Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank

Name: Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank
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Need to practice before your exam? Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 1st Edition Test Bank is filled with relevant test questions and answers.

Charlotte Kelly

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1. Which of the following best describes the mind?
a. the basis of rational thought b. the hidden instinctual self
c. the embodiment of the soul d. the brain and its activities
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
2. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called ____.
a. introspection b. psychology
c. behaviorism d. functionalism
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
3. The word psychology is a combination of two Greek words: psyche (or psuche), meaning “the soul,” and logos,
meaning “the ____.”
a. law of b. expression of
c. study of d. representation of
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
4. Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after taking a bite of
broccoli. His facial expression is an example of ____.
a. a psychosomatic response b. a behavior
c. an integrated mental process d. introspection
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
5. Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior has been an essential part of the
discipline that allows for ____.
a. making essential comparisons with humans
b. understanding animal–human interactions
c. understanding behavior from an evolutionary standpoint
d. designing better psychoanalytical therapies
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
6. A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, fearful
of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of

their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.
a. extroversion b. transference
c. objectivism d. introspection
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
7. It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not lend itself
well to ____.
a. psychoanalysis b. the scientific method
c. case studies d. cognitive therapy
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
8. New and innovative methods have allowed psychologists to observe brain activity and revisit questions of mental
processes.What quality was introduced to psychological research through the use of these methods?
a. objectivity b. subjectivity
c. generalizability d. conclusiveness
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Is Psychology?
9. Kevin Boyack and his colleagues generated a map of sciences, similar to a map of friendship networks on social media,
by using ____.
a. the number of doctoral dissertations in each field
b. the titles of journal articles
c. reference lists in journal articles
d. search terms related to psychology
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Why Is Psychology a Hub Science?
10. The mapping done by Boyack and colleagues shows that psychology is one of the major hub sciences, with strong
connections to the ____.
a. medical sciences, the social sciences, and education
b. humanities, education, and the medical sciences
c. social sciences, the medical sciences, and the humanities
d. medical sciences, education, and philosophy
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Why Is Psychology a Hub Science?

11. Psychology as a hub science tells us that ____.
a. psychological research is well funded
b. the general population is intrigued by the study of human behavior
c. psychology is one of the oldest disciplines
d. many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: Why Is Psychology a Hub Science?
12. As a scientific discipline, psychology dates back to ____.
a. ancient Greece b. the Roman Empire
c. the Renaissance era d. the 1870s
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
13. The psychology family tree includes two major roots: ____.
a. biology and philosophy b. medicine and the social sciences
c. anthropology and physics d. philosophy and the natural sciences
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
14. The discipline that systematically examines basic concepts, including the source of knowledge, is called ____.
a. psychology b. history
c. science d. philosophy
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
15. Any science that studies the __________ events that occur in nature is called a natural science.
a. spiritual and religious b. physical and biological
c. applied and practical d. developmental and static
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
16. Philosophers and psychologists have a shared interest in, among other things, ______.
a. helping others gain self-confidence b. anatomy of the nervous system
c. the scientific method d. the origin of knowledge

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
17. One of the earliest philosophers to forward the idea that all knowledge is gained through sensory experience was
________, who lived from 384 to 322 BCE .
a. Kant b. Plato
c. Aristotle d. Descartes
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
18. LaKeita and Monica are having a discussion about the nature of human ideas and emotions. LaKeita states, “You
know that we are all born with a basic structure from which all other ideas and emotions develop!” Her belief that ideas
and emotions are inborn most closely resembles the beliefs of philosopher ________.
a. Rene Descartes b. David Hume
c. Aristotle d. Plato
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
19. Ancient Greek philosophers ____.
a. were exclusively monists
b. provided natural explanations for their observations
c. were exclusively dualists
d. relied on the supernatural to explain their observations
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
20. The major precept of the British philosophical school of empiricism was that
a. the “mind” and the “body” are two separate and disconnected entities.
b. human beings are generally good and innately move in positive directions.
c. research is not at all valuable unless there are appropriate statistics to support the conclusions.
d. the mind is a “blank slate” at birth that gets filled with ideas gained by observing the world.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
21. Which of the following is a (incorrect) belief that was held by Aristotle?
a. The human soul is located deep within one’s bowels.

b. Reflexes are an indication that one has an underdeveloped brain.
c. The mind is located in one’s heart.
d. People of different races represented different “species” of human beings.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
22. Most philosophers beginning with Aristotle commonly believed that all knowledge is ____.
a. gained through sensory experience
b. innate or inborn
c. built upon from simple schema present at birth
d. acquired by integrating environmental cues with innate skills
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
23. Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind?
a. Infants acquire language primarily by drawing from innate mechanisms.
b. Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences.
c. Infants with similar genetic backgrounds will acquire language at similar rates.
d. Infants are born with varying degrees of aptitude for acquiring language.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
24. American political thought was profoundly influenced by ____.
a. behaviorism
b. psychoanalysis
c. dualism
d. empiricism
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
25. Which of the following best describes how contemporary psychology views the mind?
a. Sam was just born smart, though no one else in his family seems to share his intelligence.
b. Sam must have gotten the “smart gene” from his mother: He never studies but gets good grades.
c. Sam was sent to the best schools and thus became a highly intelligent individual.
d. Sam was alert and responsive as a baby, studied diligently in school, and was admitted to a top-ranked college.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply

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REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
26. Brindel is a contemporary psychologist who has been examining the “nature versus nurture” question. Which of the
following would she be most likely to conclude?
a. We are solely a product of our
surroundings and environment.
b. The mind is a result of interactions between inborn characteristics
and everyday experiences.
c. We are nothing more than the sum
of our genes.
d. Psychology should not concern itself with this question, as neither
nature nor nurture can be studied in a scientific manner.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
27. Which of the following is the best summary of how the study of psychology moved away from the study of
philosophy?
a. Psychology explores individual rather than global phenomena.
b. Psychology employes the scientific method.
c. Psychology is interested in the use of therapeutic techniques.
d. Psychology explores the roots of abnormal behaviors.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
28. As many as 7,000 years ago, healers used a technique called ________. It involved boring a hole into the patient’s
skull and was used for a variety of ailments including headaches and hallucinations.
a. exorcism
b. enucleation
c. trepanation
d. renalation
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
29. In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology?
a. by studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
b. by studying hormone imbalances and developing the scientific method
c. by studying the nervous system and developing diagnostic tools
d. by studying hormone imbalances and developing diagnostic tools
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
30. Dr. Jones is an archaeologist who studies the skulls of human beings who lived thousands of years ago. He has found
that many such skulls had circular holes where part of the skull was missing, and reads that this may have been a form of

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medical treatment called trepanation. Dr. Jones also concludes that some of these patients must have survived this surgical
procedure. Which evidence would support this conclusion?
a. drawings and photographs of people who survived the procedure living with a reduction in their symptoms
b. writings that were preserved from those who underwent and survived the procedure
c. the existence of cracks leading up to and surrounding the surgical skull hole
d. growth of the skull bones after the procedure
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
31. Beginning in the 17th and 18th centuries, with new technologies including the light microscope, scientists began to
make a series of important new discoveries showing that ____.
a. a single nerve cell carries one type of information
b. nerve cells use electrical impulses to transmit signals
c. the mind works in isolation from the rest of the body
d. chemical messengers facilitate communication in the brain
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
32. Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on ____ provided further evidence that the mind had a physical basis.
a. dissection and human anatomy b. the range of human hearing
c. the mind–body dichotomy d. the speed of nerve conduction
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
33. Contrary to popular belief during his time, Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on nerve conduction showed that ____.
a. different brain regions work together to integrate information
b. specific regions of the brain control specific behaviors
c. nerve conduction is quick and in all practicality, instantaneous
d. behavior is not instantaneous
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: What Are Psychology’s Roots?
34. Jake trips; he knocks his elbow against the edge of the door jamb while simultaneously stubbing his toe on a chair.
Based on the work of von Helmholtz’s, which of the following is likely to occur?
a. The intensity

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POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: What Are Psycholog’s Roots?
35. The first true psychologist was ____. He was a research assistant to Hermann von Helmholtz, and his ideas provided
the foundation for what would later be called structuralism.
a. Edward Titchener b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. Max Wertheimer d. Kurt Koffka
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
36. The first official psychological experiment involved ____.
a. observing the behavior of cats when escaping puzzle boxes
b. measuring how quickly, after hearing a ball drop onto a platform, a person could respond by striking a
telegraph key
c. the salivation of dogs in anticipation of food in response to the arrival of the handler
d. the use of a stroboscope to control the timing of the appearance of two black lines against a white background
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
37. While writing a research paper examining the theoretical view of Wilhelm Wundt, Jackson notes that Wundt felt that
the mind constructs an overall perception ____.
a. based on prior life experiences
b. based on its relationship to evolutionary survival
c. by perceiving complete forms within their context
d. out of building blocks made up of separate sensations and emotional responses
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
38. Wilhelm Wundt’s student, Edward Titchener, developed an approach in which the mind is broken into the smallest
elements of mental experience. What was this called?
a. structuralism b. functionalism
c. behaviorism d. humanism
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
39. Titchener’s approach to psychology paralleled which of the following trends of his day?
a. the development of graduate programs in mathematics
b. the movement for women’s suffrage

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c. efforts in chemistry to break molecules into elements
d. the use of light in Impressionist art
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
40. Which of the following describes Wundt’s use of introspection as an experimental technique?
a. The participants in his study focused on internal thoughts and feelings about their competence while
performing a task.
b. The participants in his study drew from their internal thoughts and feelings as they described an object in
detail.
c. The participants in his study pressed a telegraph key as soon as they heard a ball drop onto a platform,
indicating their internal state.
d. The participants in his study used mental building block constructs to describe their perception of an object.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
41. Acknowledging that an experience is different from the sum of its elements is reflective of ____.
a. psychodynamic theory b. Gestalt psychology
c. structuralism d. functionalism
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
42. The group of early 20th century German psychologists who founded Gestalt psychology included Kurt Koffka, Max
Wertheimer, and ____.
a. Wilhelm Wundt b. William James
c. Wolfgang Köhler d. Ulric Neisser
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
43. The Gestalt psychologists believed that breaking a “whole” perception into its building blocks, as advocated by the
structuralists, would result in the loss of ____.
a. important psychological information b. fundamental intellect
c. learned consciousness d. irrational behaviors
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
44. Which of the following proverbs best describes Gestalt theory?

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a. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
b. The more things change, the more they stay the same.
c. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
d. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
45. The letter B and the number 13 might appear to be very similar; in fact, the only real difference between them is the
space between the left and right sides of each figure. Who would be most likely to describe this difference as being caused
by the context of the letters or numbers that come before and after the image?
a. William, who is a functionalist b. Max, who is a Gestalt psychologist
c. Ziggy, who is a psychoanalytic psychologist d. Terry, who is a cognitive psychologist
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
46. What is the approach to psychology that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival?
a. behaviorism b. functionalism
c. humanism d. structuralism
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
47. Functionalism emerged partly in response to the publication of ____.
a. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens
b. The Prince and the Pauper, by Mark Twain
c. The Origin of the Species, by Charles Darwin
d. Far from the Madding Crowd, by Thomas Hardy
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
48. Who is the American psychologist who proposed the functionalist approach and whose textbook, Principles of
Psychology, dominated the field of psychology for 50 years after its publication?
a. Sigmund Freud b. B. F. Skinner
c. Abraham Maslow d. William James
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science

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49. Throughout his discussions of mental processes and behavior, James emphasized the role of ____.
a. environment b. evolution
c. abandonment d. nurture
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
50. William James’ impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that functionalism ____.
a. was absorbed into mainstream psychology
b. became a separate discipline
c. bridged the gap between philosophy and psychology
d. bridged the gap between structuralism and Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
51. An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors is called ____.
a. functionalism b. structuralism
c. behaviorism d. humanism
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
52. As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to studies using ____.
a. animals b. children
c. adults d. males
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
53. A leading behaviorist who first explored classical conditioning is ____.
a. Edward Thorndike b. B. F. Skinner
c. John B. Watson d. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
54. The salivation of dogs in Pavlov’s experiments was significant because it ____.
a. emphasized conscious thought
b. demonstrated the ability to learn to anticipate future events as a survival advantage
c. indicated that intelligence is innate

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d. demonstrated that the ability to smell food prior to its arrival is a highly developed sense
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
55. Which of the following is least likely to be an example of classical conditioning?
a. A child hears a police siren for the first time and cries.
b. A whiff of perfume on a crowded subway triggers a memory of a prior love.
c. A dog sits upon sight or smell of a treat.
d. A former soldier cringes at the sound of an airplane overhead.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
56. John B. Watson was ____.
a. part of the cognitive revolution b. a leading humanist
c. a leading behaviorist d. one of Freud’s disciples
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
57. Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson’s views regarding human behavior?
a. Some children are born with artistic talent; others are not.
b. I can raise a child to be an artist if he or she has at least a small amount of talent and interest.
c. Very few children actually have the skill and discipline to become artists.
d. I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of his or her tendencies.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
58. Watson changed the goal of psychology from Wundt’s desire to understand consciousness to the ____.
a. explication of the unconscious b. the study of observable behavior
c. understanding of cognition d. analysis of the whole beyond the parts
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
59. Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of

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POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
60. In Thorndike’s experiment on trial and error learning, the cat would escape a puzzle box faster and faster on
progressive trials. In other words, the cat ____.
a. acquired faster nerve impulses on successive trials
b. became more physically fit
c. memorized the solution to the puzzle
d. repeated effective behaviors and abandoned ineffective ones
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
61. B. F. Skinner, a leading behaviorist who explored operant conditioning, believed that inner, private states such as
thinking and feeling existed and ____.
a. should be analyzed based on introspection
b. viewed them as behaviors that followed the same rules as public behaviors
c. viewed them as behaviors that should be attended to through psychodynamic therapy
d. are a part of what makes a person inherently human and good
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
62. Skinner generalized his findings to complex human behaviors even though his subject pool was limited to ____.
a. rats and pigeons b. children
c. graduate students d. dogs and cats
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
63. Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
a. Dr. Monson provides humane living conditions for the mice in his research laboratory.
b. Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a 5-mile run.
c. Sandra is learning a new surgical procedure by observing several operations performed by other physicians.
d. Dylan is delaying vaccinations for his young son because of his concerns regarding autism.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
64. By the 1950s, the

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a. psychodynamic theory b. client-centered therapy
c. a new appreciation of humanism d. a cognitive revolution
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
65. Who is a leading cognitive psychologist?
a. Carl Rogers b. Jean Piaget
c. Ulric Neisser d. Edward Thorndike
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
66. Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided
studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving?
a. client-centered therapy b. self-actualization
c. cognition d. study of the id
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
67. Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
a. Children acquire language in response to parental approval.
b. Children are born with distinct physical features that facilitate learning the language of their parents.
c. Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
d. Children acquire language in response to being understood.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
68. Many of the big questions tackled by behaviorists are now examined through the lens of the ____ perspective.
a. cognitive or biological b. structural or historical
c. evolutionary or cross-cultural d. psychodynamic or humanistic
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
69. With the exception of occasional bursts of insight from the Egyptians and Greeks, the most common view of
psychological disorders over the course of history has been that they____.
a. originated in childhood from repressive parenting
b. resulted from the actions of evil spirits or other external, magical forces

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c. originated from guilt for condemned behaviors
d. resulted from malfunctions of the human body
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
70. Between the17th and 19th centuries, supernatural explanations for psychological disorders began to give way to two
scientific approaches: ____.
a. functionalism and behaviorism
b. a cognitive model and a behavioral model
c. a medical model and a psychological model
d. psychodynamic theory and humanism
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
71. Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching doorknobs, and being in crowded
public spaces, such as subway cars. He washes his hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has recently prescribed an
antidepressant to increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological disorders does this exemplify?
a. the psychotherapeutic model b. the medical model
c. the psychological model d. the self-actualization model
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
72. Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future, and is
easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a social worker to
connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to psychological disorders does this
exemplify?
a. the psychological model b. the behavioral model
c. the self-actualization model d. the medical model
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
73. Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis, psychological roots
of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
a. Abraham Maslow b. Carl Rogers
c. Sigmund Freud d. Noam Chomsky
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?

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