Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank

Name: Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank
Brand: Academic Documents Platform
Price: 17 USD
Availability: InStock
Author: Caleb Patterson

Stay ahead of the curve with Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank, an essential exam preparation tool filled with practice questions.

Caleb Patterson

Contributor

4.8

4 months ago

Preview (16 of 359)

1
1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Guideposts
1. What is human development, and how has its study evolved?
2. What do developmental scientists study?
3. What kinds of influences make one person different from another?
4. What are seven principles of the life-span development approach?
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following words BEST describes the focus of the study of human development?
A. Change
B. Childhood
C. Infancy
D. Relationships
Answer: A
Page: 4
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
2. The principle that human development is adaptive means
A. it is coherent and organized.
B. it is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.
C. development proceeds from simple to complex.
D. None of these
Answer: B
Page: 4
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
3. Which of the following activities improved student grades, reduced school absences, and resulted in fewer
behavioral problems?
A. Increased physical activity
B. Increased amount of sleep
C. Free breakfast
D. Free tutoring programs
Answer: C
Page: 4
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
4. When developmental scientists understand how language develops they can_________ when a child needs speech
therapy.
A. intervene
B. describe
C. predict
D. explain
Answer: A
Page: 5

2
Guidepost: 1
Type: Application
5. Life-span studies are based on which of the following ideas?
A. There is little continuity over the life span.
B. Development occurs early in life, not during adulthood.
C. Every portion of the life span is influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events.
D. There is no development that takes place in the late adulthood stage.
Answer: C
Page: 7–8
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
6. Historically, the study of child development gained impetus from
A. immunization to protect children from disease.
B. child labor laws.
C. scientific discoveries about the nature of conception.
D. All of these
Answer: D
Page: 4
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
7. The concept of a lifelong process of development that can be studied scientifically is known as what?
A. Childhood development
B. Longtime development
C. Life-span development
D. Social development
Answer: C
Page: 4
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
8. Change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc., would
constitute which type of development?
A. Physical
B. Cognitive
C. Psychosocial
D. Physiological
Answer: B
Page: 6
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
9. Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills,
and health?
A. Cognitive
B. Neurological
C. Physical
D. Psychosocial
Answer: C
Page: 6
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
10. Which of the following is true about physical development?
A. It interacts with cognitive, personality, and social development at all ages.

3
B. Physical development occurs independently of cognitive development.
C. It becomes less important than personality and social development during adolescence.
D. One’s genetic makeup entirely controls one’s physical development.
Answer: A
Page: 6
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
11. Marcus is 14 months old and having great difficulty when left with the babysitter. His separation anxiety is an
example of interaction between which two types of development?
A. Intellectual and physical
B. Cognitive and intellectual
C. Physical and emotional
D. Intellectual and social
Answer: D
Page: 6–8
Guidepost: 2
Type: Application
12. Marlane is large for her age and does not have many friends. This is an example of interaction between which
two types of development?
A. Physical and intellectual
B. Intellectual and social
C. Physical and social
D. Personality and social
Answer: C
Page: 6–8
Guidepost: 2
Type: Application
13. A developmental scientist who studies brain development is studying the __________ domain of the self.
A. psychological
B. psychosocial
C. physical
D. cognitive
Answer: C
Page: 6
Guidepost: 2
Type: Application
14. Division of the life span into periods is a
A. physical construction.
B. cognitive construction.
C. intellectual construction.
D. social construction.
Answer: D
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
15. A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality is an invention of
a particular cultureis an example of
A. l physical construction
B. cognitive construction
C. intellectual construction
D. social construction
Answer: D

4
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
16. The existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societies but not in other societies, is
an example of
A. environmental experiences.
B. social construction.
C. cognitive development.
D. physical development.
Answer: B
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
17. The age range of approximately 6–11 years refers to which of the following periods of development?
A. Early childhood
B. Middle childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Young adulthood
Answer: B
Page: 8
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
18. According to your text, which of the following is NOT one of the major divisions of the life span?
A. Prenatal
B. Infancy and toddlerhood
C. Late adulthood
D. Senescence
Answer: D
Page: 8
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
19. Shayla is dependent on adults to meet her basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter, and to provide attachment
bonding. She is experiencing the needs of what developmental period?
A. Infancy
B. Toddlerhood
C. Early childhood
D. Middle childhood
Answer: A
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Application
20. Becoming introspective and searching out meaning in life is characteristic of which of the following?
A. Adolescence
B. Young adulthood
C. Middle adulthood
D. Late adulthood
Answer: D
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge

5
21. Marcus has stopped being so demanding and waits his turn when playing with his friends. He also appears to be
more interested in others instead of himself. He is probably in what developmental period?
A. Infancy
B. Toddlerhood
C. Early childhood
D. Middle childhood
Answer: C
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Application
22. During which developmental period do children begin to regulate their own behavior and become more
interested in their peer groups?
A. Infancy
B. Toddlerhood
C. Early childhood
D. Middle childhood
Answer: D
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
23. During which developmental period does a person make the transition from childhood to adulthood, while at the
same time searching for a personal identity?
A. Middle childhood
B. Adolescence
C. Young adulthood
D. None of these
Answer: B
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
24. The developmental tasks that include the establishment of families and occupations is
A. adolescence.
B. middle childhood.
C. young adulthood.
D. middle adulthood.
Answer: C
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
25. During which developmental period do most people finish their formal education, become independent, and start
families and careers?
A. Adolescence
B. Young adulthood
C. Middle adulthood
D. Older adulthood
Answer: B
Page: 7
Guidepost: 2
Type: Knowledge
26. The concept of individual differences implies that people differ in
A. size and build.
B. intelligence and personalities.

Loading page 6...

6
C. the influence of society and relationships they have.
D. All of these
Answer: D
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
27. The inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our
A. environment.
B. individual differences.
C. heredity.
D. influences.
Answer: C
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
28. The world outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world constitute
A. environment.
B. individual differences.
C. heredity.
D. influences.
Answer: A
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
29. Which of the following statements about hereditary and environmental influences on development is TRUE?
A. Internal influences are more important because they occur first.
B. External influences are more important because they are active for a longer time.
C. Internal and external influences interact and often cannot be separated.
D. Internal and external influences are independent and can be readily separated.
Answer: C
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
30. The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns describes
A. individual responses to the opportunities offered by one’s culture.
B. environmental influences.
C. maturation.
D. one’s perception of the events in his/her life.
Answer: C
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
31. Meghan recorded events in the lives of her sons Joseph and Jacob such as their first words, their first step, and
the events of puberty. These events are examples of the process of
A. environmental influences.
B. genetic influences.
C. inherited characteristics.
D. maturation.
Answer: D
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application

Loading page 7...

7
32. Environmental or experiential factors that help define individual differences in development include all of the
following EXCEPT
A. genetic inheritance.
B. socioeconomic status.
C. ethnicity.
D. historical events.
Answer: A
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
33. A child born today in Iraq will have different experiences than children born in the United States or Mexico.
These experiences will affect the course of development for these children because each child develops within a
unique
A. biological context.
B. social and historical context.
C. genetic content.
D. maturation period.
Answer: B
Page: 10
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application
34. Industrialization and the move to more populated areas are both cited as reasons for the decline in the
A. multilingual family.
B. nuclear family.
C. extended family.
D. blended family.
Answer: C
Page: 11
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
35. Ther family consists of two generations with parents and children—either biological, step, or adopted.
A. nuclear
B. extended
C. multigenerational
D. post modern
Answer: A
Page: 11
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
36. Despite being identified as a “low-risk” group, children of affluent families suffer a high rate of
A. depression.
B. anxiety.
C. substance abuse.
D. All of these
Answer: D
Page: 13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
37. A multigenerational kinship unit consisting of parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins is
called a(n) ______ family.
A. nonnormative

Loading page 8...

8
B. nuclear
C. extended
D. blended
Answer: C
Page: 11
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
38. Socioeconomic status is determined by all of the following EXCEPT
A. ethnicity.
B. income.
C. education.
D. occupation.
Answer: A
Page: 11–13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
39. All of the following may be considered indirect effects of poverty EXCEPT
A. parents’ emotional state.
B. home environments.
C. presence of models for young people.
D. breakdown of the nuclear family.
Answer: D
Page: 12
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
40. A group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, laws, beliefs, values, and language, is referred to as its
A. subculture.
B. ethnicity.
C. culture.
D. acculturation.
Answer: C
Page: 13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
41. A possible strength associated with poverty would include
A. the increased number of meals eaten together.
B. the lowered level of substance abuse.
C. the lowered levels of stress.
D. none since there are no strengths associated with poverty.
Answer: A
Page: 13
Guidepost:3
Type: Knowledge
42. What percentage of households in the United States lives in extreme poverty based on 2008 data?
A. Less than 1 percent.
B. 10 percent
C. 25 percent
D. 50 percent
Answer: B
Page: 12
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge

Loading page 9...

9
43. Some religious groups have taught children consistent traditions for weddings and funerals. Teaching these ways
to the next generation is an example of
A. context.
B. ethnic diversity.
C. culture.
D. morality.
Answer: C
Page: 13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application
44. By the year 2023, the minority population in the United States is projected to rise to
A. 30 percent.
B. 40 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 60 percent.
Answer: C
Page: 13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
45. A condition that would increase the likelihood of a negative outcome is a description of what?
A. environmental perceptions
B. genetic influences
C. risk factors
D. social resources
Answer: C
Page: 13
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
46. An overgeneralization that obscures cultural difference within a group is a description of
A. ethnic identity.
B. ethnic gloss.
C. ethnicity.
D. ethnic group.
Answer: B
Page: 15
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
47. An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a _________ influence.
A. nonnormative age-graded
B. normative age-graded
C. cohort
D. cultural
Answer: B
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
48. A ____________ is a group of people born at the same time.
A. historical generation

Loading page 10...

10
B. culture
C. normative group
D. cohort
Answer: D
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
49. Developmental researchers refer to typical events that happen at an atypical time, or atypical events that happen
at a typical time, as __________ events.
A. normative
B. nonnormative
C. strange
D. bizarre
Answer: B
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
50. Nonnormative life events are
A. unusual events that influence a person’s life.
B. events that generally happen to everyone.
C. typical for a given population.
D. traumatic or unhappy events.
Answer: A
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
51. Events like starting school that occur at about the same age for people the world over are called
A. normative age-graded influences.
B. normative history-graded influences.
C. nonnormative life events.
D. cohort determined influences.
Answer: A
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
52. Which of the following is a normative age-graded influence?
A. Puberty and menopause
B. War
C. Winning the lottery
D. Famine
Answer: A
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
53. Normative history-graded influences include all of the following EXCEPT
A. worldwide economic depression.
B. introduction of the contraceptive pill.
C. AIDS epidemic.
D. death of a spouse.
Answer: D
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3

Loading page 11...

11
Type: Comprehension
54. A group of people who experience an event such as the attack of September 11 during a formative time in their
lives is known as a historical
A. generation.
B. chronosystem.
C. anomaly.
D. culture.
Answer: A
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
55. The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the Internet are considered
A. nonnormative age-graded influences.
B. normative history-graded influences.
C. normative age-graded influences.
D. nonnormative history-graded influences.
Answer: B
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
56. A group of people who share a similar experience common to all of its members is called a
A. generation.
B. cohort.
C. culture.
D. peer group.
Answer: B
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
57. Cohort differences are primarily due to
A. geographical separation.
B. experiences affecting a generation.
C. variations of family history.
D. unusual life events.
Answer: B
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
58. Your cohort would include your
A. grandparents.
B. parents.
C. schoolmates.
D. children.
Answer: C
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application
59. Which of the following are members of the same cohort?
A. A woman who raised children in Binghamton, New York, during World War II and a woman raising children in
Binghamton during the 1990s
B. An urban child in Iraq and a rural child in the United States

Loading page 12...

12
C. A veteran of the Gulf War and a veteran of Vietnam War
D. A high school student in Binghamton, New York, and a high school student in Elmira, New York
Answer: D
Page: 16
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application
60. A specific time when a given event, or the absence of that event, has the greatest impact on development is
called a(n) __________ period.
A. important
B. essential
C. required
D. critical
Answer: D
Page: 17
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
61. A critical period is a time when
A. an organism is most likely to be influenced by a specific event.
B. a person faces a developmental transition.
C. development is taking place most rapidly.
D. development slows down for a period of time.
Answer: A
Page: 17
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
62. Rubella has a disastrous impact if it is contracted during the first trimester of a pregnancy yet has hardly any
impact if contracted at the end of a pregnancy. This is an example of
A. fetal immune system maturation.
B. normative age-graded events.
C. maturational timing.
D. a critical period.
Answer: D
Page: 17
Guidepost: 3
Type: Application
63. The critical period for language development is from early infancy to
A. toddlerhood.
B. early childhood.
C. middle childhood.
D. puberty.
Answer: D
Page: 18
Guidepost: 3
Type: Knowledge
64. New research on plasticity indicates that plasticity
A. is a complex reaction between the environment and genetic factors.
B. is a single factor that appears to predict resilience.
C. is very similar to critical periods.
D. is not related to temperament or resilience.
Answer: A
Page: 17
Guidepost: 3

Loading page 13...

13
Type: Knowledge
65. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of life-span development identified by Baltes (1987)?
A. Development is lifelong.
B. Development takes place in a historical context.
C. Development ends with childhood.
D. Development is pliable or plastic.
Answer: C
Page: 18–19
Guidepost: 4
Type: Knowledge
66. Allocation of resources often changes as a person develops. Which of the following is an example of this
redistribution?
A. Personal growth and improvement of skills are benefited by the availability of resources.
B. Resources do not aid a person during a time of personal loss.
C. The availability of resources decreases over time.
D. The availability of resources increases over time.
Answer: A
Page: 19
Guidepost: 4
Type: Comprehension
Essay Questions
67. Marcus is designing a plan for a new preschool. List and define the three domains. Give one example of how a
preschool program would address each domain as part of its day-to-day operations that he can submit to his
school board for final approval.
68.List the periods of human development. For at least three of the periods, give an example of a cognitive, a
psychosocial, and a physical event during the period that helps to define the particular period of development.
69. Define inherited influences and environmental influences on development. What are the differences between
inherited influences and environmental influences? List and give examples of the effects of certain
environmental influences on an individual’s development.

Loading page 14...

15
2 THEORY AND RESEARCH
Guideposts
1. What purpose do theories serve and what are two basic theoretical issues on which developmental scientists
differ?
2. What are five theoretical perspectives on human development, and what are some theories representative of
each?
3. How do developmental scientists study people, and what are some advantages and disadvantages of each
research method?
4. What ethical problems may arise in research on humans?
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements about theories is true?
A. Theories change to incorporate new findings.
B. Theories are based on certain assumptions.
C. Theories and research are interwoven.
D. All of these
Answer: D
Page: 24
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
2. In the study of human development, a theory is a set of
A. logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development.
B. facts derived from research.
C. research results that can prove behaviors.
D. opinions of a well-known authority in a field.
Answer: A
Page: 24
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
3. A good theory develops __________, which can then be tested by research.
A. data
B. hypotheses
C. findings
D. facts
Answer: B
Page: 24
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
4. Tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are called
A. theories.
B. hypotheses.
C. research findings.

Loading page 15...

16
D. conclusions.
Answer: B
Page: 24
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
5. “If children learn aggression from models, then children who watch violent television shows should be more
aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows.” This is an example of a
A. theory.
B. finding.
C. hypothesis.
D. conclusion.
Answer: C
Page: 24
Guidepost: 1
Type: Application
6. Which early philosopher described children as a tabula rasa on which society writes?
A. John Locke
B. Jean Piaget
C. Jean Jacques Rosseau
D. Erik Erikson
Answer: A
Page: 25
Guidepost: 1
Type: Knowledge
7. If Bill’s behavior is viewed as passive and reactive, he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________
model of behavior.
A. naturalistic
B. mechanistic
C. organismic
D. maturationistic
Answer: B
Page: 25
Guidepost: 1
Type: Application
8. If Troy’s behavior is viewed as active and self-determining, he would be perceived as demonstrating the
__________ model of behavior.
A. naturalistic
B. mechanistic
C. organismic
D. maturationistic
Answer: C
Page: 25
Guidepost: 1
Type: Application
9. Organismic theorists emphasize __________ change, while mechanistic theorists emphasize __________ change.
A. quantitative; qualitative
B. behavioral; developmental
C. qualitative; quantitative
D. mechanistic; organismic
Answer: C
Page: 25
Guidepost: 1

Loading page 16...

13 more pages available. Scroll down to load them.

Preview Mode

100%

Study Now!

XY-Copilot AI

Unlimited Access

Secure Payment

Instant Access

24/7 Support

Document Chat

Document Details

Subject

Psychology

Experience Human Development, 12th Edition Test Bank

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

8-2 Short Paper Future Directions of Health Psycho

Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning

Discussion 3

Competency Statement 3

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in the Management o

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in Managing Substan

COUN 6726 WK8 Discussion

Journal Forensic Psychotherapist

ATI RN Comprehensive Predictor 2025 with Critical

Understanding the Barnum Effect in Personality Tra

Company

Explore

Study Tools