General Chemistry, 10th Edition Solution Manual

General Chemistry, 10th Edition Solution Manual provides expertly crafted summaries and insights to boost retention.

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1CHAPTER1Chemistry and MeasurementSOLUTIONS TO EXERCISESNote on significant figures:If the final answer to a solution needs to be rounded off, it is given firstwithone nonsignificant figure, and the last significant figure is underlined. The final answer is then rounded tothe correct number of significant figures. In multistepproblems, intermediate answers are given with atleast one nonsignificant figure; however, only the final answer has been rounded off.1.1.From the law of conservation of mass,Mass of wood+mass of air=mass of ash+mass of gasesSubstituting, you obtain1.85 grams+9.45 grams=0.28 grams+mass of gasesor,Mass of gases=(1.85+9.450.28) grams=11.02 gramsThus, the mass of gases in the vessel at the end of the experiment is 11.02 grams.1.2.Physical properties: soft, silvery-colored metal; melts at 64°C.Chemical properties: reacts vigorously with water,withoxygen, and withchlorine.1.3.a.The factor 9.1 has the fewest significant figures, so the answer should be reported to twosignificant figures.5.617.8919.1= 4.86 = 4.9b.The number with the least number of decimalplaces is 8.91. Therefore, round the answer totwo decimal places.8.916.435=2.475=2.48c.The number with the least number of decimal places is 6.81. Therefore, round the answer totwo decimal places.6.816.730=0.080=0.08d.You first do the subtraction within parentheses. In this step, the number with the leastnumber of decimal places is 6.81, so the result of the subtraction has two decimal places.The least significant figure for this step is underlined.38.91(6.816.730)=38.910.080Next, perform the multiplication. In this step, the factor 0.080 has the fewest significantfigures, so round the answer to one significant figure.38.910.080=3.11=3

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