire
chapters dedicated to troubleshooting and disaster recovery.
Exam Details
You can book your English-language CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 exam
online at www.pearsonvue.com/comptia/, or by phone with your local
Pearson Vue testing center as of May 18, 2021. Additional languages will be
added at a later date. Consult the web site to find the testing center nearest
you, including directions to the center, or you can opt to have the test
proctored for you in the comfort of your office or home.
The CompTIA Server+ certification exam is becoming increasingly popular
and showing up in IT job listings as a desired certification, not only for the
management of physical servers but also the management of virtual servers
running on premises and in the cloud. Topics formerly included in the
discontinued CompTIA Storage+ certification are now included in CompTIA
Server+. This change makes sense because of the close relationship servers
have with storage, especially network storage.
CompTIA Server+ certification candidates must demonstrate a solid
understanding of topics ranging from server hardware to server operating
systems, networking and security, storage, virtualization, and cloud-based
solutions. Today’s server administrators are responsible for remote
administration of potentially hundreds of physical and virtual servers,
whether in a small server room or in a large data center.
The primary skill required by CompTIA Server+ technicians is effective
troubleshooting. Yes, it’s important to understand concepts and the sequence
of steps required to yield a desired result, but the timely and efficient
resolution of server-related issues is what distinguishes a casual server
technician from an outstanding server technician. This book includes entire
chapters dedicated to troubleshooting and disaster recovery.
Exam Details
You can book your English-language CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 exam
online at www.pearsonvue.com/comptia/, or by phone with your local
Pearson Vue testing center as of May 18, 2021. Additional languages will be
added at a later date. Consult the web site to find the testing center nearest
you, including directions to the center, or you can opt to have the test
proctored for you in the comfort of your office or home.
Loading page 23...
You can use an exam voucher if you have one; either way, the cost is
USD338. Payment methods include various debit and credit cards.
Preparing for the Exam
People learn in different ways. Reading comprehension is important,
especially when it comes to end-of-chapter and master exam questions
included with this book. Some folks learn best by doing; that’s why you’ll
find hands-on exercises using both Windows and Linux at the end of each
chapter.
It’s been proven that doing something related to a discussed topic helps
our brains to understand how the topic is relevant and thus aids in retention.
The following list provides some general test-taking tips:
• Have a positive attitude.
• Learn the material in earnest; it is interesting and it can help your
career.
• Get a full night’s sleep for a few days prior to taking the exam.
• Eat properly before taking the exam.
• Don’t cram right before the exam.
• Arrive at the testing center 15 minutes early.
• Read all the questions and all the answer choices thoroughly.
• With complex questions, ask yourself, “What is the question really
asking?”
Taking the Exam at Your Location
When you schedule the exam online, you can choose to take the exam from
anywhere you have an Internet connection and a computer with a microphone
and web camera. You will receive instructions regarding how to prepare your
exam room, and you will be prompted to upload a photo ID as well as
pictures of the exam room. You will also receive instructions for ensuring
that your computer meets the requirements for remote exam-taking. When the
exam begins, the exam proctor will most likely ask you to show him or her
your exam room through your computer’s web camera. You will not be
allowed to have a watch on, phones within reach, or refreshments on your
USD338. Payment methods include various debit and credit cards.
Preparing for the Exam
People learn in different ways. Reading comprehension is important,
especially when it comes to end-of-chapter and master exam questions
included with this book. Some folks learn best by doing; that’s why you’ll
find hands-on exercises using both Windows and Linux at the end of each
chapter.
It’s been proven that doing something related to a discussed topic helps
our brains to understand how the topic is relevant and thus aids in retention.
The following list provides some general test-taking tips:
• Have a positive attitude.
• Learn the material in earnest; it is interesting and it can help your
career.
• Get a full night’s sleep for a few days prior to taking the exam.
• Eat properly before taking the exam.
• Don’t cram right before the exam.
• Arrive at the testing center 15 minutes early.
• Read all the questions and all the answer choices thoroughly.
• With complex questions, ask yourself, “What is the question really
asking?”
Taking the Exam at Your Location
When you schedule the exam online, you can choose to take the exam from
anywhere you have an Internet connection and a computer with a microphone
and web camera. You will receive instructions regarding how to prepare your
exam room, and you will be prompted to upload a photo ID as well as
pictures of the exam room. You will also receive instructions for ensuring
that your computer meets the requirements for remote exam-taking. When the
exam begins, the exam proctor will most likely ask you to show him or her
your exam room through your computer’s web camera. You will not be
allowed to have a watch on, phones within reach, or refreshments on your
Loading page 24...
desk, nor will you be granted restroom breaks. Importantly, being interrupted
by others could forfeit your exam, so make sure that you are completely
isolated during the exam.
Taking the Exam at the Testing Center
After booking your exam, if you will be taking the exam at a testing center,
take the time to ensure that you know how to get to the center on time,
including the schedule of any public transportation you might take, and find
out where you can park if you plan on driving.
You will need two pieces of ID at the testing center, including a photo ID.
The testing center will also take a picture of you for your exam score report.
You are not allowed to have a smartphone, books, or notes in the testing
room.
Making the Grade
The required passing score for the CompTIA SK0-005 exam is 750 (the
range is 100 to 900), and the exam consists of 90 multiple-choice and
performance-based questions that you must answer within 90 minutes.
Performance-based questions, or PBQs, test more than just your knowledge
of CompTIA Server+ topics; they test that you can apply your Server+
knowledge to scenarios to solve problems. As has always been the case, there
might be questions included on the exam that do not count toward your score.
CompTIA does this occasionally to test out new content or question formats,
but you won’t know which question(s) this applies to.
Table 1 lists the exam domains and their weight against the overall exam.
Notice the emphasis on server administration and troubleshooting. For a
detailed breakdown of CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 exam objectives, visit
www.certification.comptia.org/certifications/server.
by others could forfeit your exam, so make sure that you are completely
isolated during the exam.
Taking the Exam at the Testing Center
After booking your exam, if you will be taking the exam at a testing center,
take the time to ensure that you know how to get to the center on time,
including the schedule of any public transportation you might take, and find
out where you can park if you plan on driving.
You will need two pieces of ID at the testing center, including a photo ID.
The testing center will also take a picture of you for your exam score report.
You are not allowed to have a smartphone, books, or notes in the testing
room.
Making the Grade
The required passing score for the CompTIA SK0-005 exam is 750 (the
range is 100 to 900), and the exam consists of 90 multiple-choice and
performance-based questions that you must answer within 90 minutes.
Performance-based questions, or PBQs, test more than just your knowledge
of CompTIA Server+ topics; they test that you can apply your Server+
knowledge to scenarios to solve problems. As has always been the case, there
might be questions included on the exam that do not count toward your score.
CompTIA does this occasionally to test out new content or question formats,
but you won’t know which question(s) this applies to.
Table 1 lists the exam domains and their weight against the overall exam.
Notice the emphasis on server administration and troubleshooting. For a
detailed breakdown of CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 exam objectives, visit
www.certification.comptia.org/certifications/server.
Loading page 25...
Table 1 CompTIA Server+ SK0-005 Exam Domains
If you are taking the exam at a testing center, you can use a provided
marker and laminated paper to write notes and calculate values, such as valid
subnet ranges. Each question has a Prev (previous) and Next button you can
click to allow navigation throughout the entire exam. You can also flag
certain questions for review; an item review screen will appear after the last
question, where you can review some or all of your answers before ending
the exam.
The exam contains multiple-choice questions that ask you to choose one
or more correct answers, and you can expect scenario performance-based
questions to solve some kind of server-based problem.
When studying for this exam, always keep the following in mind:
• What is the most efficient way of completing an IT configuration task?
• What sequence of steps must be followed to achieve a goal?
• What is the first step in troubleshooting a specific issue?
• What can be done to improve the performance or security of an IT
system?
You will know right away whether you’ve passed the exam. If you fail on
your first attempt to pass the exam, CompTIA does not require a waiting
period before making your second attempt at the exam, but you will have to
wait 14 calendar days if you want to make a third attempt. Using this book
properly should not require a second exam attempt.
If you are taking the exam at a testing center, you can use a provided
marker and laminated paper to write notes and calculate values, such as valid
subnet ranges. Each question has a Prev (previous) and Next button you can
click to allow navigation throughout the entire exam. You can also flag
certain questions for review; an item review screen will appear after the last
question, where you can review some or all of your answers before ending
the exam.
The exam contains multiple-choice questions that ask you to choose one
or more correct answers, and you can expect scenario performance-based
questions to solve some kind of server-based problem.
When studying for this exam, always keep the following in mind:
• What is the most efficient way of completing an IT configuration task?
• What sequence of steps must be followed to achieve a goal?
• What is the first step in troubleshooting a specific issue?
• What can be done to improve the performance or security of an IT
system?
You will know right away whether you’ve passed the exam. If you fail on
your first attempt to pass the exam, CompTIA does not require a waiting
period before making your second attempt at the exam, but you will have to
wait 14 calendar days if you want to make a third attempt. Using this book
properly should not require a second exam attempt.
Loading page 26...
Using the Book
Welcome to CompTIA Server+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Second
Edition (Exam SK0-005)! By reading and understanding each chapter
(including the questions), completing the included lab exercises, and taking
the companion online practice exams, you will greatly increase your
likelihood of passing the CompTIA Server+ exam. Refer to Appendix A for
information about setting up the hands-on lab exercises.
This book maps to the official CompTIA SK0-005 exam objectives to help
you prepare for the exam, but it also goes beyond the objectives to provide
insight that will prove valuable when you are working in server-related
environments.
Using the Objectives Map
The objectives map included in Appendix B has been constructed to help you
cross-reference the official exam objectives from CompTIA with the relevant
coverage in the book. The objectives map lists each exam objective exactly as
CompTIA presents it and provides the corresponding chapter and section in
which that objective is covered.
Online Practice Exams
This book includes access to practice exams that feature the Total Tester
Online exam software test engine, which allows you to generate a complete
practice exam or to generate quizzes by chapter module or by exam domain.
This book also includes access to ten performance-based questions. For more
information about the accompanying software and instructions on how to
access the exam tool, see Appendix C.
Welcome to CompTIA Server+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Second
Edition (Exam SK0-005)! By reading and understanding each chapter
(including the questions), completing the included lab exercises, and taking
the companion online practice exams, you will greatly increase your
likelihood of passing the CompTIA Server+ exam. Refer to Appendix A for
information about setting up the hands-on lab exercises.
This book maps to the official CompTIA SK0-005 exam objectives to help
you prepare for the exam, but it also goes beyond the objectives to provide
insight that will prove valuable when you are working in server-related
environments.
Using the Objectives Map
The objectives map included in Appendix B has been constructed to help you
cross-reference the official exam objectives from CompTIA with the relevant
coverage in the book. The objectives map lists each exam objective exactly as
CompTIA presents it and provides the corresponding chapter and section in
which that objective is covered.
Online Practice Exams
This book includes access to practice exams that feature the Total Tester
Online exam software test engine, which allows you to generate a complete
practice exam or to generate quizzes by chapter module or by exam domain.
This book also includes access to ten performance-based questions. For more
information about the accompanying software and instructions on how to
access the exam tool, see Appendix C.
Loading page 27...
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to CompTIA Server+
Essentials
In this chapter, you will
• Learn about server hardware components
• Learn how storage systems can be configured and provisioned
• Review basic network concepts
• Review the basics of monitoring and maintaining server operating
systems
• Review basic security concepts
• Learn about troubleshooting and optimizing performance
• Learn about disaster recovery
• Explore cloud computing concepts
This chapter provides an overview of topics (all of the details follow in
Chapters 2–8) that you’re sure to see on the CompTIA Server+ Certification
Exam (SK0-005). We’ll also cover these topics in such a way that you’ll be
well armed working in the IT field, whether you’re discussing network
storage for cloud-based virtualized servers, determining specific server
hardware that must be ordered, or working in a data center.
Data centers are neat—these big facilities host a wide array of IT services
that are consumed by clients located hundreds, even thousands, of miles
away. This is important with cloud computing. The equipment that cloud
services run on is housed in data centers. You can bet that, among other
certifications, a CompTIA Server+ certification is often preferred for data
center jobs.
Introduction to CompTIA Server+
Essentials
In this chapter, you will
• Learn about server hardware components
• Learn how storage systems can be configured and provisioned
• Review basic network concepts
• Review the basics of monitoring and maintaining server operating
systems
• Review basic security concepts
• Learn about troubleshooting and optimizing performance
• Learn about disaster recovery
• Explore cloud computing concepts
This chapter provides an overview of topics (all of the details follow in
Chapters 2–8) that you’re sure to see on the CompTIA Server+ Certification
Exam (SK0-005). We’ll also cover these topics in such a way that you’ll be
well armed working in the IT field, whether you’re discussing network
storage for cloud-based virtualized servers, determining specific server
hardware that must be ordered, or working in a data center.
Data centers are neat—these big facilities host a wide array of IT services
that are consumed by clients located hundreds, even thousands, of miles
away. This is important with cloud computing. The equipment that cloud
services run on is housed in data centers. You can bet that, among other
certifications, a CompTIA Server+ certification is often preferred for data
center jobs.
Loading page 28...
Why This Book Is Relevant
Because you’re reading this book, you probably already see the value in
learning about the CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam. CompTIA is
respected globally in the IT industry for its certifications for A+, Network+,
Server+, Linux+, and many others. If you check out IT job listings on your
favorite job-hunting site or ask people working at IT academic institutions,
you’ll learn that many jobs require CompTIA certifications in one form or
another.
Being a server expert is much different today from what it was in the
1990s, and that’s going back only 25 years or so! If you’ve been working in
IT for a while, you might agree that there was a time when
• We could know everything about a server operating system.
• Arguably, overall server support was simpler because the software
wasn’t doing as many things.
• Arguably, overall server support was harder because we didn’t have
great Internet search engines and video tutorials.
• Applying patches didn’t occupy nearly as much of our time.
• Malware infections weren’t nearly as ubiquitous.
• Storage was contained physically inside the server case.
• IPv4 was groundbreaking.
The CompTIA certification exam helps ensure that candidates really know
what they’re talking about, including much more than just knowledge of
servers themselves. You need to be familiar with server types and
components, virtualization, IPv4 and IPv6 networking, cloud computing,
operating systems, network storage, security, and troubleshooting. If all this
interests you (and you need this certification to get a job!), then you are in the
right place.
What kinds of jobs relate to the CompTIA Server+ certification?
Countless, but let’s list a few general categories:
• Data center IT technician
• Server administrator
• Network technician
Because you’re reading this book, you probably already see the value in
learning about the CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam. CompTIA is
respected globally in the IT industry for its certifications for A+, Network+,
Server+, Linux+, and many others. If you check out IT job listings on your
favorite job-hunting site or ask people working at IT academic institutions,
you’ll learn that many jobs require CompTIA certifications in one form or
another.
Being a server expert is much different today from what it was in the
1990s, and that’s going back only 25 years or so! If you’ve been working in
IT for a while, you might agree that there was a time when
• We could know everything about a server operating system.
• Arguably, overall server support was simpler because the software
wasn’t doing as many things.
• Arguably, overall server support was harder because we didn’t have
great Internet search engines and video tutorials.
• Applying patches didn’t occupy nearly as much of our time.
• Malware infections weren’t nearly as ubiquitous.
• Storage was contained physically inside the server case.
• IPv4 was groundbreaking.
The CompTIA certification exam helps ensure that candidates really know
what they’re talking about, including much more than just knowledge of
servers themselves. You need to be familiar with server types and
components, virtualization, IPv4 and IPv6 networking, cloud computing,
operating systems, network storage, security, and troubleshooting. If all this
interests you (and you need this certification to get a job!), then you are in the
right place.
What kinds of jobs relate to the CompTIA Server+ certification?
Countless, but let’s list a few general categories:
• Data center IT technician
• Server administrator
• Network technician
Loading page 29...
• Help desk technician
Remember that an understanding of the body of knowledge presented in
this book is crucial for IT server and network technicians working for
companies in any industry.
Server Hardware Basics
Everybody uses servers in one way or another, even if they don’t realize it—
including teenagers posting content to social media from their smartphones,
shoppers making online purchases, companies backing data up to the cloud,
and Wall Street executives making decisions based on server-supplied data.
Although the role of a server (the centralized serving of content and services
to concurrent users over a network) hasn’t changed much over the decades,
the scale of clients demanding quick and reliable access, the amount of data
processed, as well as how servers are implemented, have changed. It’s not
enough to know about servers themselves; we need to be aware of the entire
ecosystem.
Servers offer some kind of a service to clients over the network, such as a
web server offering a web site to a client’s web browser. The server’s role
and number of clients it serves dictate how much horsepower is needed. The
interesting part is that this is true whether you’re working with physical or
virtual servers, on-premises or in the cloud.
The CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam will test your knowledge on
the best hardware configurations given specific server scenarios. Even virtual
machine servers, otherwise called instances, deployed in the cloud can be
configured using different instance types, or sizes, which consist of factors
like the number of virtual CPU cores (vCPUs), the amount of RAM, the
number of attached disks, and so on. The great thing about virtual machines
is that you can scale down, or reduce the amount of horsepower when
appropriate, and in the cloud this saves you money.
Server Form Factors
Physical servers come in different sizes and shapes, as you’ll see in Chapter
2. For instance, tower servers take up more space than their slimmer cousins,
blade and rack-mount servers. Blade servers take up the least amount of
Remember that an understanding of the body of knowledge presented in
this book is crucial for IT server and network technicians working for
companies in any industry.
Server Hardware Basics
Everybody uses servers in one way or another, even if they don’t realize it—
including teenagers posting content to social media from their smartphones,
shoppers making online purchases, companies backing data up to the cloud,
and Wall Street executives making decisions based on server-supplied data.
Although the role of a server (the centralized serving of content and services
to concurrent users over a network) hasn’t changed much over the decades,
the scale of clients demanding quick and reliable access, the amount of data
processed, as well as how servers are implemented, have changed. It’s not
enough to know about servers themselves; we need to be aware of the entire
ecosystem.
Servers offer some kind of a service to clients over the network, such as a
web server offering a web site to a client’s web browser. The server’s role
and number of clients it serves dictate how much horsepower is needed. The
interesting part is that this is true whether you’re working with physical or
virtual servers, on-premises or in the cloud.
The CompTIA Server+ Certification Exam will test your knowledge on
the best hardware configurations given specific server scenarios. Even virtual
machine servers, otherwise called instances, deployed in the cloud can be
configured using different instance types, or sizes, which consist of factors
like the number of virtual CPU cores (vCPUs), the amount of RAM, the
number of attached disks, and so on. The great thing about virtual machines
is that you can scale down, or reduce the amount of horsepower when
appropriate, and in the cloud this saves you money.
Server Form Factors
Physical servers come in different sizes and shapes, as you’ll see in Chapter
2. For instance, tower servers take up more space than their slimmer cousins,
blade and rack-mount servers. Blade servers take up the least amount of
Loading page 30...
space.
Arranging physical servers requires knowledge of server racks with
sliding rails for equipment, including, but not limited to, servers. This is a
much better use of space than tower servers arranged on the floor. Blade
enclosures make even better use of space. A blade enclosure is mounted into
a rack, and blade servers slide into the enclosure for the utmost in space
savings (what techies like to call “increasing data center server density”).
Server CPUs
Although a single CPU chip may suffice for a desktop, servers often have
multiple physical CPU chips plugged into CPU sockets on the server
motherboard. Each CPU chip consists of one or more cores. A CPU core has
the same functionality as a physical CPU, and multiple cores can be
embedded on a single CPU chip.
CPUs use high-speed L1, L2, and L3 cache memory for data and
instructions to speed up processing. A 4 gigahertz (GHz) CPU slows down
when data needs to get on a bus to get to a different component in the server
—for example, down to 600 megahertz (MHz).
Where desktops and servers commonly use the more powerful Complex
Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processors, mobile and consumer
electronic devices need less power, which means less heat and cooling are
required, so they tend to use Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
processors. RISC chips are designed to use simple instruction sets, where a
single instruction can be executed within a single clock cycle. Bear in mind
that CPUs can have speeds of millions (megahertz) or billions (gigahertz) of
clock cycles per second. A clock cycle is an opportunity for CPU instructions
to be executed.
Server Memory
Scaling a database server to support larger datasets means adding memory
(RAM). Virtual servers can be configured to use more RAM as needed, and
in the cloud this is called resizing, which may require the virtual machine to
be restarted. The extra RAM becomes available from other virtual machines
running on the same underlying physical host that have RAM to spare at the
time.
Arranging physical servers requires knowledge of server racks with
sliding rails for equipment, including, but not limited to, servers. This is a
much better use of space than tower servers arranged on the floor. Blade
enclosures make even better use of space. A blade enclosure is mounted into
a rack, and blade servers slide into the enclosure for the utmost in space
savings (what techies like to call “increasing data center server density”).
Server CPUs
Although a single CPU chip may suffice for a desktop, servers often have
multiple physical CPU chips plugged into CPU sockets on the server
motherboard. Each CPU chip consists of one or more cores. A CPU core has
the same functionality as a physical CPU, and multiple cores can be
embedded on a single CPU chip.
CPUs use high-speed L1, L2, and L3 cache memory for data and
instructions to speed up processing. A 4 gigahertz (GHz) CPU slows down
when data needs to get on a bus to get to a different component in the server
—for example, down to 600 megahertz (MHz).
Where desktops and servers commonly use the more powerful Complex
Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processors, mobile and consumer
electronic devices need less power, which means less heat and cooling are
required, so they tend to use Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
processors. RISC chips are designed to use simple instruction sets, where a
single instruction can be executed within a single clock cycle. Bear in mind
that CPUs can have speeds of millions (megahertz) or billions (gigahertz) of
clock cycles per second. A clock cycle is an opportunity for CPU instructions
to be executed.
Server Memory
Scaling a database server to support larger datasets means adding memory
(RAM). Virtual servers can be configured to use more RAM as needed, and
in the cloud this is called resizing, which may require the virtual machine to
be restarted. The extra RAM becomes available from other virtual machines
running on the same underlying physical host that have RAM to spare at the
time.
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CompTIA Certifications