Foundations And Adult Health Nursing, 7th Edition Lecture Notes

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Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
1 Lesson Plans for
The Evolution of Nursing
CHAPTER LESSON PLANS & OBJECTIVES
Lesson 1.1
1. Describe the evolution of nursing and nursing education from early civilization to the twentieth
century.
2. Identify the major leaders of nursing history in America.
3. Discuss the significant changes in nursing in the twenty-first century.
4. Discuss societal influences on nursing.
5. Identify the major organizations in nursing.
6. Define the three purposes of National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service
(NAPNES) and National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN).
Lesson 1.2
7. Identify the components of the health care system.
8. Describe the complex factors involved in the delivery of patient care.
9. Identify the participants in the health care system.
10. Define practical and vocational nursing.
11. Describe the purpose, role, and responsibilities of the practical or vocational nurse.
CHAPTER TEACHING FOCUS
• In this chapter, the student will be introduced to the history of nursing, from early civilization to the
modern times, including the major leaders and organizations.
• The student will have the opportunity to learn about the health care system, its components, and its
participants, and the role of the practical/vocational nurse will be explored.
CONCEPTS
The following conceptual themes and specific concepts match those presented in Giddens, J. R. (2013).
Concepts for nursing practice. St. Louis: Elsevier. The specific exemplars chosen and listed below for
each concept have been tailored specifically to correspond to the Cooper/Gosnell textbook.
THEME: Health Care Delivery
• Concept: Care Coordination
o Exemplar: Nurse Case Management, p. 14
THEME: Attributes and Roles of Nurse
• Concept: Professionalism
o Exemplar:Comportment, p. 15
o Exemplar: Box 1-2: Characteristics, Roles, and Responsibilities of the Practical or
Vocational Nurse, p. 15

2 Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing ___________________________________________________________
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
CHAPTER PRETEST
Have the students answer these questions prior to covering this chapter to understand where they stand
in relation to the content.
1. Primitive people believed that a person became ill when an evil spirit entered the ___________.
a) mind
b) spirit
c) body
d) house
2. Florence Nightingale’s plan focused on which concepts?
a) Sanitation, recordkeeping, hygiene, and nutrition
b) Documentation, assessment, planning, and teaching
c) Cleanliness, grammar, recordkeeping, and leadership
d) Education, bathing, care of wounds, health, and safety
3. How did World War I and World War II influence nursing?
a) They increased focus on service to the patient.
b) They offered nurse’s aide certification.
c) They offered a career in the military.
d) They pressured states to mandate requirements for nurses.
4. What is the difference between approved nursing programs and accredited nursing programs?
a) There is no difference.
b) Approved programs meet minimum state requirements, whereas accredited programs
arereviewed by a professional organization with higher standards than the state.
c) The accredited program requires the maximum state requirements, whereas the approved
program requires the state’s minimum requirements.
d) The approved programs are less expensive than the accredited programs.
5. The phrase holistic health care system indicates that this system’s focus is on the ________.
a) disease process of the patient
b) patient’s perceived needs
c) patient’s financial deficits
d) comprehensive care of the patient
6. What are Maslow’s five categories of basic human needs?
a) Nutrition, safety, love, confidence, and talents
b) Security, nutrition, family, self-esteem, and performance
c) Physiologic, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization
d) Safety and security, self-actualization, education, family, and employment
7. Which is included in the Patient’s Bill of Rights?
a) The patient has the right to refuse treatment and be informed of the medical consequences.
b) The patient has the right to choose the nurse who is caring for him/her in the hospital.
c) The patient has the right to discuss his/her health care provider’s practice with other providers to
determine the provider’s ethics.
d) The patient has the right to influence his/her roommate’s care while in the hospital.
8. Which falls within the LPN/LVN’s roles and responsibilities?
a) Supervise nurse’s aides, registered nurses, and respiratory technicians
b) Practice under a physician’s license
c) Obtain and maintain current licensure and practice within the scope of practice
d) Medically diagnose patients who are admitted to the hospital

__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 3
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
9. A care plan is a document that outlines the _____________.
a) disease process of the patient
b) health care provider’sstrategy in caring for a patient
c) methods used to meet the patient’s needs by the health care team
d) general strategy of the unit in which the patient is admitted
10. The term health means ___________.
a) condition of physical, mental, and social well-being, and absence of disease
b) without disease
c) without disease, illness, or physical pain
d) without worry or physical difficulties

4 Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing ___________________________________________________________
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
Chapter Pretest Answers
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. c
10. a
CHAPTER BACKGROUND ASSESSMENT
Discuss these questions with your students prior to covering this chapter to understand where they stand
in relation to the content.
Question:What standards did Florence Nightingale contribute to nursing, and how have they affected the
standards of the nursing profession today?
Answer:Florence Nightingale’s standards of good hygiene, sanitation, patient observation, accurate
recordkeeping, nutritional improvements, and introduction of medical equipment have been incorporated
into present nursing education and the nursing profession.
Question: Why did professional nursing organizations develop in the twentieth century, and what is their
purpose today?
Answer: In the beginning of the twentieth century, LPN nursing programs varied from each other.
Because of World War I and World War II, the demand for nurses increased and it became apparent that
standards within the profession were necessary. The Association of Practical Nurse Schools was founded
in 1941 and planned the curriculum for the LPN profession. This has evolved into the National League for
Nursing (NLN), which provides accreditation for nursing programs. The NLN has set standards that
accredited nursing programs must follow to receive the organization’s accreditation. These standards
provide continuity within the nursing profession.

__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 5
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
Instructor Preparation Textbook Objectives Covered
1. Describe the evolution of nursing and nursing education from early civilization to the twentieth
century.
2. Identify the major leaders of nursing history in America.
3. Discuss the significant changes in nursing in the twenty-first century.
4. Discuss societal influences on nursing.
5. Identify the major organizations in nursing.
6. Define the three purposes of National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service
(NAPNES) and National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN).
Lesson Preparation Checklist
• Prepare lecture from TEACH lecture slides available on Evolve.
• Assemble materials and supplies needed for each lesson as indicated below.
Materials and Supplies
• computer and PowerPoint
projector
• guest speakers: male
nurse, disaster response
team nurse
Key Terms
• accreditation (FAAHN p. 10,
FON p. 10)
• approved program (FAAHN p.
10, FON p. 10)
• articulation (FAAHN p. 10,
FON p. 10)
• certification (FAAHN p. 13,
FON p. 13)
• health (FAAHN p. 17, FON p.
17)
• health care system (FAAHN
p. 12, FON p. 12)
• holistic (FAAHN p. 13, FON p.
13)
• holistic health care (FAAHN
p. 12

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__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 7
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
6 READ – Textbook (FAAHN pp. 9-10, FON pp. 9-10)
ANSWER – Text
• NCLEX Review: 4 (FAAHN pp. 19-20, FON pp. 19-20)
ANSWER – Study Guide
• Short Answer: 12 (FAAHN p. 2, FON p. 2)
SIMCHART
• Lesson Plan: Using the EHR to Communicate
• Lesson Plan: Documentation as a UAP
50-Minute Lesson Plan Lecture Outline 30 minutes
Slide 01 Chapter 1
The Evolution of Nursing
1
Slide 02 The History of Nursing and Nursing Education
• Factors that have changed nursing
• How we care for the sick
• The way people live
• The relationship of people with their environment
• The search for knowledge and truth through education
• Technologic advances
TALKING POINTS:
•

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8 Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing ___________________________________________________________
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
Slide 05 Nursing Education in the Nineteenth Century cont’d
Florence Nightingale
• Known as “Lady of the Lamp”
• Credited as the first nursing theorist
• Helped to shift the views of nursing education
TALKING POINTS:
• What influences did Florence Nightingale have on the hospital environment during the
Crimean War?
• Why is Florence Nightingale known as the “Lady of the Lamp”?
Slide 06 Nursing Education in the Nineteenth Century cont’d
Nursing from Occupation to Profession
• Florence Nightingale began the reformation of nursing
• Established nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London
• Promoted new standards of nursing
• “Nightingale Plan” established
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss the “Nightingale Plan” as a model for nursing education.
• What significant changes did Florence Nightingale make that are used in nursing today?
• Discuss the impact of American nursing leaders (see Table 1-1).
Slide 07 Changes in Nursing During the Twentieth Century
• Licensing of Nursing
• First states to mandate licensure
• National League for Nursing (NLN)
• American Nurses Association (ANA)
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss the differences between the NLN and ANA on licensure and education.

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__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 9
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
3
&
4
Slide 09 Significant Changes in Nursing During the Twenty-First Century
• Demographic changes
• Women’s health care issues
• Men in nursing
• Human rights
• Medically underserved
• Nursing shortage
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the significant changes seen in nursing in the
twenty-first century.
Slide 10 Development of Practical and Vocational Nursing
• Attendant nurses—3 months education
• Practical nursing programs improved educational standards
• Federal funds helped recruitment of men and women
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss the differences between the attendant nurse and the practical nurse.
5
&
6
Slide 11 Organizational Influence
• Association of Practical Nurse Schools
• Founded 1941
• Dedicated to practical nursing

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10 Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing ___________________________________________________________
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
Slide 14 Contemporary Practical and Vocational Nursing Education
• Types of practical nursing programs offered for LPN/LVNs
• Programs must meet minimum state standards
• Length 12-18 months
• Articulation agreements
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss the value of articulation agreements in nursing education.
Slide 15 Career Advancement
• Career ladders
• Professional and educational portfolio
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss the criteria that would be utilized for a career ladder in a long-term care facility
versus a hospital or acute care setting.
Slide 16 Factors that Influenced Practical and Vocational Nursing
• Need for trained caregivers
• World War I
• The self-taught practical nurse
• Duties of LPN/LVNs
• Position paper of the American Nurses Association
TALKING POINTS:
• Discuss how the LPN/LVN has evolved through the centuries.
Slide 17 Licensure for Practical and Vocational Nursing
•

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__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 11
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
Slide 19 Question 2
Florence Nightingale gained respect from the medical community for:(Select all that apply.)
1. establishing a nursing school in London.
2. institutingsanitary conditions and promoting nutrition to the sick.
3. significantly decreasing the mortality rate of the soldiers.
4. patience, dedication, and empathic treatment of soldiers.
TALKING POINTS:
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Slide 20 Question 3
What significant change is seen in twenty-first century nursing practice?
1. Number of men in nursing has decreased.
2. Presently, health care costs account for over 28% of the USgross domestic product.
3. Life expectancy is changing, decreasing the needs of our geriatric population.
4. Recognition of the unique health needs of women in areas such as reproductive health,
heart disease, and cancer.
TALKING POINTS:
Answer: 4
Activities
ClassroomChoose from below to make 20 minutes Online
1 ASSESS BASELINE
• Have the class complete the Pretest. Collect
their work and use the results to guide how
you teach the class.
DISCUSS

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12 Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing ___________________________________________________________
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
2 DISCUSS
• Discuss the hospital environment prior to
Florence Nightingale’s influence and how
her principles changed the hospital
environment and nursing care in the
nineteenth century.
GAME
• Take six pieces of paper and on each write
one of the following categories: good
hygiene, sanitation, patient observation,
accurate recordkeeping, nutritional
improvement, and introduction of new
medical equipment.Wad the papers into
balls. Throw one of the wadded balls to a
group of students. The student who catches
the ball or is nearest to an uncaught ball is to
open the paper and read the category. The
student is to comment on the rationale
behind these categories and why they are
important to nursing. The student then gets
to choose one of the remaining five wads of
paper and throw it at a group of students
who have to follow the same actions listed
above. This is repeated until all wads of
paper are discussed.
POST & COMMENT
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment. What is the “Nightingale
Plan” and how did it influence nursing
education?
3 DISCUSS
• Discuss how circumstances in the twenty-
first century have changed how nursing care
is delivered.
GUEST SPEAKERS
• Invite a male nurse and a nurse who is
involved with a disaster response team to
speak to the class about their roles as
nurses.
POST & COMMENT
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment. Discuss the importance
of nurses being aware of the issues that
pose potential problems in the delivery of
nursing care.
4 DISCUSS
• Discuss the development of the American
Nurses Association (ANA) and how it
influences nursing today.
PRESENT
• Bring to the class pictures of nursing hats,
pins, and lamps that resemble those used
during Florence Nightingale’s era. Ask
students to bring any of these actual items to
class that may belong to family or friends
who are nurses.
POST & COMMENT
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment. Discusswhat
circumstances caused the requirement for
licensure.
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment.

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__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 13
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.1
5 DISCUSS
• Discuss the progression and rationale from
the Association of Practical Nurse Schools
to the development of the National
Association of Practical Nurse Education.
PRESENT
• Divide the classroom into three groups. One
group will represent an “approved nursing
program,” another group will represent an
“accredited nursing program,” and the third
group will be a group of potential nursing
students who are determining in which
program to enroll. The groups are to try to
persuade the students to enroll in their
program. After a few minutes of promoting
their programs, the third group is to choose
which program they would enroll in and the
rationale for their choice.
POST & COMMENT
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment. Discuss the adoption of
LPN/LVNs into the National League for
Nursing (NLN).
6 DISCUSS
• Discuss why the nursing has professional
organizations to govern the profession.
POST & COMMENT
• Post the following topic online and have
students comment. Discuss the importance
of the development of nursing standards,
protection and promotion of the LPN/LVN
profession, and the education of the public
regarding the LPN/LVN profession.
Critical Thinking Question
What characteristics define the role of the LPN/LVN?
Guidelines:The role of the LPN/LVN is a responsible member of the health care team who
participates in professional organizations, maintains a professional appearance, and performs
within the scope of practice and legal parameters of the profession.The LPN/LVN should stay
current on educational changes within the profession to enhance his/her knowledge.The LPN/LVN
mains a current license and practices under the supervision of a medical physician, registered
nurse (RN), osteopathic physician, and/or dentist.
Instructor Notes/Student Feedback

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__________________________________________________________ Chapter 1The Evolution of Nursing 15
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th ed.
LESSON 1.2
9 READ – Textbook (FAAHN pp. 13-17, FON pp. 13-17)
REVIEW
• Figure 1-9,Nurse collaborating with other members of the interdisciplinary team (FAAHN p.
16, FON p. 16)
ANSWER – Text
• NCLEX Review: 16 (FAAHN pp. 19-20, FON pp. 19-20)
ANSWER – Study Guide
• Multiple Choice: 25 (FAAHN p. 3, FON p. 3)
10 READ – Textbook (FAAHN pp. 17-18, FON pp. 17-18)
REVIEW

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