Drugs, Behaviour, and Society 2nd Canadian Edition Test Bank

Name: Drugs, Behaviour, and Society 2nd Canadian Edition Test Bank
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1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. What were the questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much introduced to do?
A. Understand the dependence potential of a drug.
B. Help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug use is a problem.
C. Determine the toxicity of a drug.
D. Track arrest data for drug law violations.
2. If a substance is consistently used in a particular kind of situations (e.g., at parties, as opposed to
when one is alone), what can it help us understand?
A. The amount of the substance being used.
B. The type of substance being used.
C. The reason the substance is being used.
D. Who is using the substance?
3. For the past 40 years the media has been reporting on drug use ranging from methamphetamine
to ecstasy to glue sniffing. How have these various examples been described in the media?
A. The "drug du jour"
B. Drug use: a laissez-faire reality
C. Drugs that are always bad drugs
D. Drug use by celebrities
4. A survey completed regarding drug use and Aboriginals living on reserves in Canada reported
that most youth who tried solvents did so by which age?
A. ten years
B. eleven years
C. thirteen years
D. fourteen years

5. How a drug exists is an important fact to consider. For instance, compared to smoking cocaine in
the form of "crack", how will Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb
cocaine?
A. Quickly over a short period of time.
B. Slowly over a short period of time.
C. Slowly over a long period.
D. Quickly and continuously over a long period.
6. All of the following EXCEPT which one, are examples of harm reduction measures reflected in
Canada's Drug Strategy, to reduce the damage associated with alcohol and drugs?
A. Television educational campaigns
B. Safe injection sites
C. Methadone maintenance therapy
D. Syringe exchange programs
7. One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that
A. all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B. most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C. every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D. drugs, per se, are not good or bad.
8. One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has "____________."
A. effects on the heart
B. impurities
C. multiple effects
D. mind altering potential
9. Which of the four principles of psychoactive drug use would state; "the effect of any psychoactive
drug depends on ___________________."
A. the individual's history and expectations
B. its legal status
C. the user's diet
D. the user's unique brain chemistry

10. Which term is used to describe, the use of a substance in a manner, amount, or situation such
that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring?
A. Addiction
B. Dependence
C. Abuse
D. Tolerance
11. Which term refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that
it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug?
A. Addiction
B. Dependence
C. Abuse
D. Tolerance
12. Which term describes a situation when a person's reaction to a psychopharmaceutical drug (such
as a painkiller) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect?
A. Addiction
B. Dependence
C. Abuse
D. Tolerance
13. Because drugs alter consciousness and thought processes, the affects experienced will depend
on which of the following?
A. Expectations
B. Attitudes
C. Individual history
D. All of the answers are correct
14. How does the text define a drug that is unlawful to possess or use?
A. An illicit drug.
B. A narcotic.
C. An addictive drug.
D. An abused drug.

15. How long have drugs played a significant role in human society?
A. for thousands of years
B. for about the past 200 years
C. since the 1920s
D. only since the 1960s
16. In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure
some types of infections laid the foundation for
A. illicit drug markets.
B. our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C. many dangerous drug interactions.
D. the "war on drugs."
17. The Government of Canada addresses the public health concern of substance abuse with its
Canada's Drug Strategy (CDS), by using a broad four-component approach. It includes all of the
following EXCEPT which one?
A. Education
B. Medical intervention
C. Harm reduction
D. Enforcement
18. Much of our information regarding drug use comes from survey questionnaires. What is one
important limitation of questionnaires?
A. The sample sizes are too small.
B. People might not answer honestly.
C. The people who do the studies are biased.
D. The questionnaires don't ask questions about illicit drug use.
19. Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, when can they be informative?
A. If they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time.
B. If they seek information regarding those who are not included in the survey.
C. If they ask questions regarding alcohol use, because it is not illegal.
D. If they ask about the misuse of prescription drugs.

20. The 2004 Canadian Campus Survey (CCS), revealed what percentage of the Canadian
undergraduate, population had used Cannabis within the previous 12 months period?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
21. Accordingly to the 2013 OSDUHS results, what substance was the most commonly used illicit
drug?
A. Hallucinogens
B. Methamphetamine
C. Cannabis
D. Cocaine
22. The OSDUHS, which today interviews thousands of students every second year from elementary
and secondary schools across Ontario was originally launched in which year?
A. 1977
B. 1989
C. 1999
D. 2004
23. Which Canadian survey examining trends in drug use, has been conducted every year since
2008?
A. Canadian Addiction Survey
B. Canadian Campus Survey
C. Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey
D. The National Survey of Drug use in Canada

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24. The Canadian Campus Survey indicated that between 1998 and 2004 the use of cannabis
declined in the Western provinces but increased where in Canada?
A. Quebec
B. Ontario
C. British Columbia
D. Atlantic Canada
25. When adolescents have friends and know adults who smoke marijuana, what are these
influences identified as?
A. Causal factors
B. Drug profiles
C. Risk factors
D. Weaknesses
26. When adolescents have a socially supportive family, are interested in school and sports activities
and perceive marijuana use being strongly opposed by their school, these factors correlate with
lower rates of marijuana use which are commonly referred to as what?
A. Antecedents
B. Causal factors
C. Deviates
D. Protective factors
27. Much of the research on correlates of drug use has used which substance as an indicator?
A. Solvents
B. Methamphetamine
C. Marijuana smoking
D. Steroids
28. Which of the following describes one of the most important risk factors for drug use?
A. Having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B. Being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C. Having lots of money.
D. Believing that your parents are a source of social support.

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29. What is one of the most important protective factors for drug use?
A. Having to work for your spending money.
B. Having been punished for fighting.
C. Knowing adults who use drugs.
D. Believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.
30. One very consistent finding is that students who report ______________________ are less likely
to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug.
A. having high self-esteem
B. being well-off financially
C. having more involvement with religion
D. having lots of friends
31. When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a
consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?
A. Males are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are females.
B. Males are more likely to drink alcohol, but females are more likely to smoke marijuana, than
are males.
C. Females are more likely to drink alcohol, but males are more likely to smoke marijuana, than
are females.
D. Females are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are males.
32. When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a
consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?
A. There is a very small, almost an insignificant difference between a person's education level
and the amount of alcohol they drink.
B. People who completed only high school are more likely to drink more alcohol, than those who
complete postsecondary education and university degrees.
C. People with higher levels of education are somewhat less likely to use marijuana.
D. People with higher levels of education are somewhat more likely to use marijuana.

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33. Personality may have some predictive value by indicating whether someone does which of the
following?
A. Experiments with drugs.
B. Abstains from drug use.
C. Uses drugs socially.
D. Develops an addiction.
34. Compared to young adults who only finished high school, those with university degrees are more
likely to do which of the following?
A. Use cocaine.
B. Drink alcohol.
C. Smoke marijuana.
D. Report similar rates of use of most substances.
35. What is one personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of
substance dependence?
A. Low self-esteem
B. Extraversion
C. High impulsivity
D. Passivity
36. Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study of drug use?
A. Surveying high-school seniors every year.
B. Following each individual throughout the entire day.
C. Sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D. Following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.

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37. Comparing adolescents who smoke cigarettes with those who do not, and then looking at later
adoption of marijuana use, cigarette smokers are about twice as likely as non-smokers to later
use marijuana. For this reason, what have cigarettes been referred to as?
A. Addictive
B. A gateway substance
C. A conduit
D. A correlate
38. Which of the following statements describes the group most likely to be drug users in adulthood?
A. Males who are aggressive in early elementary school
B. Females who are aggressive in early elementary school
C. Males who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school
D. Females who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school
39. Some drugs have the effect that every time you take the drug, the probability that you will take it
again increases slightly. What is this process referred to as?
A. Reinforcement
B. Altered perception
C. Addiction
D. Drug misuse
40. Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in
the first place, opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?
A. Genetics
B. Personality
C. Individual reaction to the drug
D. Social conditioning
41. Which of the following describes what most drug users are seeking?
A. Reduction of emotion pain
B. Need to fit in
C. An altered state of consciousness
D. Need to rebel

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42. We can get an idea of why someone is using a drug by examining when and where he or she
uses it.
True False
43. There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.
True False
44. Every drug has multiple effects.
True False
45. Illicit drug is a term used to refer to a drug that is unlawful to possess or use.
True False
46. The Harm Reduction model of drug treatment accepts that there may be other acceptable
outcomes than drug abstinence.
True False
47. Drug misuse generally refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for
purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.
True False
48. Illicit drug use among students from grade 7 through 12 increased between 2003 and 2009.
True False
49. In general most Canadians do not see a strong link between the availability of drugs and
Canada's problems related to drug use.
True False
50. Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.
True False
51. Impulsivity is one personality factor that is associated with higher rates of substance abuse and
dependence.
True False

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52. If John wants to enhance the likelihood he hires someone who is more likely to NOT smoke
marijuana, research considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education would
suggest he hire a female with a university education.
True False
53. Describe the term "drug du jour"?
54. What do the abbreviations CCS and OSDUHS stand for, and what are they?
55. What does the research regarding religion and drug use describe?

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60. Describe Harm Reduction and how it has been used as an initiative by Canada's Drug Strategy to
reduce the damage associated with alcohol and other drugs?
61. Explain the differences among the definitions of drug misuse, drug abuse, and harm reduction.
62. Describe the differences between drug dependence and tolerance.
63. It is important to monitor which illicit drugs are widely used and whether their use is increasing or
decreasing. Describe the most important sources of information we have about drug use in
Canada and the major limitations of that kind of information.

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64. What is meant by risk and protective factors for substance use? Provide at least two examples of
each.
65. What has the research revealed regarding Religion and Drug Use?
66. Discuss how personality variables relate to substance use.
67. What is meant by the term "gateway substance"? Provide an example of a gateway substance?
What is wrong with assuming that use of a gateway substance causes increased use of other
substances?

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