Inequality Is Increasing

Name: Inequality Is Increasing
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Author: Grace Hughes

This Class Presentation examines the rising levels of inequality and its impact on society and individuals.

Grace Hughes

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4.6

4 months ago

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Inequality
is Increasing

How Much Income
Inequality
Exists in the United States?

Lowest
20% of
recipients
4.5
4.8
5.4
5.1
4.6
4.2
12.2 24.0
12.2 23.8
11.6 24.3
10.8 23.8
9.7 22.9
12.0 23.4
41.3
40.9
41.6
44.3
47.7
42.71950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2001
17.4
17.8
17.6
17.5
16.6
15.4
Second
quintile Third
quintile Fourth
quintile
Top
20% of
recipients
Family income before taxes
3.5
4.4 10.4 24.0
8.7 23.0
44.9
50.1Before
After
14.6
16.3
Impact of taxes & transfers on 2001 household income
Sources: Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Series P-60; Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1995, Table
733; Congressional Budget Office, 1994 Green Book; and Bureau of the Census, Money Income in the United States: 2002.
Share of Money Income by Quintile
• Income inequality fell in the 1950s and 1960s, but since
the 1970s it has been increasing.
• Due to transfer programs and the progressive taxation of
income, after tax and transfer income is more equal than
before tax income.

Bottom 20%
of income
recipients
9.0
32.0
44.0
24.0
34.0
58.0
13.0
79.0
8.0
3.0Percent with less than high school
Percent with college degree or more
under 35
35 - 64
65 and over
Education of householder
49.0
51.0
7.0
93.0Married-couple family (% of total)
Single-parent family (% of total)
2.9 3.4
Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Money Income in the United States: 2001 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office 2002)
Top 20%
of income
recipients
Age of householder (percent distribution)
Family status
Persons per family
0.8 2.2Earners per family
10.0 25.0
% of total hours worked
supplied by group
13.0 63.0
% of married couple families
in which wife works full-time
High and Low Income Families, 2001

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Top paid
quintile
53.2
25.8
23.6
12.9 6.5
12.6 27.5 20.7 10.9
4.3 11.0 25.7
53.3
23.2 5.7 3.014.9
31.1 23.7
28.3
36.322.6
4.3 6.4 12.4
Next highest
quintile
Middle
quintile
Next lowest
paid quintile
Lowest paid
quintile
Source: Katherine Bradbury and Jane Katz, “Women’s Labor Market Involvement and Family Income Mobility When Marriages
End,” New England Review, Fourth Quarter 2002, pages 41-74.
Highest quintile
Next-highest-quintile
Middle-quintile
Next-lowest-paid quintile
Lowest-paid quintile
Percentage Distribution by Income Status of Family in 1998
Income Status of
Family in 1988
Income Mobility
• The table above allows for us to see how families
in each income bracket in the U.S. fared 10 years later.
• Does it appear to you that there is a significant amount
of income mobility in the U.S. Economy?

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Subject

Sociology

Inequality Is Increasing

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