Human Evolution And Culture: Highlights Of Anthropology, 6th Edition Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Archaeology is a subfield of1)A)cultural anthropology.B)history.C)primatology.D)linguistics.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)2)The ________ is interested in what people speak about and how they interact conversationally.2)A)sociolinguistB)ethnologistC)historical linguistD)anthropological linguistAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)The study of anthropology may be useful for all of the following except3)A)giving us a sense of humility about our own culture's failings.B)giving us a better understanding of humankind.C)helping us determine which culture traits are best.D)helping us avoid misunderstandings between people.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)4)The ________ seeks to understand how and why peoples of today and the recent past differ in theircustomary ways of thinking and acting.4)A)ethnographerB)archaeologistC)primatologistD)ethnologistAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)5)Which of the following is least likely to interest an archaeologist?5)A)ancient garbage heapsB)dinosaur bonesC)ancient templesD)pieces of ancient potteryAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)1

6)What explanation did American educators give when they discovered African Americanschoolchildren rarely drank milk?6)A)milk was only drunk at homeB)a dislike for the flavor of milkC)a lack of money or educationD)milk intoleranceAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)7)The distinctive feature of cultural anthropology is its interest in how all aspects of human existencevary from ________.7)A)society to societyB)biology to biologyC)location to locationD)culture to cultureAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)8)Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans are all members of the order of8)A)primates.B)Homo sapiens.C)humans.D)primatologists.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)9)A human paleontologist would be least interested in9)A)cultural systems.B)sociological relationships.C)primates.D)fossil evidence of humans.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)10)John Whiting's theory is that a long postpartum sex taboo may be an adaptation tokwashiorkor, adisease of ________.10)A)protein deficiencyB)enzyme synthesisC)reproductive successD)meiosisAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)2

11)The study of how languages change through time and how they may be related is11)A)structural linguistics.B)sociolinguistics.C)ethnolinguistics.D)historical linguistics.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)12)Anthropology is literally the study of12)A)human population patterns.B)the products of human societies.C)humans.D)human history.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)13)An ethnohistorian would13)A)work in the field for long periods of time.B)prepare lengthy reports on extinct cultures.C)study only past cultures, much as archaeologists do.D)study the way in which cultures have changed over time.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)14)Compared to anthropologists of previous years, an anthropologist today is more likely to14)A)do fieldwork alone.B)investigate many different aspects of life of the people studied.C)study a geographically more distant society.D)specialize in one certain topic or area.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)15)Anthropology includes all of the following except15)A)when humans first appeared on the earth.B)why contemporary peoples have different cultures.C)how insect colonies are organized.D)how humans vary biologically.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)3

16)From primate studies, biologists try to discover characteristics that are distinctly16)A)behavioral.B)physical.C)human.D)primate.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)17)Unlike archaeologists, ethnologists17)A)are not concerned with the ways cultures change over time but rather in the ways theyfunction in the present.B)are not interested in culture as a whole, but rather in its constituent parts (institutions, socialgroups, etc.).C)are not interested in past cultures.D)draw on a database principally of observations and interviews with living people.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)18)Compared to the historian, the archaeologist is18)A)more likely to analyze written records of ancient societies.B)less likely to analyze written records of ancient societies.C)more likely to study cultures older than 5000 years.D)more likely to study how societies change over time.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)To understand better the biological variations observable among contemporary humanpopulations, biological anthropologists use the principles and techniques of at least ________ otherdisciplines.19)A)4B)2C)5D)3Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)20)To transform theoretical predictions into statements that might be verified, a researcher providesa(n) ________ of each of the concepts or variables mentioned in the prediction.20)A)theoretical constructB)measurementC)operational definitionD)statistical associationAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

21)Applied anthropologists practice21)A)in the field of ethnology.B)in the field of paleontology.C)in all subfields of anthropology.D)in the field of cultural anthropology.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)22)Which of the following isnotusually considered one of the four main subfields of anthropology?22)A)anthropological linguisticsB)applied anthropologyC)archaeologyD)biological anthropologyAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)23)Unlike ethnologists, ethnographers23)A)are interested in "primitive" peoples.B)compare societies cross-culturally.C)describe a given society based on their own fieldwork.D)study societies with writing systems.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)24)The belief that it is impossible to account for human behavior scientifically is ________.24)A)an accepted generalityB)theoretically implausibleC)a self-fulfilling notionD)impossible to quantifyAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)25)Anthropology takes a(n) ________ approach that includes a wide geographic and historical range.25)A)topicalB)holisticC)personalD)culturalAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)5

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26)Unlike other linguists, anthropological linguists are primarily interested in26)A)the historical connections of different languages to each other.B)the ways in which language relates to beliefs and behaviors.C)unwritten languages.D)the way language is used in different social contexts.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)27)Which of the following would not be considered part of cultural anthropology?27)A)human paleontologyB)ethnologyC)anthropological linguisticsD)archaeologyAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)28)An ethnographer would28)A)make many cross-cultural comparisons.B)work with applied anthropologists in developing foreign aid projects.C)work directly with historians on various projects.D)work in the field for long periods of time.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)Which of the following may be trained in any or all of the subfields of anthropology?29)A)ethnologistB)applied or practicing anthropologistC)biological anthropologistD)political anthropologistAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)30)The study of how language is used in social contexts is called30)A)structural linguistics.B)historical linguistics.C)descriptive linguistics.D)sociolinguistics.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)6

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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.31)Describe the four fields of anthropology. How do they relate to the holistic approach taken by the field ofanthropology?Answer:32)As archaeology deals with the past, what can archaeological knowledge do for humanity in the present andfuture?Answer:33)How is anthropology relevant to modern life (perhaps your own)?Answer:34)Describe applied anthropology. Give an example of it from each of the four fields of anthropology.Answer:35)How can an understanding of anthropology help all of us understand each other?Answer:36)How can historical linguistics help us understand human migration patterns?Answer:37)How is anthropology different from other behavioral disciplines?Answer:38)What is archaeology? How does it differ from ethnohistory?Answer:39)Why does simplicity of technology by a particular group not necessarily imply backwardness? Use an exampleof a group you have read about.Answer:7

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)The process of treating archaeological remains to stop or reverse decay and deterioration is called1)A)conservation.B)reconstruction.C)analysis.D)excavation.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)2)Sites are known and suspected locations of human activity in the past that contain2)A)wealth beyond our dreams.B)a record of that activity.C)human buildings.D)none of the above.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)Excavation has two goals: to find every scrap of evidence (or a statistically representative sample)about the past that a given site holds, and to3)A)prove that evolution is a fact.B)record the horizontal and vertical locations of that evidence with precision.C)find the buried treasure there.D)find the missing link.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)4)The remote sensing technique that is based upon the fact that the earth has a strong magnetic fieldthat varies by what is beneath the ground is called4)A)excavation.B)soil interface radar.C)geomagnetic sensing.D)ground penetrating radar.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)5)Which of the following is not an example of a feature?5)A)a middenB)a hearthC)a stone axeD)a buildingAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)1

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6)The "Ice Man," found in the Italian Alps, was about ________ years old.6)A)10,000B)40,000C)2 millionD)5,000Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)7)________ makes use of the principle that if an object is heated at some point to a high temperature,it will release all the trapped electrons it held.7)A)Paleomagnetic datingB)Fission-track datingC)Thermoluminescence datingD)Electron spin resonance datingAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)8)________ dates rocks in terms of the sequence of geomagnetic patterns in them.8)A)Paleomagnetic datingB)Electron spin resonance datingC)Thermoluminescence datingD)Fission-track datingAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)9)________ can sometimes be dated by measuring the buildup of patina over it/them.9)A)HearthsB)Rock artC)PotteryD)ObsidianAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)10)The study of site disturbance and destruction is called10)A)pedestrian.B)remote sensing.C)taphonomy.D)geomagnetics.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)11)________ are simply holes dug by humans that are later filled with garbage or eroded soil.11)A)PitsB)DumpsC)Living floorsD)HearthsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)2

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12)To offset their partial destruction, archaeologists are ethically obligated to12)A)hire security guards to protect the site.B)publish the results of their work.C)notify governmental agencies.D)sell artifacts to museums.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)13)Much of the evidence for primate evolution comes from13)A)skin.B)skulls.C)teeth.D)feet.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)14)________ has been extremely useful in East Africa, where volcanic events have occurred frequentlysince the Miocene.14)A)Uranium-series datingB)Fission-track datingC)Potassium-argon datingD)Paleomagnetic datingAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)15)Pollen found at an archaeological site is a good example of a(n)15)A)feature.B)fossil.C)ecofact.D)artifact.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)16)Which of the following create(s) sites?16)A)natural processes through which soils are built upB)volcanic activityC)erosionD)all of the aboveAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)3

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17)A midden is a17)A)palace.B)bog.C)garbage dump.D)none of the above.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)18)Radiocarbon has a half-life of ________ years.18)A)70B)5,730C)710D)2,720Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)Artifact analysis includes all of the following except19)A)discovering its use.B)metric analysis.C)putting a monetary value on it.D)establishing typologies.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)20)The earliest evidence archaeologists have of brewing dates it to20)A)1900-1950 A.D.B)3500-3100 B.C.C)10000-9500 B.C.D)6500-6000 B.C.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)21)The two general categories of dating are absolute and21)A)relative.B)chronometric.C)uranium.D)radiocarbon.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)22)Pedestrian survey is22)A)high tech.B)low tech.C)both A and B.D)neither A nor B.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

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23)Archaeologists and paleoanthropologists rely on all of the following types of evidence to discoverthe past except23)A)artifacts.B)features.C)ecofacts.D)books.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)24)Potassium argon dating can be used to date samples from 5,000 years up to24)A)300,000 years old.B)3 million years old.C)30 million years old.D)3 billion years old.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)25)When archaeologists finish a research project, their goal is25)A)to identify and understand general trends in human biological and cultural evolution.B)to test specific explanations about human evolution and behavior.C)to create a culture history.D)all of the above.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)26)The most common artifacts of the past are26)A)iron tools.B)stone tools.C)wooden tools.D)plastic tools.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)27)Fossils are27)A)particularly informative about human biological evolution.B)rare.C)common.D)both A and B.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)5

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28)Compared with paleoanthropologists, archaeologists are more concerned with recovering intact28)A)ecofacts.B)features.C)fossils.D)artifacts.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)Humans began making ceramics about29)A)20,000 years ago.B)10,000 years ago.C)5,000 years ago.D)3,000 years ago.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)30)Humans began using stone tools more than30)A)five million years ago.B)ten million years ago.C)twelve million years ago.D)two and a half million years ago.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.31)How is the study of features different from the study of fossils, artifacts, and ecofacts?Answer:32)List and discuss the ways in which sites are created.Answer:33)What can paleoanthropologists learn from fossils? How do they learn these things?Answer:34)How does an archaeologist decide what method or methods of dating to use in specific cases?Answer:35)What do archaeologists learn from artifacts and how do they learn these things?Answer:36)Provide an example and discussion of the importance of analyzing archaeological material in context.Answer:37)List and compare the four kinds of evidence that archaeologists and paleoanthropologists use in learning aboutthe past.Answer:6

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