Julien's Primer of Drug Action Thirteenth Edition Test Bank

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Page11.Which of the following activities is NOT a function of the spinal cord?A)carrying sensory information from “body”(that is, skin, muscles, joints, andinternals organs) to brainB)carrying motor information from brain to “body”C)modulating sensory information en route from “body” to brainD)initiating motor commands to “body”2.The brain stemincludes all but the following:A)pons.B)medulla.C)midbrain.D)thalamus.3.The brain stemis involved in all of the following functions, EXCEPT:A)attention.B)filtering.C)arousal.D)behavioral alerting (vigilance).4.The diencephalonincludes all but the following:A)hypothalamus.B)pituitary gland.C)subthalamus.D)cerebrum.5.The correct sequence for hormone release is the following:A)pituitary gland→hypothalamus→target organ.B)hypothalamus→pituitary gland→target organ.C)pituitary gland→target organ→hypothalamus.D)hypothalamus→target organ→pituitary gland.6.The hypothalamusis a motivating force behind all the following behaviors, EXCEPT:A)the drive to eat.B)the drive to drink.C)the drive for sex.D)the rage response.

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Page27.Which of the following is NOT a member of the limbic system?A)hypothalamusB)amygdalaC)hippocampusD)dopamine-rich reward centers8.The basic cellular unit of the central nervous system is the:A)nerve.B)tract.C)axon.D)neuron.9.In neurophysiology, the termexocytosisapplies to:A)the neural cell body.B)the presynapticterminal of the neural cell.C)the vesicles of the neural cell.D)both the presynaptic terminal and the vesicles of the neural cell.10.The conduction velocity of two neurons was compared.The action potential wasconducted much faster in Neuron A than in Neuron B.These data suggest that:A)Neuron A is shorter than Neuron B.B)Neuron B must possess a myelin sheath.C)Neuron B is found in the spinal cord.D)Neuron A possesses a myelin sheath.11.The nucleus of a neural cell is found in the:A)soma.B)dendrite.C)axon.D)presynaptic terminal.12.Administration of the psychedelic drug scopolamine results in:A)blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors.B)increased degradation of ACh.C)decreased synthesis of ACh.D)increased levels of ACh.

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Page313.Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase(AChE) results in:A)blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors.B)increased degradation of ACh.C)decreased synthesis of ACh.D)increased levels of ACh.14.Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) results in:A)blockade ofpostsynaptic ACh receptors.B)increased degradation of ACh.C)decreased degradation of ACh.D)decreased synthesis of ACh.15.Insecticides produce their effects by:A)blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors.B)increasing degradation of ACh.C)decreasing synthesis of ACh.D)increasing levels of ACh.16.Nerve gases such asSarinproduce their effects by:A)blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors.B)increasing degradation of ACh.C)decreasing synthesis of ACh.D)increasing levels of ACh.17.Reversible acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors are used clinically to treat:A)Parkinson's disease.B)multiple sclerosis.C)muscular dystrophy.D)Alzheimer's disease.18.Muscarinic receptors are:A)ionotropic.B)metabotropic.C)“fast.”D)presynaptic.

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Page419.Thecatecholaminesinclude all of the following neurotransmitters, EXCEPT:A)norepinephrine (NE).B)dopamine (DA).C)serotonin (5-HT).D)epinephrine (E).20.The mechanism of action of theMAO inhibitorantidepressants is:A)blockade of receptors (antagonist action).B)blockade of neurotransmitter reuptake (reuptake inhibitor).C)blockade of enzymaticbreakdown of neurotransmitter.D)increase in release of neurotransmitter.21.An experimental lesion is performed in a mouse resulting in a dramatic change in theamount of REM sleep displayed by the animal.Based on what you know aboutneurotransmitters, the most reasonable conclusion is that the circuit involved must use:A)dopamine.B)acetylcholine.C)glutamate.D)GABA.22.In neurochemistry, the termsalphaandbetarefer to subtypes of the neurotransmitter:A)NE.B)DA.C)5-HT.D)E.23.A new drug has been developed that improves psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics.Based on current knowledge in behavioral pharmacology, the ______ receptor is apossible site of action.A)D1B)D5C)D2AD)D6B24.Cell bodies of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) originate from the _____; itsprecursor (that is, the chemical from which it is directly converted) is _____.A)midbrain; l-dopaB)midbrain; dopamineC)locus coeruleus; l-dopaD)locuscoeruleus; dopamine

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Page525.Noradrenergic pathways:A)originate in the forebrain.B)project down the spinal cord to produce analgesic effects..C)regulate hormone release from the pituitary.D)project from the substantia nigrato the cerebellum.26.The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitternorepinephrine (NE) in the brain is:A)the raphe nuclei.B)the substantia nigra.C)the basal ganglia.D)the locus coeruleus.27.Antipsychoticmedications chiefly affect the neurotransmitter:A)NE.B)DA.C)5-HT.D)E.28.Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are used clinically to treat:A)bipolar disorder.B)schizophrenia.C)panic disorder.D)Alzheimer's disease.29.Alterations in the function of the following neurotransmitter and/or its receptorstypically affect central motor systems:A)ACh.B)DA.C)5-HT.D)NE.30.The neurotransmittersmost clearly implicated in reward mechanisms and orientingresponses, respectively, are:A)5-HT and DA.B)DA and 5-HT.C)DA and NE.D)NE and DA.

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Page631.The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitter serotonin(5-HT) in the brain is the:A)raphe nuclei.B)substantia nigra.C)basal ganglia.D)locus coeruleus.32.The neurotransmitterthought to be involved in a variety of processes including sleep,sex, affective disorders, and pain is:A)ACh.B)DA.C)5-HT.D)NE.33.The most common inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmittersin the brain are,respectively:A)NE and 5-HT.B)NE and GABA.C)glutamate and GABA.D)GABA and glutamate.34.The psychedelic drugs phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine block receptors for theneurotransmitter:A)DA.B)NE.C)5-HT.D)glutamate.35.Blockade of the following receptor produces effects ranging from hallucinations toprotection from excitotoxicity and head injury:A)NMDA.B)kainate.C)AMPA.D)quisqualate.

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Page736.The benzodiazepine anxiolyticsand barbiturate sedatives bind to the ligand-gated ionchannel for the neurotransmitter:A)glutamate.B)GABA.C)5-HT.D)NE.37.The endogenous opoids including the enkephalins and endorphins are _____neurotransmitters.A)amino acidB)classicalC)catecholamineD)peptide

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Page8Answer Key1.D2.D3.B4.D5.B6.D7.A8.D9.D10.D11.A12.A13.D14.D15.A16.A17.D18.B19.C20.C21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.B28.B29.B30.C31.A32.C33.D34.D35.A36.B37.D

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Page11.Once a neuron in the brain dies, it is not replaced.A)TrueB)False2.New norepinephrine(NE) must be synthesized to replace each molecule that is releasedinto the synapse.A)TrueB)False3.Acetylcholine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter.A)TrueB)False4.Acetylcholine is a peptide neurotransmitter.A)TrueB)False5.Serotonin (5-HT) acts upon both “fast-responding” and “slow-responding” postsynapticreceptors.A)TrueB)False6.The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is taken back up into thepresynaptic terminal.A)TrueB)False7.The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is metabolized in the synapticcleft.A)TrueB)False8.Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors break down Ach in the synapse.A)TrueB)False

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Page29.Acetylcholinesterase(AchE) is the major active ingredient in insecticides andSarin.A)TrueB)False10.Acetylcholine esterase(AchE) is used clinically as a cognitive enhancer in patients withAlzheimer's disease.A)TrueB)False11.The majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is metabolized in the synapticcleft.A)TrueB)False12.Theneurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is may exert its effects through at least 6 receptortypes.A)TrueB)False13.Theamino acidneurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA) are widely distributed in thebrain.A)TrueB)False14.GABAacts upon both “fast-responding” and “slow-responding” postsynaptic receptors.A)TrueB)False15.Enkephalins are longer in terms of overall length of the peptide than endorphins.A)TrueB)False16.The analgesic effect of serotonin and norepinephrine agonists are thought to occur dueto a reduction in the release of substance P.A)TrueB)False

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Page3Answer Key1.B2.B3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.B9.B10.B11.B12.A13.A14.A15.B16.A

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Page11.“Metabolism” of a drug refers to the process of:A)absorption.B)distribution.C)detoxification.D)elimination.2.The quantity of drug that reachesits target is determined by its:A)absorption.B)distribution and metabolism.C)metabolism and elimination.D)absorption, distribution, and metabolism.3.The study of the movement of drugs through the body over time is termed:A)pharmacology.B)physiology.C)pharmacodynamics.D)pharmacokinetics.4.In its simplest form, “pharmacokinetics” describes a drug's:A)strength.B)time course.C)main effects.D)toxicity levels.5.The termkineticsimplies _____ and time.A)placeB)directionC)spaceD)movement6.The main difference between the two anti-anxiety drugs, lorazepam (Ativan) andtriazolam (Halcion), can best be described as:A)psychological.B)pharmacodynamic.C)homeostatic.D)pharmacokinetic.

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Page27.Drugs administered “sublingually”(under the tongue) and drugs administered orally areabsorbed mostly in the _____ and _______, respectively.A)stomach; small intestineB)small intestine; large intestineC)mouth; stomachD)mouth; small intestine8.“Enteral”drug administration involves:A)parental routes of administration.B)inhalation.C)injection.D)swallowing.9.All of the following drug attributesdecreasethe likelihood of drug absorptionEXCEPT:A)high water-solubility.B)low lipid-solubility.C)large size.D)small size.10.One substance capable of inhibiting enzymatic degradation in the liver andgastrointestinal tract is:A)SSRI-type antidepressants.B)grapefruit juice.C)carbamazepine (Tegretol).D)cytochrome P450 enzymes.11.Rectal drug administration may be used in place of oral drug administration to avoid:A)absorption into bloodstream.B)irritation to mucous membranes.C)too rapid drug absorption.D)nausea/vomiting.12.The main advantage of administering a drug through “transdermal patches” is:A)lack of irritation to tissue.B)speed of onset of drug action.C)ability to avoid absorption into bloodstream.D)relative constancy of drug levels in plasma.

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Page313.The following are disadvantages of drug administration by injection EXCEPT:A)There is little time to correct an unexpected drug reaction or accidental overdose.B)Once a drug is injected, it cannot be removed from the body as can with an orallyadministered drug.C)Drug injection requires that sterile procedures are used otherwise infection may beintroduced into the body.D)This method of drug administration is slower and the response may beunpredictable.14.With the exception of the mode employed with some gas anesthetics, the fastest modeof drug administration is:A)inhalation.B)intramuscular injection.C)subcutaneous injection.D)intravenous injection.15.The most dangerous mode of drug administration is:A)inhalation.B)intramuscular injection.C)subcutaneous injection.D)intravenous injection.16.Drawback(s) to intravenous injection, as opposed to other forms of administration, ofdrugs include all of the following EXCEPT:A)a constant danger of allergic reaction and/or respiratory collapse.B)the greatest risk of blood clots.C)the greatest risk of infection.D)an increased risk of unpredictable absorption.17.Enzymes that degrade a drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver decrease the amountof drug that reaches the circulation by a mechanism known as:A)enzymatic degradation.B)gastroenteritis.C)drug tolerance.D)first-pass metabolism.

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Page418.When administered byinjectionandinhalation,drugs enter the _____ and _____ side ofthe heart, respectively.A)right; rightB)right; leftC)left; rightD)left; left19.What are the two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillariessurrounding the brain?A)Capillaries surrounding the brain have no pores and are surrounded by membranesof astrocyte cells.B)Capillaries surrounding the brain have pores and are surrounded by membranes ofastrocyte cells.C)Capillaries surrounding the brain have no pores and are not surrounded bymembranes of astrocyte cells.D)Capillaries surrounding the brain have pores and are not surrounded by membranesof astrocyte cells.20.A drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brainmust be:A)highly water soluble.B)highly lipid soluble.C)either highly water soluble or highly lipid soluble.D)neither highly water soluble nor highly lipid soluble.21.Penicillin cannot be used to treat infections located in the central nervous systembecause:A)it is destroyed by enzymes in the brain and spinal cord.B)it cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier.C)it is too highly lipid soluble.D)it is too large a molecule to fit though pores surrounding brain cells.22.Large molecules, such as glucose and vitamins, reach the brain via:A)passive diffusion across the cell membrane.B)passive diffusion through ion channels.C)transcytosis.D)special transport systems.

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