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NETA ASSESSMENT
Test Bank
to accompany
Fourth Edition Test Bank prepared by
Victor Gulewitsch
University of Guelph

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology ......................................................................... 1-1
Chapter 2 The Nature of Culture ..................................................................................... 2-1
Chapter 3 The Beginnings of Human Culture ................................................................. 3-1
Chapter 4 Language and Communication ....................................................................... 4-1
Chapter 5 Making a Living ............................................................................................. 5-1
Chapter 6 Economic Systems ......................................................................................... 6-1
Chapter 7 Sex and Marriage ........................................................................................... 7-1
Chapter 8 Family and Household ................................................................................... 8-1
Chapter 9 Kinship and Descent ....................................................................................... 9-1
Chapter 10 Social Stratification and Groupings ........................................................... 10-1
Chapter 11 Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order ................................ 11-1
Chapter 12 Religion and the Supernatural .................................................................... 12-1
Chapter 13 The Arts ...................................................................................................... 13-1
Chapter 14 Anthropology at Work ............................................................................... 14-1
Chapter 15 Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity ............................................. 15-1

v
In addition to providing a variety of questions related to each chapter objective, this test bank
also employs a series of tags that can help design effective, balanced tests by the measure of
course outcomes. All of the tags are included with the question in the test bank. These tags
include:
 ANS: The correct answer.
 PTS: The number of points an instructor can assign for each question. The default is 1
point.
 BLM: The category from Bloom’s taxonomy for learning (Remember or Higher Order).
This category is included to assist instructors in assessing student’s higher-order cognitive
skills.
 DIF: Difficulty level (Easy, Average, or Challenging).
The Computerized Test Bank
All items from this Test Bank are also available in ExamView®, a computerized testing
package with online capabilities. ExamView® helps you create, customize and deliver both
print and online tests in minutes. Its “what you see is what you get” interface and easy-to-use
test wizard guide you step-by-step through the test creation process. The ExamView® Test
Bank files and software are included on the Instructor’s Resource CD in Windows PC and
Macintosh platforms (0176615970).

1-1
Chapter 1 The Nature Of Anthropology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following best defines anthropology?
a. the study of Western culture, primarily through the analysis of its folklore
b. the study of humankind everywhere in all times
c. the study of nonhuman primates through an analysis of their myths and folklore
d. the study of the species Homo sapiens by analyzing its biological dimension
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 3–4
BLM: REM
2. How is anthropology different from other disciplines that study humans?
a. It was the first science to analyze human diversity.
b. It pays greater attention to details.
c. It requires a longer period of training.
d. It synthesizes data from many fields in an effort to describe human behaviour as a
whole.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4
BLM: REM
3. What is the key distinction between anthropology and humanities subjects?
a. The humanities are concerned with art and history, while anthropology does not.
b. The humanities are more scientific than anthropology.
c. The humanities examine the great achievements of human cultures, while
anthropology focuses on all aspects of humans.
d. The humanities concentrate on Western civilization, while anthropology
concentrates on Eastern civilization and excludes study of the West.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4
BLM: HO
4. Why has anthropology only recently appeared as a distinct field of inquiry?
a. Only in the past two centuries have people been interested in their own origins and
in people different from themselves.
b. Previously, most people did not have access to adequate means of travel and
communication necessary for studying distant cultures.
c. The Bible strictly prohibited the study of diverse groups of people.
d. European explorers only wished to dominate the peoples they encountered.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4
BLM: REM

Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-2
5. Which factor contributed most to the development of anthropology as a distinct field for studying
human diversity?
a. the discovery of diverse peoples during biblical days
b. the rise of cultural imperialism, which promoted intellectual development in
Europe
c. attempts during the 18th century to explain human behaviour scientifically in terms
of natural laws
d. the application of biblical mythology to explain human diversity
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4–5
BLM: REM
6. During which period of their history did Europeans first consider that understanding other
peoples would help them understand themselves?
a. the industrial age
b. the Age of Enlightenment
c. the postindustrial age
d. the modern age
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 5
BLM: REM
7. Early anthropological theorists proposed that all cultures passed through a series of evolutionary
stages, culminating in the technologically advanced level of Western societies. Which term did
critics of this idea use to brand its adherents with?
a. armchair anthropologists
b. diffusionists
c. progressives
d. relativists
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5
BLM: REM
8. Which of the following opinions was NOT one that Franz Boas held?
a. He embraced racist notions of cultural progress.
b. He argued that each culture has a unique history.
c. He promoted the belief that all cultures are equally valid.
d. He maintained that cultures cannot be ranked as superior or inferior to one another.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 5
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-3
9. Which of the following has most influenced Canadian anthropology?
a. the media in Canada
b. medical schools at Canadian universities
c. the Canadian government
d. Canadian museums
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6
BLM: REM
10. Which of the following tasks has always been a defining feature of Canadian anthropology?
a. studies of ethnic conflict in Canada
b. advocacy of Aboriginal people’s religious and cultural rights
c. understanding Canadian cultural sovereignty
d. writing reports for federal and provincial governments
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6
BLM: REM
11. Which term do Aboriginal groups in Canada prefer to use to identify themselves?
a. the name of their distinctive cultural group
b. the term “North American Indian,” which ignores national boundaries
c. the term “Indian”
d. the term “native people”
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6
BLM: REM
12. Which of the following is NOT one of the five major fields of anthropology?
a. archaeology
b. linguistic anthropology
c. ethnohistory
d. applied anthropology
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9
BLM: REM
13. What is the term for someone who engages activities such as studying the frequency of blood
types in human populations, or watching the behaviour of monkeys and apes, or digging for early
hominid bones in East Africa?
a. ethnologist
b. ethnographer
c. biological anthropologist
d. sociocultural anthropologist
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9–10
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-4
14. What are the two major research interests of biological anthropology?
a. the relationship between humans and mammals, and the differences between them
b. variation in human populations, and evolution of human characteristics
c. primate population variation, and the reconstruction of the material remains of
culture
d. the origins of language, and causes of language change
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9–10
BLM: REM
15. Which of the following research topics might be the main focus of a biological anthropologist?
a. the point in human evolution at which the anatomical capacity for language
emerged
b. the historical construction of language families to see when different languages
diverged from a common stock
c. investigating the social behaviour of Rastafarians
d. locating the remains of ancient Babylon
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9–10
BLM: HO
16. The police need help in identifying a large number of disaster victims. Which type of
anthropologist would be best for this task?
a. paleoanthropologist
b. forensic anthropologist
c. police anthropologist
d. osteoanthropologist
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
17. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate task for a forensic anthropologist?
a. identifying causes of environmental disasters
b. identifying the remains of victims of genocide
c. identifying missing persons from skeletal remains
d. identifying details of nutritional history from skeletal remains of murder victims
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-5
18. What is Jane Goodall best known for doing?
a. She found the famous “Lucy” Australopithecus fossil.
b. She served as a consultant to the federal government of Canada on preventing
terrorist attacks.
c. She studied chimpanzees in their natural habitat.
d. She advised the Canadian government about how to provide daycare to immigrant
families.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
19. Which of the following best defines archaeology?
a. a branch of biological anthropology
b. a subfield of cultural anthropology
c. a branch of linguistic anthropology
d. a subfield of anthropology
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
20. What does an archaeologist endeavour to understand by studying material remains?
a. past cultural behaviour
b. the evolution of fossils
c. how ancient humans improved and advanced
d. how human society might evolve in the future
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10–11
BLM: HO
21. Some anthropologists excavate and study sites where the material remains of pre-contact peoples
are found. What is the term for this type of anthropologist?
a. cultural materialist
b. early historic archaeologist
c. prehistoric archaeologist
d. preliterate anthropologist
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
22. Some anthropologists study the material remains of people and historical documents about them.
What is the term for this type of anthropologist?
a. historic anthropologist
b. ethnographic historian
c. documentary anthropologist
d. historic archaeologist
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-6
23. Historians usually study the past through written sources. Which period does this limit them to?
a. the past 1,000 years
b. the past 5,000 years
c. the past 10,000 years
d. the past 50,000 years
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
24. The University of Arizona Garbage Project demonstrated that what people say and what they do
can differ dramatically. What is one of the specific examples of this phenomenon that these
investigators discovered?
a. Many empty packages of hair dye were found in the trash, even though no one
claimed to use hair colouring.
b. People claimed to take vitamins daily, but the number of empty vitamin bottles did
not support this claim.
c. No one said they drank Scotch, yet several empty Johnny Walker bottles were
found in the trash.
d. The amount of beer consumed, according to empty cans in the trash, was far higher
than people claimed.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
25. What did the University of Arizona Garbage Project discover during the course of a year in
which beef prices skyrocketed throughout the United States?
a. Most residents ate almost no beef.
b. Households actually wasted larger amounts of beef.
c. Men were more likely to increase their consumption of beef.
d. Beer consumption also increased significantly.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10
BLM: REM
26. Which of the following tasks is an archaeologist most likely to engage in?
a. study material remains to reconstruct past cultures
b. study present-day languages to reconstruct when they diverged from a parent stock
c. study ancient inscriptions to explain contemporary behaviour
d. study tool use among gorillas
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10–11
BLM: REM

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-7
27. What is archaeologist Robert McGhee’s position on the value of artifacts?
a. They can have great commercial value in the art market.
b. They are only of value to the descendants of the people who used them.
c. They should never be put in museums.
d. They are most valuable in that they provide knowledge about the people who used
and discarded them.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11
BLM: REM
28. Which branch of anthropology studies all aspects of human languages?
a. anthropological linguistics
b. historical linguistics
c. linguistic ethnography
d. ethnolinguistics
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11
BLM: REM
29. Which of the following would NOT be an area of research interest to linguistic anthropologists?
a. studying the way that language is a resource for developing culture
b. ranking languages according to their effectiveness in transmitting culture
c. tracing genealogical relationships among languages
d. examining how people use language to maintain social distinctiveness
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11–12
BLM: HO
30. Linguistic anthropologists can answer important questions about the past by looking at language.
Which of the following options represents a question that could be answered through historical
linguistic analysis?
a. calculating how long the speakers of a given language have lived in a certain
region
b. determining why languages began in one place and not in another
c. describing how modern speakers of a language are genetically related to one
another
d. calculating exactly how many languages existed in the past
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-8
31. What do descriptive linguists try to describe?
a. the patterns and structure of grammar and sentence formation in languages
b. how speakers use their language to relate to one another
c. how language changes the way people understand their surroundings
d. how rules of grammar evolved
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11–12
BLM: REM
32. Which of the following would be of particular interest to a sociolinguist?
a. the way sentences are formed
b. the sounds and gestures made by nonhuman animals
c. the evolution of grammar
d. how slang words are used in everyday English
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12
BLM: REM
33. What is a “culture-bound” theory?
a. a prediction that is bound to be fulfilled in a particular culture
b. a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture
c. a theory developed by a sociologist
d. a theory based on comparison of cultures
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12
BLM: REM
34. Which of the following activities would an applied anthropologist most likely NOT be involved
in?
a. persuading indigenous healers to discard their traditional methods of treating
illness in favour of modern medicine
b. providing mediation between members of an Aboriginal group and residents of a
nearby housing development who are in conflict over water rights
c. providing background information to First Nations and government agencies
during land claims negotiations
d. working with Aboriginal peoples to develop cultural awareness programs about
their heritage and history
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-9
35. Some applied archaeologists assess and excavate archaeological sites threatened by human
activity. What is the term for this sort of work?
a. historic archaeology
b. practical archaeology
c. cultural resource management
d. external relations management
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12
BLM: REM
36. Which of the following statements describes an important difference between sociology and
sociocultural anthropology?
a. Sociology develops theories to explain social behaviour; sociocultural
anthropology does not.
b. Sociology tends to study Western urban-industrial societies; sociocultural
anthropology studies societies of all types throughout the world.
c. Sociology is less susceptible than sociocultural anthropology to culture-bound
theories because it is rooted in scientifically based Western culture.
d. Sociology is both descriptive and comparative; sociocultural anthropology is only
comparative.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging REF: 12
BLM: HO
37. Which of the following topics would be of most interest to an ethnographer?
a. the study of non-Western societies
b. human behaviour in any specific culture
c. developing generalizations and rules about all human behaviour
d. explaining how two or more cultures deviate from the norm
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13–14
BLM: HO
38. Sociocultural anthropologists seek to understand the interrelatedness of sociocultural systems.
Which of the following is NOT an example of such a system?
a. emotional organization
b. economic organization
c. religious organization
d. political organization
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13–14
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-10
39. In today’s global community, what is the greatest value of anthropology?
a. It promotes ideals and values that everyone can accept and live by.
b. It promotes awareness and appreciation of cultural diversity.
c. It studies people who have not been corrupted or tainted by civilization and
technology.
d. It brings about change in the world.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13–14
BLM: REM
40. Which of the following best defines ethnology?
a. the collection of descriptive material on a specific culture
b. the comparative study of human and animal behaviour
c. the comparative study of patterns of human behaviour across contemporary
cultures
d. the study of languages through which culture is transmitted, shaped, and
experienced
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: REM
41. Which of the following is the best description of an ethnologist?
a. someone who studies female behaviour as it is distinguished from male behaviour
b. someone who studies cultures of the past to indicate cultural progression over time
c. someone who develops a science of culture by comparing many specific cultures
d. someone who studies primitive cultures
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13–14
BLM: HO
42. What is the term for in-depth descriptive studies of specific cultures?
a. ethnologies
b. ethnic anthologies
c. anthropologies
d. ethnographies
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: REM

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-11
43. Ethnography involves the collection of data about cultures. What does ethnology do with this
type of data?
a. organizes it
b. uses it for comparative study
c. bases experiments on it
d. confirms its accuracy
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: HO
44. Which of the following would be a useful source for doing ethnohistory?
a. the field notes of an ethnolinguist
b. data from contemporary subcultures
c. hieroglyphics documenting the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt
d. diaries of missionaries and traders
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: HO
45. Why is participant observation considered especially important to ethnographic research?
a. The anthropologist will have personal experience with the habits and customs of
the people being studied.
b. It protects the anthropologist from appearing foolish while gathering information
about a culture.
c. It provides the anthropologist with valuable insights into the culture without
having to know its language.
d. The people being studied will be unable to keep information a secret from the
ethnographer who is living with them and is therefore a part of their culture.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging REF: 13–14
BLM: HO
46. Which of the following is one of the most fundamental principles of traditional anthropological
research?
a. Ethnographic research is always scientifically objective and unbiased.
b. Ethnographers must live closely among the people in the cultures they are
studying.
c. While doing fieldwork, ethnographers are not influenced by their own emotions.
d. Anthropologists must shed their personal biases and prejudices when they engage
in fieldwork.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13–14
BLM: HO

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Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology
1-12
47. According to the text, why did ethnographer Hazel Weidman have considerable difficulty doing
fieldwork in Myanmar (Burma)?
a. She did not speak the language.
b. She was a woman.
c. Myanmar was not a democratically governed country.
d. She was a Westerner.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: REM
48. Anthropologists doing fieldwork investigate how all aspects of a culture relate to one another.
Which term best describes this approach?
a. holistic
b. ethnological
c. sociocultural
d. multidisciplinary
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13
BLM: REM
49. What role do key informants play when an anthropologist does fieldwork in an unfamiliar
culture?
a. They provide an outsider’s perspective for the anthropologist.
b. They help other members of the culture understand Western customs.
c. They help the ethnographer remain objective.
d. They help interpret whatever activities are occurring.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14
BLM: REM
50. Which type of study is ethnographic fieldwork most often associated with?
a. the study of wealthy elites
b. the study of North American society
c. the study of non-Western peoples
d. the study of the economically disadvantaged
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14–16
BLM: HO
51. Why do sociocultural anthropologists strongly encourage non-North American ethnographers to
do fieldwork in Canada?
a. They are often better-educated than Canadian ethnographers.
b. As outsiders, they may have insights that insiders might overlook.
c. They need the work.
d. Canadian ethnographers only focus on overseas work.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14–19
BLM: HO

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