Laboratory 8 Muscle Soreness Lab Manual

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LABORATORY8MUSCLE SORENESS ANDEXERCISE-INDUCEDMUSCLE INJURYPiirpngpLearn-Methods for measuring the time course of muscle injuryUnderstand-Mechanisms underlying muscle injury following eccentric exercise-Basic relationships between perceived exertion, fatigue, and delayed onset musclesoreness.BackgroundMost of us have experienced sore muscles following exercise or strenuous activity.Soreness that persists long after the exercise stops is called delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). This soreness is usually relatively mild, and goes away in several days. Alternatively,soreness can be severe enough to limit physical activity in normal subjects and reduce exerciseperformance in athletes—this soreness has been associated with muscle damage. Evidence formuscle damage includes ultrastructural disruption of myofibers seen with a microscope in biopsysamples, reduced muscle strength lasting long after muscle fatigue is thought to have ended, andthe presence of muscle specific proteins in the blood.Previous studies have shown that muscle injury is most often associated withunaccustomed exercise and with a particular kind of muscle action called an eccentric action.Muscle adapts rapidly to muscle damage such that repeating an exercise that had previouslycaused muscle soreness no longer does (called the protective effect or repeated bout effect). Theprotective effect is specific to the exercised muscle, can occur after a single bout of exercise, andcan last 3-4 weeks. The mechanisms associated with muscle resistance to injury on repeatedexposure to exercise stress are not fully understood and remains a fertile area for future research.Because DOMS is so common, and because it can disrupt exercise and function, it isimportant to develop a better understanding of what it is and what activities are associated withthe greatest muscle soreness. In this way we can find ways to avoid or minimize the negativeeffects of muscle soreness/injury.Procedures**Barring injury or sickness all students will perform the *exercise**The class should pair-up; groups of 3 are permissible if necessary. During each round of theexercise protocol the non-exercising student will supervise the exercise and record data. Thenon-exercising student is responsible for correcting their partner's stepping form.1. Prior to exercise, please record subjects' height, weight, age, and dominant leg. Musclesoreness will be recorded using a continuous scale (see data sheet below).2. Soreness in the calf muscle will be assessed using two methods beginning in lab

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and continuing over the following 72 hours.a. First, the observer presses on the calf firmly for 2 seconds and subjectsprovide a pain rating. This is repeated in a number of spots and the highestreading is recorded.b. Second, the subject fully flexes and extends the muscle and rates the pain. Anyalteration in the normal range of motion should be noted.3. Exercise consists of calf raising , using one leg to go up and one leg to go down (seeillustration below).The timing is one second up and 2 seconds downThis will becontinued for 50 contractions.4. During exercise, the student should note the overall rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ofthe exercise bout at 0 (baseline), 25, and 50 contractions. The student should also notethe ratings of fatigue sensations (difficulty in doing the exercise) within each leg, usingthe same scale as that used for the RPE, at 0, 25, and 50 contractions.EXERCISE PROTOCOLCalf RaiseReferencesMcCully, K.Exercise-induced muscle injury to skeletal muscle. Federation Proceedings 45:2933-2936, 1986.Warren GL, Lowe DA, Armstrong RB. Measurement tools used in the study of eccentriccontraction-induced injury. Sports Med Jan; 27(l):43-59, 1999.

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