Jersey College Clinical Analysis Midterm Exam With Answers (248 Solved Questions)

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Foundations Midterm Jersey College1.advocatethe protection of human or legal rights and the securing ofcare for all patients based on the belief that patients havethe right to make informed decisions about their healthand lives2.caregiverThe provision of care to patients that combines boththe art and the science of nursing in meeting physical,emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs.As a caregiver, the nurse integrates the roles of commu-nicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate,and collaborator to promote wellness through activitiesthat prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate copingwith disability or death.The role of caregiver is the primaryrole of the nurse.3.4 Nursing Aims1. promotes health2. prevent illness/disease3. restore health4. facilitate coping with disability or death(die with dignity)4.FlorenceNightingaleEstablished sanitary nursing care units. Founder of mod-ern nursing. began professional education of nursing.5.nursing profes-sion criteriawell defined body of specific and unique knowledgestrong service orientedrecognized authority by a professional groupCode of EthicsProfessional organization that sets standardsOngoing researchAutonomy and self-regulation6.Standards ofNursing Practiceallow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving asprotection for the nurse, the patient, and the institutionwhere health care is provided7.Nurse PracticeActlaws established in each state in the US to regulate thepractice of nursing8.Nursing ProcessAssessmentDiagnosis1 / 26

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PlanningImplementationEvaluationUsed by the nurse to identify the patients health careneeds and strengths, to establish and carry out a careplan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effective-ness of the plan9.Sources ofKnowledgeTraditional-passed down from generation to generationAuthoritative-comes from an expertScientific-implying through research (scientific method)10.General SystemsTheoryhow to break whole things into parts and then to learnhow the parts work together in systems11.Adaptation Theo-rydefines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter toother living things and to environmental conditions12.developmentaltheoryprocess of growth and development of humans as orderlyand predictable, beginning with conception and endingwith death13.nursing theorydifferentiates nursing from other disciplines and activitiesby serving the purposes of describing, explaining, pre-dicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing carepractices14.deductive rea-soninggeneral to specific15.inductive rea-soningspecific to general16.Common Con-cepts in NursingTheoriesPerson (patient)EnvironmentHealthNursing17.Sister CallistaRoyNursing interventions are needed when individualsdemonstrate ineffective adaptive responses; adaptive2 / 26

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modes. adaptation model, relationships between per-sons, universe, god, Adaptation model: assistance withthe adaptation to stressors to facilitate the integrationprocess of the client. Theory helps the "biospsychosocial"client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur18.evidence-basedpracticein nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinicaldecisions using the best evidence available19.PICOT formatPatient populationIntervention or issue of interestComparison interventionOutcomeTime frame20.holistic healthcarecare that addresses the many dimensions that comprisethe whole person- the nurse must understand and respecteach persons own definition of health and responses toillness21.acute illnesshas a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relativelyshort time22.chronic illnessirreversible illness that causes permanent physical im-pairment and requires long-term health care23.chronic diseaseheart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity,arthritis24.Illness Behaviorsactions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges inthe behavior for the purpose of defining the state of his orher health and for discovering suitable remedies25.Illness behaviorsStage 1: Experiencing symptomsStage 2: Assuming the sick roleStage 3: Assuming a dependent roleStage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation26.The human di-mensionsPhysical-genetic inheritence, race, sexEmotional- the mind effects, stress3 / 26

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Intellectual-educational backgroundEnvironmental- housing, climateSociocultural- family and cultureSpiritual-spiritual beliefs and values27.health promotionbehavior of an individual motivated by a personal desireto increase well-being and health potential28.Risk factors forhealthage, genetic factors, physiologic factors, health habits,lifestyle, environment29.primary healthpromotionseat belts, immunizations, safe sex practices, diet and ex-ercise, reducing alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, avoiding drugs30.secondaryhealth promotionscreenings, examinations, family counseling31.tertiary healthpromotionmedication, rehabilitation, therapy, job training, treatment32.The health beliefmodelfocuses on what people perceive or believe to be trueabout themselves in relation to their health33.the health pro-motion modeldeveloped to illustrate how people interact with their en-vironment as they pursue health34.the health-illnesscontinuum-Conceptualizes a person's level of health-Views health as a constantly changing state withhigh-level wellness and death on opposite sides of acontinuum-Illustrates the dynamic (ever-changing) state of health35.theagent-host-envi-ronment modelviews the interaction between an external agent, a sus-ceptible host, and the environment as causes of diseasein a person36.Maslow's Hierar-chy of Needs(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Secu-rity, (level 3) Love and Belonging, (level 4) Self Esteem,(level 5) Self Actualization4 / 26

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37.Physiologicneeds include:oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality,physical activity, and rest38.Safety and Se-curity needs in-clude:being protected from potential or actual harm, trustingothers, being free and clear of fear, anxiety, and appre-hension39.Love and belong-ing needs in-clude:feeling of belonging to a group such as family, peers,friends, giving and receiving love40.Self-esteemneeds include:the need for one to feel good about himself, to feel pride,and a sense of accomplishment41.self-actualiza-tion needsinclude:reach their full potential through development of theirunique capabilities42.Familyany group of people who live together and depend on oneanother for physical, emotional, or financial support43.communityhealth nursingfocuses on whole populations within a community44.Communitybased nursing~ Is centered on the health care needs of individuals andfamilies45.cultureshared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns ofbehavior common to a group of people46.cultural diversityThe coexistence of different ethnic, gender, racial, andsocioeconomic groups within one social unit47.Subculturelarge group of ppl who are members of the larger culturalgroup but have a certain ethnic, occupational, or physicalcharacteristics48.cultural assimila-tionAbsorption of a culturally distinct group into a dominant orprevailing culture5 / 26

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49.ethnicityIdentity with a group of people that share distinct physicaland mental traits as a product of common heredity andcultural traditions.50.Stereotypingwhen one assumes that all members of a culture, ethnicgroup, or race act alike51.cultural blind-nessIgnores differences and proceeds as if they did not exist52.cultural imposi-tionbelief that everyone should conform to the majority beliefsystem53.cultural conflictrespond by ridiculing the beliefs of others to feel moresecure about their own54.Painis what the patient says it isNever stereotype a patients perceptions of or response topainrespect the patients rights to respond in his or her ownmannerrecognize that culture is an important component of indi-viduality55.culturally re-spectful nursingcarecare is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitiveto the needs of individuals, families, and groups fromdiverse populations within society56.cultural compe-tencehaving an awareness and acceptance of cultures and theability to interact effectively with people of diverse cultures57.ethical problemspaternalism, deception, privacy and social media, con-fidentiality,allocation of scarce nursing resources, validconsent, conflicts concerning new technologies, unpro-fessional incompetent unethical or illegal physician prac-tice, short staffing issues, beginning of life issues, end- oflife issues58.modelingChildren learn what is of high or low value by observingparents, peers, and significant others.6 / 26

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59.MoralizingTaught complete value system that allows little opportu-nity to assess their own values.x church or school60.Laissez-faireleave children to explore values on their own61.rewards and pun-ishmentschildren are rewarded for demonstrating values held byparents and punished for demonstrating unacceptablevalues62.responsiblechoiceencourage children to explore competing values and toweigh their consequences63.autonomyright to self-determination64.alturisma concern for others; generosity65.Social Justiceupholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles66.Bioethicsa number of fields and disciplines grouped broadly underthe rubric "the life sciences"67.nursing ethicsa subset of bioethics; formal study of ethical issues thatarise in the practice of nursing and of the analysis usedby nurses to make ethical judgments68.Nonmaleficencedo no harm69.fidelitykeeping promises and commitments made to others70.Beneficenceto do good71.moral distressoccurs when the individual knows the right thing to do butorganizational constraints make it difficult to take the rightcourse of action72.ethical dilemmaa situation in which you have to decide whether to pursuea course of action that may benefit you or your organiza-tion but that is unethical or even illegal73.Common Lawcourt made law- let the decision stand7 / 26

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