1
1. The four fields of anthropology are cultural, biological, archaeology and
A. ethnography.
B. forensics.
C. linguistics.
D. paleoanthropology.
2. What are the traditional areas of focus within cultural anthropology?
A. cultural prehistory and applied anthropology.
B. forensic archaeology and descriptive linguistics.
C. ethnographic and ethnological research.
D. primatology and contemporary human variation.
3. The overall goals of anthropological research include this aspect of human biology:
A. mapping the genome of Homo sapiens.
B. describing human races.
C. description and analysis of the evolution of Homo sapiens.
D. assessing the influence of biochemistry on human behavioral evolution.
4. A primary goal of research in cultural anthropology includes describing
A. human races.
B. the origin and spread of human religions.
C. human geographic distribution.
D. cultural similarities and differences.
5. Anthropology is unique as a discipline because it
A. is holistic in its approach.
B. uses statistical methods.
C. collects data in the field.
D. uses the scientific method.

6. An object that is made by humans is called
A. an ecofact.
B. an artifact.
C. a site.
D. a midden.
7. What is meant by the "holistic" approach in anthropology?
A. entire cultures are studied and compared.
B. the entire time of human existence is studied.
C. human beings are viewed in the broadest context possible—biologically and culturally through
time.
D. cultures are studied using fieldwork and participant observation, together with a perspective of
cultural relativism.
8. Holism in anthropology means that
A. humans are included in the study of ecological systems.
B. whole societies are examined in an evolutionary context.
C. the entire time of human existence is studied.
D. humans are studied biologically and culturally through time.
9. Holism, as used in anthropology, may be characterized as
A. an archaeological excavation pit.
B. the study of a single culture.
C. a broad, integrated perspective.
D. the comparative approach.
10. On what do humanistic anthropologists focus their studies?
A. The application of the scientific method to the study of humans.
B. The use of the comparative method when studying cultures.
C. The uniqueness of every individual in a culture.
D. The common behavioral patterns of a society.

11. The description of a single society based on fieldwork is called
A. an ethnography.
B. an ethnology.
C. a comparative analysis.
D. a cultural anthropology.
12. The approach that compares and analyzes cultural data with a goal of making general statements
about human cultural adaptations is called
A. ethnography.
B. ethnology.
C. cultural relativism.
D. holism.
13. Ethnological studies include a
A. description of a society based on fieldwork.
B. systematic study of cultural features and artifacts.
C. report of the culture's impact on the environment.
D. comparison of entire cultures or a single facet of cultures.
14. Biological anthropology includes the following areas of study:
A. human fossils, artifacts, and ecofacts.
B. artifacts, human fossils, and forensics.
C. primates, population genetics, and human fossils.
D. artifacts, primates, and human fossils.
15. An attitude of ethnocentrism toward another group
A. encourages friendship and understanding.
B. aids understanding between cultures.
C. prevents doing ethnology.
D. prevents understanding of other cultures.

16. A positive adaptive value of ethnocentrism is it may
A. create greater understanding of others.
B. result in individuals becoming cultural relativists.
C. result in a group becoming independent.
D. create social cohesion for the group.
17. Making value judgments based on your own culture when describing another culture is called
cultural
A. relativism.
B. ecology.
C. ethnocentrism.
D. customs.
18. An anthropologist who views and evaluates aspects of a culture from within the context of that
culture is said to be using which of the following perspective?
A. Cultural ethnocentrism.
B. Ethnographic analysis.
C. Cultural relativism.
D. Cultural differences.
19. You have just written a paper titled "The Anatomical Evidences for Early Human Bipedalism." You
are what type of anthropologist?
A. Ethnographer.
B. Ethnologist.
C. Archaeologist.
D. Paleoanthropologist.
20. One section group that is NOT found in the American Anthropological Association is the
A. Association for Africanist Anthropology.
B. Council for South American Anthropology.
C. Society of Medical Anthropology.
D. Culture and Agriculture.

21. Goldstein's study of polyandry by Tibetans living in Nepal showed that polyandry
A. resulted from the practice of infanticide.
B. prevented starvation.
C. prevented male-owned lands from being split.
D. was prohibited by religious beliefs.
22. Criteria that are used to judge the worth of a scientific hypothesis include all of the following
EXCEPT
A. whether the hypothesis explains things.
B. whether the hypothesis is relevant.
C. whether the hypothesis is compatible with established theories.
D. whether the hypothesis is testable.
23. Research in anthropological archaeology includes:
A. classical archaeology and cultural resource management (CRM).
B. prehistoric archaeology and ethnoarchaeology.
C. paleoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology.
D. classical archaeology and paleoanthropology.
24. A cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologist's work focuses on
A. writing environmental impact reports.
B. excavating prehistoric sites.
C. researching historical archives.
D. learning the techniques to make stone tools.
25. In William Rathje's garbology project that focused on household waste, front door interviews
found 15 percent of respondents saying that they consumed beer. The trash discard from the
same area showed what percentage of household's consuming beer?
A. 80 percent
B. 60 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 20 percent

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26. I am an anthropologist who has just completed the excavation of a small North American gold
mining camp occupied in the Nineteenth Century. What type of archaeologist am I?
A. classical archaeologist
B. historical archaeologist
C. prehistoric archaeologist
D. experimental archaeologist
27. I am an anthropologist who has just completed a paper on the syntax of the Hopi language. I am
known as
A. a historical linguist.
B. an ethnolinguist.
C. a descriptive linguist.
D. a sociolinguist.
28. Linguistics is a subfield of anthropology that
A. focuses on the mechanics of language.
B. evaluates the relationship between language and social relationships.
C. reconstructs the history of language.
D. All of the above.
29. Many people, including some anthropologists, argue that we should not hold positions of cultural
relativism because
A. some cultures are more advanced than others.
B. human rights violations, such as violence against women, are universally wrong.
C. universal human values cannot be applied equally.
D. less advanced cultures will be offended by this view.
30. I have just written a paper on the knee joint of the early human fossil known as "Lucy." What type
of anthropologist am I?
A. paleontologist
B. primatologist
C. paleoanthropologist
D. prehistoric archaeologist

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31. Contemporary human variation studies undertaken by anthropologists include all of the following
subjects EXCEPT
A. DNA.
B. disease.
C. nutritional deficiencies.
D. fossils.
32. Archaeological features include the following types of evidence:
A. soils and plants.
B. roadways and fire hearths.
C. projectile points and stone artifacts.
D. fossil remains and pollen.
33. Forensic anthropologists apply their knowledge to legal issues by studying what materials?
A. Hair samples recovered from crime victim clothing.
B. Blood splatter patterns at a crime scene.
C. Bullets and bullet casings at a crime scene.
D. Skeletal remains at an airline crash site.
34. "Floorwalkers heel" is a condition that is identified by forensic anthropologists based on the
A. heel print showing lateral wear.
B. unusual flattening of the heel bone caused by excessive walking and standing.
C. unusual flattening of the metatarsal bones due to the pressure from the heel.
D. bony spurs on the heel caused by walking on hard surfaces.
35. The idea that any aspect of a culture must be viewed and evaluated within the context of that
culture is called
A. cultural ethnocentrism.
B. cultural relativism.
C. cultural ethnography.
D. cultural holism.

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36. One of the key features of the scientific method is
A. using statistical methods.
B. lab work.
C. formulating hypotheses.
D. background investigations.
37. Anthropologists seek to explain human cultural behavior through the use of
A. cultural relativism.
B. the scientific method.
C. fieldwork.
D. cultural resource management.
38. Anthropologist Lawrence Kuznar favors using the scientific method in anthropology because
A. things can be proved through scientific investigation.
B. things can be disproved through scientific investigation.
C. scientific investigation yields statistical data for analysis.
D. more accurate knowledge can be gained through time.
39. Briefly describe two goals for anthropological research.
40. Contrast ethnography and ethnology.

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41. List three types of archaeology and explain what each investigates.
42. Explain why the following statement is ethnocentric or relativistic: "The Inuit children have the
disgusting habit of eating raw fish eyes."
43. Explain why the following statement is ethnocentric or relativistic: "Village men were blowing a
hallucinogenic drug up their noses when we arrived at the village. Green mucus ran freely from
their noses."
44. Briefly discuss one reason cultural relativism should not be applied universally.

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49. Discuss one specific way the anthropological concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
can be applied to one of the following: your neighborhood, your place of work, your child's school,
and your favorite sporting event.
50. What are the four fields of anthropology, and what kinds of phenomena do anthropologists
working in these areas study?
51. Discuss how anthropology is unique when compared with other disciplines.
52. Explain what is meant by a holistic approach to the study of humankind.

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1 Key
1. The four fields of anthropology are cultural, biological, archaeology and
A. ethnography.
B. forensics.
C. linguistics.
D. paleoanthropology.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #1
2. What are the traditional areas of focus within cultural anthropology?
A. cultural prehistory and applied anthropology.
B. forensic archaeology and descriptive linguistics.
C. ethnographic and ethnological research.
D. primatology and contemporary human variation.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #2
3. The overall goals of anthropological research include this aspect of human biology:
A. mapping the genome of Homo sapiens.
B. describing human races.
C. description and analysis of the evolution of Homo sapiens.
D. assessing the influence of biochemistry on human behavioral evolution.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #3
4. A primary goal of research in cultural anthropology includes describing
A. human races.
B. the origin and spread of human religions.
C. human geographic distribution.
D. cultural similarities and differences.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #4

Loading page 14...

5. Anthropology is unique as a discipline because it
A. is holistic in its approach.
B. uses statistical methods.
C. collects data in the field.
D. uses the scientific method.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #5
6. An object that is made by humans is called
A. an ecofact.
B. an artifact.
C. a site.
D. a midden.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #6
7. What is meant by the "holistic" approach in anthropology?
A. entire cultures are studied and compared.
B. the entire time of human existence is studied.
C. human beings are viewed in the broadest context possible—biologically and culturally
through time.
D. cultures are studied using fieldwork and participant observation, together with a perspective
of cultural relativism.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #7
8. Holism in anthropology means that
A. humans are included in the study of ecological systems.
B. whole societies are examined in an evolutionary context.
C. the entire time of human existence is studied.
D. humans are studied biologically and culturally through time.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #8

Loading page 15...

9. Holism, as used in anthropology, may be characterized as
A. an archaeological excavation pit.
B. the study of a single culture.
C. a broad, integrated perspective.
D. the comparative approach.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #9
10. On what do humanistic anthropologists focus their studies?
A. The application of the scientific method to the study of humans.
B. The use of the comparative method when studying cultures.
C. The uniqueness of every individual in a culture.
D. The common behavioral patterns of a society.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #10
11. The description of a single society based on fieldwork is called
A. an ethnography.
B. an ethnology.
C. a comparative analysis.
D. a cultural anthropology.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #11
12. The approach that compares and analyzes cultural data with a goal of making general
statements about human cultural adaptations is called
A. ethnography.
B. ethnology.
C. cultural relativism.
D. holism.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #12
13. Ethnological studies include a
A. description of a society based on fieldwork.
B. systematic study of cultural features and artifacts.
C. report of the culture's impact on the environment.
D. comparison of entire cultures or a single facet of cultures.
Lenkeit - Chapter 01 #13

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