Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Second Edition Test Bank

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1 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
Chapter 1: Setting the Stage: A Multidimensional Approach
Test
Multiple Choice:
1. Understanding human behavior to be the result of interactions of biological,
psychological, and social systems is known as the
A) multidisciplinary approach
B) transactional approach
*C) biopsychosocial approach
D) life course approach
2. Understanding human behavior as changing configurations of person and environment
over time is the
A) deductive reasoning approach
B) life course approach
*C) multidimensional approach
D) interpretist perspective
3. _______________ refers to a feature that can be focused on separately but also needs to
be understood by considering other features.
*A) Dimension
B) Life course
C) Life events
D) Culture
4. Systems that involve direct face-to-face contact among members are known as
A) mesosystems
B) macrosystems
C) exosystems
*D) microsystems
5. Interconnections within personal networks are known as
*A) mesosystems
B) macrosystems
C) exosystems
D) microsystems

2 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
6. Linkages and interconnections with larger institutions are known as
A) mesosystems
B) macrosystems
*C) exosystems
D) microsystems
7. Systems of broader influences like culture, subculture, and social structure are known as
A) mesosystems
*B) macrosystems
C) exosystems
D) microsystems
8. Social categorizations of gender, race, and class create ________________, or unearned
advantage for some groups and disadvantage other groups.
A) prejudice
B) institutional racism
C) social inequality
*D) privilege
9. The building blocks of theory which allow us to communicate about the phenomena of
interest are known as
A) assumptions
*B) concepts
C) propositions
D) frameworks
10. Social and behavioral science theories are based on ______________ or beliefs held to be
true without testing or proof, about the nature of human social life.
*A) assumptions
B) concepts
C) propositions
D) frameworks
11. Theories are a form of ___________________ that lay out general, abstract assertions
that we can use to generate specific hypotheses to test in unique situations.
A) inductive reasoning
B) assumptions
*C) deductive reasoning
D) propositions

3 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
12. Differences among individuals, or individual variations, refers to
A) diversity
B) inequalities
*C) heterogeneity
D) genetic factors
13. Patterns of groups differences refers to
*A) diversity
B) inequality
C) heterogeneity
D) genetic factors
14. When a social worker considers the personal dimensions of any person in a story, they
are thinking about
A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families
B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends
*C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual
D) the past, present, and future
15. When a social worker considers the environmental dimensions of any person in a story,
they are thinking about
*A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families
B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends
C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual
D) the past, present, and future
16. When a social worker considers the time dimensions of any person in a story, they are
thinking about
A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families
B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends
C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual
*D) the past, present, and future
17. The multidimensional approach is rooted in:
A) research
B) systems perspective
C) commitment to social justice
*D) social work history and practice

4 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
18. Which of the following is not considered one of the Personal dimensions
*A) family
B) biological
C) spiritual
D) psychological
19. Social work’s failure to incorporate the ____________ dimension has most hampered
efforts to advocate for people with physical disabilities.
A) cultural
B) formal organization
C) biological
*D) physical
20. “The storm lasted as long as it takes rice to cook” is an example of
A) clock time
B) acculturation
*C) event time
D) spiritual time
21. The best definition of communities would be
A) Two persons bound together in some way
*B) People bound by either geography or by network links
C) Collections of people who interact with each other and perceive themselves to act
interdependently
D) Group of 2 or more persons connected by long term commitments and
interdependence
22. Which is not an example of event time?
A. Signals from the body dictate when to eat.
B. Activities guided by seasonal changes.
*C. Agreeing to meet next Tuesday.
D. Meeting when the cows go out to graze.
23. Which process includes a careful, purposeful, and systematic observation of events with
the intent to note and record them in terms of their attributes, to look for patterns in those
events, and to make our methods and observations public?
*A. empirical research
B. quantitative methods of research
C. qualitative methods of research
D. postpositivism

5 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
24. Bias in research can occur in all but which of the following?
A. definition of variables for study
B. choosing the sample to be studied
C. data collection
*D. method of sampling
25. What is a philosophical position that recognizes the complexity of reality and the
limitations of human observers and proposes that scientists can never develop more than
a partial understanding of human behavior?
A. positivist perspective
*B. postpositivism
C. interpretist perspective
D. constructivist perspective
True/False
1. True or False. The three major aspects of an approach to human behavior that helps us
think about the nature and complexities of the people and situations are person, the
environment, and transactions.
True
*False
2. True or False. One of the basic tenets of the person and environment approach is that the
same person in a different environment, or the same environment with a different person,
most likely will yield different behaviors.
*True
False
3. True or False. Recognizing human behavior as an interaction of person and environment
is a new concept in the social work profession.
True
*False
4. True or False. Human behavior is multidetermined, which basically assumes that it is
developed as a result of many causes.
*True
False

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6 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
5. True or False. Acculturation, which is a process of changing one's culture by
incorporating elements of another culture, happens over time with new situations and
opportunities to learn, negotiate, and accommodate.
*True
False
6. True or False. Time orientation describes the extent to which individuals and
collectivities are invested in two temporal zones which include present and future time.
True
*False
7. True or False. When thinking about time, shifts are considered to be sudden abrupt
changes in direction.
*True
False
8. True or False. When thinking about time, trends are considered to move invariably in
one direction.
True
*False
9. True or False. When thinking about time, constants are considered to move in a general
direction but are not as invariable as trends.
True
*False
10. True or False. When thinking about time, cycles are considered to repetitively reverse
direction.
*True
False
Fill-in-the-Blank
1. When a social worker thinks about human behavior as changing configurations of person
and environment over time, this is a ________________________ approach.
*Answer: multidimensional

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7 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
2. When human behavior is considered to be the result of interactions of integrated
biological, psychological, and social systems we call this the
_________________approach.
*Answer: biopsychosocial
3. Allowing the clock to tell when an event should begin and end has been called
______________.
*Answer: clock time
4. The extent to which individuals and collectivities are invested in three temporal zones—
past, present, and future time is known as ____________________.
*Answer: linear time
5. A ____________________ assumes that each person’s life has a unique long-term pattern
of stability and change but that shared social and historical contexts produce some
commonalities.
*Answer: life course perspective
6. The process of ___________________is a process by which the world’s people are
becoming more interconnected economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally.
*Answer: globalization
7. ___________________refers to individual-level variations— differences among
individuals.
*Answer: Heterogeneity
8. ___________________ are where we fit in a system of social identities, such as race,
ethnicity, gender, social class, sexual orientation, religion, ability/disability, and age.
*Answer: Social locations
9. Three main barriers prevent full access to human rights: poverty, discrimination, and
________________________.
*Answer: lack of access to education
10. We ___________

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8 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
Short Answer Essay
1. Use the story of Manisha's determination to survive to explain the relevant dimensions of
person, environment, and time. Define each of the dimensions and give examples of
Manisha's journey for each dimension.
2. Differentiate between the terms heterogeneity and diversity. How does knowledge of
these terms contribute to culturally sensitive social work practice?
3. Use the idea of American privilege to discuss gender, race, and class which influence
social identities and life chances. Cite examples form Minasha's story to demonstrate this
influence.

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1 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
Chapter 2. Theoretical Perspectives on Human Behavior
Test
Multiple Choice
1. The interrelated lives of the McKinley family as well as the impact of external factors
such as job insecurity, health care issues, and cultural gender and role definitions that
influence their individual behaviors and affect the family's general well-being can be well
explained using concepts from the:
A) social exchange perspective
*B) systems perspective
C) rational choice perspective
D) humanistic perspective
2. An elderly person who receives the benefit of her basic needs being met but at the same
time endures the cost of feeling that she has nothing to offer in exchange. This is an
example of the:
A) rational choice perspective
*B) social constructionist perspective
C) conflict perspective
D) humanistic perspective
3. An individual's participation in a support group for heart attack survivors has helped him
modify some of his views about his situation by encouraging a solution-focused approach
to his concerns. This is an example of the:
A) humanistic perspective
B) psychodynamic perspective
C) conflict perspective
*D) social constructionist perspective
4. A perspective that is concerned with how internal processes such as needs, drives, and
emotions motivate human behavior is known as the:
A) humanistic perspective
*B) psychodynamic perspective
C) developmental perspective
D) systems perspective
5. Ruth is entering into her late old age and struggles with chronic illnesses and losses. This
is an example of the:

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2 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
*C) developmental perspective
D) systems perspective
6. The assumption that learning takes place as individuals interact with their environments
is related to the:
*A) social behavioral perspective
B) psychodynamic perspective
C) developmental perspective
D) social constructionist perspective
7. When family members make choices based on freedom of action and search for meaning
this is an example of the:
A) social behavioral perspective
B) developmental perspective
C) psychodynamic perspective
*D) humanistic perspective
8. Individuals who hold power in the family but little power in the labor market is an
example of the:
A) social behavioral perspective
*B) conflict perspective
C) social constructionist perspective
D) systems perspective
9. If a social worker were to help family members increase their personal sense of
competence in taking care of an elderly relative we would define this as:
*A) self-efficacy
B) agency
C) efficacy expectation
D) self-actualization
10. Having a sense that you can personally accomplish a goal is known as:
A) self-efficacy
B) agency

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3 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
as:
A) social behavioral perspective
B) efficacy expectations
C) social learning theory
*D) learned helplessness
12. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that must first be satisfied before
higher needs can emerge are:
A) psychological needs
B) belongingness and love needs
*C) physiological needs
D) self-actualization needs
13. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, meeting one's needs for affection and
intimacy refers to:
A) psychological needs
*B) belongingness and love needs
C) safety needs
D) self-actualization needs
14. Security is very important to Stanley, which represents which of Maslow's hierarchy of
needs?
A) psychological needs
B) belongingness and love needs
*C) safety needs
D) self-actualization needs
15. A term associated with the capacity to intentionally make things happen is known as:
A) self-efficacy
B) efficacy expectation
C) esteem needs
*D) agency

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4 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
expectations is:
*A) cognitive social learning theory
B) operant conditioning theory
C) classical conditioning theory
D) empowerment theory
18. A theory that guides our practice interventions towards building on client strengths is:
A) cognitive social learning theory
B) operant conditioning theory
C) classical conditioning theory
*D) empowerment theory
19. A theory that defines behavior as the result of reinforcement is:
A) cognitive social learning theory
*B)

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5 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
*C) phenomenal self
D) feedback mechanism
24. A person's usual behaviors that occupy a particular social position is referred to as:
A) self-efficacy
*B) role
C) phenomenal self
D) feedback mechanism
25. Which of the following is NOT a term associated with the systems perspective?
*A) phenomenal self
B) boundary
C) feedback mechanisms
D) role

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6 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
*B) failure to address diversity and power
C) lack of coherence and conceptual clarity
D) poor testability
30. The humanistic perspective is called the 'third force' because it was developed in reaction
to:
*A) psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives
B) systems perspective
C) developmental and constructionist perspectives
D) conflict perspective
True/False
31. True or False. When we consider human behavior from as systems perspective, we see it
as an outcome of reciprocal interactions of persons operating within linked social
systems.
*A) True
B)

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7 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource
36. True or False. One big idea of the social constructionist perspective is that people can
modify meanings in the process of interaction.
*A) True
B) False
37. True or False. One big idea of the psychodynamic perspective is that human
development is a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
A) True
*B) False
38. True or False. A big idea of the developmental perspective is that human development
occurs in clearly defined age-graded stages.
*A) True
B) False
39. True or False. Stage 1 (birth-1 year) of Erikson's model of human development proposes
the psychosocial crisis to be basic trust versus mistrust.
*A) True
B) False

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