Lecture Notes for Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
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Introduction to Networks Labs
and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Instructor’s Answer Key
Allan Johnson
and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Instructor’s Answer Key
Allan Johnson
v
About the Contributing Author
Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999, after 10 years as a business owner/operator,
to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an M.B.A. and an M.Ed. in
training and development. He taught CCNA courses at the high school level for 7 years and has
taught both CCNA and CCNP courses at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. In 2003,
Allan began to commit much of his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team,
providing services to Networking Academy instructors worldwide and creating training materi-
als. He now works full time for Cisco Networking Academy as Curriculum Lead.
About the Contributing Author
Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999, after 10 years as a business owner/operator,
to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an M.B.A. and an M.Ed. in
training and development. He taught CCNA courses at the high school level for 7 years and has
taught both CCNA and CCNP courses at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. In 2003,
Allan began to commit much of his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team,
providing services to Networking Academy instructors worldwide and creating training materi-
als. He now works full time for Cisco Networking Academy as Curriculum Lead.
vi Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
About the Technical Reviewer
Dave Holzinger has been a curriculum developer, project manager, author, and technical editor
for the Cisco Networking Academy Program in Phoenix, Arizona since 2001. Dave works on
the team that develops their online curricula including CCNA, CCNP, and IT Essentials. He has
been working with computer hardware and software since 1981. Dave has certifications from
Cisco, BICSI, and CompTIA.
About the Technical Reviewer
Dave Holzinger has been a curriculum developer, project manager, author, and technical editor
for the Cisco Networking Academy Program in Phoenix, Arizona since 2001. Dave works on
the team that develops their online curricula including CCNA, CCNP, and IT Essentials. He has
been working with computer hardware and software since 1981. Dave has certifications from
Cisco, BICSI, and CompTIA.
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vii
Credits
Figure 2-2 Screenshot of Windows 10 Ethernet Properties ©
Microsoft 2020
Figure 2-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Manual IP
Address Configuration © Microsoft 2020
Figure 2-4 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Automatic
IP Address Configuration © Microsoft 2020
Unnumbered Figure 3-2 Screenshot of Capturing from Ethernet © Wireshark
Unnumbered Figure 7-2 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP
request © Wireshark
Unnumbered Figure 7-3 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP reply ©
Wireshark
Figure 12-3 Screenshot of Windows TCP/IPv6 Properties ©
Microsoft 2020
Unnumbered Figure 13-2 Screenshot of External to PC-A with a Hop limit of 63 ©
Wireshark
Figure 17-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 Network Connection Details ©
Microsoft 2020
Figure 17-4 Screenshot of Linux Ubuntu Connection Information ©
2020 Microsoft 2020
Figure 17-5 Screenshot of Configuration Information on a macOS Host ©
2020 Apple Inc
Credits
Figure 2-2 Screenshot of Windows 10 Ethernet Properties ©
Microsoft 2020
Figure 2-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Manual IP
Address Configuration © Microsoft 2020
Figure 2-4 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Automatic
IP Address Configuration © Microsoft 2020
Unnumbered Figure 3-2 Screenshot of Capturing from Ethernet © Wireshark
Unnumbered Figure 7-2 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP
request © Wireshark
Unnumbered Figure 7-3 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP reply ©
Wireshark
Figure 12-3 Screenshot of Windows TCP/IPv6 Properties ©
Microsoft 2020
Unnumbered Figure 13-2 Screenshot of External to PC-A with a Hop limit of 63 ©
Wireshark
Figure 17-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 Network Connection Details ©
Microsoft 2020
Figure 17-4 Screenshot of Linux Ubuntu Connection Information ©
2020 Microsoft 2020
Figure 17-5 Screenshot of Configuration Information on a macOS Host ©
2020 Apple Inc
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viii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxxii
Chapter 1 Networking Today 1
Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21
Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77
Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113
Chapter 5 Number Systems 137
Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145
Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153
Chapter 8 Network Layer 193
Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205
Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229
Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269
Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 331
Chapter 13 ICMP 373
Chapter 14 Transport Layer 411
Chapter 15 Application Layer 439
Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 459
Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 505
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxxii
Chapter 1 Networking Today 1
Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21
Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77
Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113
Chapter 5 Number Systems 137
Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145
Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153
Chapter 8 Network Layer 193
Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205
Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229
Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269
Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 331
Chapter 13 ICMP 373
Chapter 14 Transport Layer 411
Chapter 15 Application Layer 439
Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 459
Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 505
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Contents ix
Contents
Introduction xxxii
Chapter 1 Networking Today 1
Networks Affect Our Lives 2
Network Components 2
End Devices, Intermediary Devices, and Media 2
Check Your Understanding: Network Components 3
Network Representations and Topologies 4
Classify and Identify Network Components 4
Topology Diagrams 5
Check Your Understanding: Network Representations and Topologies 5
Common Types of Networks 6
Compare LANs and WANs 6
Check Your Understanding: Common Types of Networks 7
Internet Connections 7
Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 7
Reliable Networks 9
Classify the Requirements for a Reliable Network 9
Check Your Understanding: Reliable Networks 10
Network Trends 10
Identify the Cloud Type 11
Check Your Understanding: Network Trends 11
Network Security 12
Check Your Understanding: Network Security 12
The IT Professional 13
1.5.7 Packet Tracer—Network Representation (Instructor Version) 14
Objectives 14
Instructions 14
Challenge Question 17
1.9.3 Lab—Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities
(Instructor Version) 18
Objectives 18
Background / Scenario 18
Required Resources 18
Instructions 18
Reflection Questions 19
Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21
Cisco IOS Access 22
Check Your Understanding: Cisco IOS Access 22
Contents
Introduction xxxii
Chapter 1 Networking Today 1
Networks Affect Our Lives 2
Network Components 2
End Devices, Intermediary Devices, and Media 2
Check Your Understanding: Network Components 3
Network Representations and Topologies 4
Classify and Identify Network Components 4
Topology Diagrams 5
Check Your Understanding: Network Representations and Topologies 5
Common Types of Networks 6
Compare LANs and WANs 6
Check Your Understanding: Common Types of Networks 7
Internet Connections 7
Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 7
Reliable Networks 9
Classify the Requirements for a Reliable Network 9
Check Your Understanding: Reliable Networks 10
Network Trends 10
Identify the Cloud Type 11
Check Your Understanding: Network Trends 11
Network Security 12
Check Your Understanding: Network Security 12
The IT Professional 13
1.5.7 Packet Tracer—Network Representation (Instructor Version) 14
Objectives 14
Instructions 14
Challenge Question 17
1.9.3 Lab—Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities
(Instructor Version) 18
Objectives 18
Background / Scenario 18
Required Resources 18
Instructions 18
Reflection Questions 19
Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21
Cisco IOS Access 22
Check Your Understanding: Cisco IOS Access 22
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x Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
IOS Navigation 23
Syntax Checker: Navigate Between IOS Modes 23
Check Your Understanding: IOS Navigation 24
The Command Structure 25
Navigate the IOS Matching Exercise 25
Hotkeys and Shortcuts 26
Basic Device Configuration 27
Apply a Basic Configuration 27
Check Your Understanding: Basic Device Configuration 28
Save Configurations 29
Ports and Addresses 29
Check Your Understanding: Ports and Addresses 30
Configure IP Addressing 30
Verify Connectivity 32
Packet Tracer Exercise 2-1: Basic Switch Configuration 33
Requirements 33
Command Reference 34
2.3.7 Packet Tracer—Navigate the IOS (Instructor Version) 35
Objectives 35
Background / Scenario 35
Instructions 35
Part 1: Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help 35
Part 2: Explore EXEC Modes 37
Part 3: Set the Clock 38
2.3.8 Lab—Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 41
Topology 41
Objectives 41
Background / Scenario 41
Required Resources 42
Instructions 42
Part 1: Access a Cisco Switch through the Serial Console Port 42
Part 2: Display and Configure Basic Device Settings 44
Part 3: (Optional) Access a Cisco Router Using a Mini-USB Console
Cable 45
Reflection Question 47
Router Interface Summary Table 48
2.5.5 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Switch Settings
(Instructor Version) 49
Objectives 49
Background / Scenario 49
Instructions 49
Part 1: Verify the Default Switch Configuration 49
IOS Navigation 23
Syntax Checker: Navigate Between IOS Modes 23
Check Your Understanding: IOS Navigation 24
The Command Structure 25
Navigate the IOS Matching Exercise 25
Hotkeys and Shortcuts 26
Basic Device Configuration 27
Apply a Basic Configuration 27
Check Your Understanding: Basic Device Configuration 28
Save Configurations 29
Ports and Addresses 29
Check Your Understanding: Ports and Addresses 30
Configure IP Addressing 30
Verify Connectivity 32
Packet Tracer Exercise 2-1: Basic Switch Configuration 33
Requirements 33
Command Reference 34
2.3.7 Packet Tracer—Navigate the IOS (Instructor Version) 35
Objectives 35
Background / Scenario 35
Instructions 35
Part 1: Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help 35
Part 2: Explore EXEC Modes 37
Part 3: Set the Clock 38
2.3.8 Lab—Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 41
Topology 41
Objectives 41
Background / Scenario 41
Required Resources 42
Instructions 42
Part 1: Access a Cisco Switch through the Serial Console Port 42
Part 2: Display and Configure Basic Device Settings 44
Part 3: (Optional) Access a Cisco Router Using a Mini-USB Console
Cable 45
Reflection Question 47
Router Interface Summary Table 48
2.5.5 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Switch Settings
(Instructor Version) 49
Objectives 49
Background / Scenario 49
Instructions 49
Part 1: Verify the Default Switch Configuration 49
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Contents xi
Part 2: Create a Basic Switch Configuration 50
Part 3: Configure a MOTD Banner 53
Part 4: Save and Verify Configuration Files to NVRAM 53
Part 5: Configure S2 54
2.7.6 Packet Tracer—Implement Basic Connectivity (Instructor Version) 55
Addressing Table 55
Objectives 55
Background 55
Instructions 55
Part 1: Perform a Basic Configuration on S1 and S2 55
Part 2: Configure the PCs 56
Part 3: Configure the Switch Management Interface 57
2.9.1 Packet Tracer—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration
(Instructor Version) 59
Addressing Table 59
Objectives 59
Scenario 59
Instructions 59
Requirements 59
2.9.2 Lab—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 62
Topology 62
Addressing Table 62
Objectives 62
Background / Scenario 62
Required Resources 63
Instructions 63
Reflection Question 70
Device Configs 71
Switch S1 (complete) 71
Switch S2 (complete) 73
Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77
The Rules 78
Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 78
Check Your Understanding: The Rules 78
Protocols 79
Check Your Understanding: Protocols 80
Protocol Suites 81
Protocol Definitions: Matching 81
Map the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 82
Check Your Understanding: Protocol Suites 83
Standards Organizations 84
Standards Organizations: Matching 84
Check Your Understanding: Standards Organizations 85
Part 2: Create a Basic Switch Configuration 50
Part 3: Configure a MOTD Banner 53
Part 4: Save and Verify Configuration Files to NVRAM 53
Part 5: Configure S2 54
2.7.6 Packet Tracer—Implement Basic Connectivity (Instructor Version) 55
Addressing Table 55
Objectives 55
Background 55
Instructions 55
Part 1: Perform a Basic Configuration on S1 and S2 55
Part 2: Configure the PCs 56
Part 3: Configure the Switch Management Interface 57
2.9.1 Packet Tracer—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration
(Instructor Version) 59
Addressing Table 59
Objectives 59
Scenario 59
Instructions 59
Requirements 59
2.9.2 Lab—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 62
Topology 62
Addressing Table 62
Objectives 62
Background / Scenario 62
Required Resources 63
Instructions 63
Reflection Question 70
Device Configs 71
Switch S1 (complete) 71
Switch S2 (complete) 73
Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77
The Rules 78
Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 78
Check Your Understanding: The Rules 78
Protocols 79
Check Your Understanding: Protocols 80
Protocol Suites 81
Protocol Definitions: Matching 81
Map the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 82
Check Your Understanding: Protocol Suites 83
Standards Organizations 84
Standards Organizations: Matching 84
Check Your Understanding: Standards Organizations 85
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xii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Reference Models 86
OSI Reference Model Layers: Matching 86
TCP/IP Model Layers: Matching 87
Data Encapsulation 87
Label the PDUs 87
Check Your Understanding: Data Encapsulation 89
Data Access 89
The Role of Addressing in Network Communications 90
Check Your Understanding: Data Access 90
3.0.3 Class Activity—Design a Communications System
(Instructor Version) 92
Objectives 92
Background / Scenario 92
Reflection Question 92
3.4.4 Lab—Research Networking Standards (Instructor Version) 94
Objectives 94
Background / Scenario 94
Required Resources 94
Instructions 94
3.5.5 Packet Tracer—Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action
(Instructor Version) 98
Objectives 98
Background 98
Instructions 98
Part 1: Examine HTTP Web Traffic 98
Part 2: Display Elements of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 101
Challenge Questions 103
3.7.9 Lab—Install Wireshark (Instructor Version) 104
Objectives 104
Background / Scenario 104
Required Resources 104
Instructions 104
3.7.10 Lab—Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic (Instructor Version) 106
Topology 106
Objectives 106
Background / Scenario 106
Required Resources 107
Instructions 107
Part 1: Capture and Analyze Local ICMP Data in Wireshark 107
Part 2: Capture and Analyze Remote ICMP Data in Wireshark 110
Reflection Question 111
Appendix A: Allowing ICMP Traffic Through a Firewall 112
Reference Models 86
OSI Reference Model Layers: Matching 86
TCP/IP Model Layers: Matching 87
Data Encapsulation 87
Label the PDUs 87
Check Your Understanding: Data Encapsulation 89
Data Access 89
The Role of Addressing in Network Communications 90
Check Your Understanding: Data Access 90
3.0.3 Class Activity—Design a Communications System
(Instructor Version) 92
Objectives 92
Background / Scenario 92
Reflection Question 92
3.4.4 Lab—Research Networking Standards (Instructor Version) 94
Objectives 94
Background / Scenario 94
Required Resources 94
Instructions 94
3.5.5 Packet Tracer—Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action
(Instructor Version) 98
Objectives 98
Background 98
Instructions 98
Part 1: Examine HTTP Web Traffic 98
Part 2: Display Elements of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 101
Challenge Questions 103
3.7.9 Lab—Install Wireshark (Instructor Version) 104
Objectives 104
Background / Scenario 104
Required Resources 104
Instructions 104
3.7.10 Lab—Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic (Instructor Version) 106
Topology 106
Objectives 106
Background / Scenario 106
Required Resources 107
Instructions 107
Part 1: Capture and Analyze Local ICMP Data in Wireshark 107
Part 2: Capture and Analyze Remote ICMP Data in Wireshark 110
Reflection Question 111
Appendix A: Allowing ICMP Traffic Through a Firewall 112
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Contents xiii
Part 1: Create a new inbound rule allowing ICMP traffic through the
firewall 112
Part 2: Disabling or deleting the new ICMP rule 112
Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113
Purpose of the Physical Layer 114
Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Physical Layer 114
Physical Layer Characteristics 115
Completion Exercise 115
Check Your Understanding: Physical Layer Characteristics 116
Copper Cabling 116
Completion Exercise 117
Compare UTP, STP, and Coaxial Characteristics 118
UTP Cabling 118
Limiting the Negative Effect of Crosstalk 118
UTP Cable Wiring Standards 118
UTP Cable Pinouts 119
Fiber-Optic Cabling 119
Completion Exercise 119
Check Your Understanding: Fiber-Optic Cabling 120
Wireless Media 121
Completion Exercise 121
Check Your Understanding: Wireless Media 122
4.6.5 Packet Tracer—Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN
(Instructor Version) 123
Addressing Table 123
Objectives 123
Background 124
Instructions 124
Part 1: Connect to the Cloud 124
Part 2: Connect Router0 124
Part 3: Connect Remaining Devices 125
Part 4: Verify Connections 125
Part 5: Examine the Physical Topology 125
4.6.6 Lab—View Wired and Wireless NIC Information
(Instructor Version) 127
Objectives 127
Background / Scenario 127
Required Resources 127
Instructions 127
Part 1: Identify and Work with PC NICs 127
Part 2: Identify and Use the System Tray Network Icons 130
Reflection Question 131
Part 1: Create a new inbound rule allowing ICMP traffic through the
firewall 112
Part 2: Disabling or deleting the new ICMP rule 112
Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113
Purpose of the Physical Layer 114
Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Physical Layer 114
Physical Layer Characteristics 115
Completion Exercise 115
Check Your Understanding: Physical Layer Characteristics 116
Copper Cabling 116
Completion Exercise 117
Compare UTP, STP, and Coaxial Characteristics 118
UTP Cabling 118
Limiting the Negative Effect of Crosstalk 118
UTP Cable Wiring Standards 118
UTP Cable Pinouts 119
Fiber-Optic Cabling 119
Completion Exercise 119
Check Your Understanding: Fiber-Optic Cabling 120
Wireless Media 121
Completion Exercise 121
Check Your Understanding: Wireless Media 122
4.6.5 Packet Tracer—Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN
(Instructor Version) 123
Addressing Table 123
Objectives 123
Background 124
Instructions 124
Part 1: Connect to the Cloud 124
Part 2: Connect Router0 124
Part 3: Connect Remaining Devices 125
Part 4: Verify Connections 125
Part 5: Examine the Physical Topology 125
4.6.6 Lab—View Wired and Wireless NIC Information
(Instructor Version) 127
Objectives 127
Background / Scenario 127
Required Resources 127
Instructions 127
Part 1: Identify and Work with PC NICs 127
Part 2: Identify and Use the System Tray Network Icons 130
Reflection Question 131
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xiv Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
4.7.1 Packet Tracer—Connect the Physical Layer (Instructor Version) 132
Objectives 132
Background 132
Part 1: Identify Physical Characteristics of Internetworking Devices 132
Part 2: Select Correct Modules for Connectivity 133
Part 3: Connect Devices 135
Part 4: Check Connectivity 135
Chapter 5 Number Systems 137
Binary Number System 138
Positional Notation 138
Convert Binary to Decimal 139
Convert Decimal to Binary 140
Activity: Binary Game 140
Hexadecimal Number System 140
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion 142
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion 142
Check Your Understanding: Hexadecimal Number System 142
Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145
Purpose of the Data Link Layer 146
Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Data Link Layer 147
Topologies 148
Completion Exercise 148
Check Your Understanding: Topologies 149
Data Link Frame 150
Label the Generic Frame Fields 150
Check Your Understanding: Data Link Frame 150
Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153
Ethernet Frames 154
Identify the Ethernet Frame Attributes 154
Check Your Understanding: Ethernet Switching 155
Ethernet MAC Address 156
Completion Exercise 156
The MAC Address Table 157
LAN Switches 157
Build the MAC Address Table 157
Forward the Frame 158
Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 161
Compare Switch Forwarding Methods 162
Port Settings Completion Exercise 162
Check Your Understanding: Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 163
4.7.1 Packet Tracer—Connect the Physical Layer (Instructor Version) 132
Objectives 132
Background 132
Part 1: Identify Physical Characteristics of Internetworking Devices 132
Part 2: Select Correct Modules for Connectivity 133
Part 3: Connect Devices 135
Part 4: Check Connectivity 135
Chapter 5 Number Systems 137
Binary Number System 138
Positional Notation 138
Convert Binary to Decimal 139
Convert Decimal to Binary 140
Activity: Binary Game 140
Hexadecimal Number System 140
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion 142
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion 142
Check Your Understanding: Hexadecimal Number System 142
Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145
Purpose of the Data Link Layer 146
Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Data Link Layer 147
Topologies 148
Completion Exercise 148
Check Your Understanding: Topologies 149
Data Link Frame 150
Label the Generic Frame Fields 150
Check Your Understanding: Data Link Frame 150
Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153
Ethernet Frames 154
Identify the Ethernet Frame Attributes 154
Check Your Understanding: Ethernet Switching 155
Ethernet MAC Address 156
Completion Exercise 156
The MAC Address Table 157
LAN Switches 157
Build the MAC Address Table 157
Forward the Frame 158
Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 161
Compare Switch Forwarding Methods 162
Port Settings Completion Exercise 162
Check Your Understanding: Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 163
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Contents xv
7.1.6 Lab—Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames
(Instructor Version) 164
Topology 164
Objectives 164
Background / Scenario 164
Required Resources 165
Instructions 165
Part 1: Examine the Header Fields in an Ethernet II Frame 165
Part 2: Use Wireshark to Capture and Analyze Ethernet Frames 168
Reflection Question 171
7.2.7 Lab—View Network Device MAC Addresses (Instructor Version) 172
Topology 172
Addressing Table 172
Objectives 172
Background / Scenario 172
Required Resources 173
Instructions 173
Part 1: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 173
Part 2: Display, Describe, and Analyze Ethernet MAC Addresses 174
Reflection Questions 178
Device Config 178
Switch S1 178
7.3.7 Lab—View the Switch MAC Address Table (Instructor Version) 181
Topology 181
Addressing Table 181
Objectives 181
Background / Scenario 181
Required Resources 182
Instructions 182
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network 182
Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table 183
Reflection Question 188
Device Configs 188
Switch S1 188
Switch S2 190
Chapter 8 Network Layer 193
Network Layer Characteristics 194
Network Layer Operations 194
Characteristics of IP 194
Check Your Understanding: IP Characteristics 195
IPv4 Packet 195
Fields of the IPv4 Packet 196
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Packet 196
7.1.6 Lab—Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames
(Instructor Version) 164
Topology 164
Objectives 164
Background / Scenario 164
Required Resources 165
Instructions 165
Part 1: Examine the Header Fields in an Ethernet II Frame 165
Part 2: Use Wireshark to Capture and Analyze Ethernet Frames 168
Reflection Question 171
7.2.7 Lab—View Network Device MAC Addresses (Instructor Version) 172
Topology 172
Addressing Table 172
Objectives 172
Background / Scenario 172
Required Resources 173
Instructions 173
Part 1: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 173
Part 2: Display, Describe, and Analyze Ethernet MAC Addresses 174
Reflection Questions 178
Device Config 178
Switch S1 178
7.3.7 Lab—View the Switch MAC Address Table (Instructor Version) 181
Topology 181
Addressing Table 181
Objectives 181
Background / Scenario 181
Required Resources 182
Instructions 182
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network 182
Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table 183
Reflection Question 188
Device Configs 188
Switch S1 188
Switch S2 190
Chapter 8 Network Layer 193
Network Layer Characteristics 194
Network Layer Operations 194
Characteristics of IP 194
Check Your Understanding: IP Characteristics 195
IPv4 Packet 195
Fields of the IPv4 Packet 196
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Packet 196
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xvi Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
IPv6 Packet 197
Fields of the IPv6 Packet 197
Check Your Understanding: IPv6 Packet 198
How a Host Routes 198
Completion Exercise 198
Check Your Understanding: How a Host Routes 200
Introduction to Routing 200
Routing Table Entry: Matching 202
Check Your Understanding: Introduction to Routing 203
Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205
MAC and IP 206
Identify the MAC and IP Addresses 206
Check Your Understanding: MAC and IP 207
ARP 207
Completion Exercise 207
Check Your Understanding: ARP 209
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 210
Five ICMPv6 Messages 210
Check Your Understanding: Neighbor Discovery 210
9.1.3 Packet Tracer—Identify MAC and IP Addresses
(Instructor Version) 211
Objectives 211
Background 211
Instructions 211
Part 1: Gather PDU Information for Local Network Communication 211
Part 2: Gather PDU Information for Remote Network
Communication 212
Reflection Questions 213
Suggested Scoring Rubric 215
9.2.9 Packet Tracer—Examine the ARP Table (Instructor Version) 216
Addressing Table 216
Objectives 216
Background 216
Instructions 216
Part 1: Examine an ARP Request 216
Part 2: Examine a Switch MAC Address Table 218
Part 3: Examine the ARP Process in Remote Communications 219
9.3.4 Packet Tracer—IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (Instructor Version) 221
Addressing Table 221
Objectives 221
Background 221
Instructions 221
IPv6 Packet 197
Fields of the IPv6 Packet 197
Check Your Understanding: IPv6 Packet 198
How a Host Routes 198
Completion Exercise 198
Check Your Understanding: How a Host Routes 200
Introduction to Routing 200
Routing Table Entry: Matching 202
Check Your Understanding: Introduction to Routing 203
Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205
MAC and IP 206
Identify the MAC and IP Addresses 206
Check Your Understanding: MAC and IP 207
ARP 207
Completion Exercise 207
Check Your Understanding: ARP 209
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 210
Five ICMPv6 Messages 210
Check Your Understanding: Neighbor Discovery 210
9.1.3 Packet Tracer—Identify MAC and IP Addresses
(Instructor Version) 211
Objectives 211
Background 211
Instructions 211
Part 1: Gather PDU Information for Local Network Communication 211
Part 2: Gather PDU Information for Remote Network
Communication 212
Reflection Questions 213
Suggested Scoring Rubric 215
9.2.9 Packet Tracer—Examine the ARP Table (Instructor Version) 216
Addressing Table 216
Objectives 216
Background 216
Instructions 216
Part 1: Examine an ARP Request 216
Part 2: Examine a Switch MAC Address Table 218
Part 3: Examine the ARP Process in Remote Communications 219
9.3.4 Packet Tracer—IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (Instructor Version) 221
Addressing Table 221
Objectives 221
Background 221
Instructions 221
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Contents xvii
Part 1: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Local Network 221
Part 2: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Remote Network 224
Reflection Questions 227
Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229
Configure Initial Router Settings 230
Basic Router Configuration Exercise 230
Configure Initial Settings Exercise 231
Configure Interfaces 232
Configure Router Interfaces Exercise 232
Packet Tracer Exercise 10-1: Basic Router Configuration 234
Configure the Default Gateway 234
Command Reference 235
10.1.4 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Router Settings
(Instructor Version) 236
Objectives 236
Background 236
Instructions 236
Part 1: Verify the Default Router Configuration 236
Part 2: Configure and Verify the Initial Router Configuration 237
Part 3: Save the Running Configuration File 239
10.3.4 Packet Tracer—Connect a Router to a LAN (Instructor Version) 241
Addressing Table 241
Objectives 241
Background 241
Part 1: Display Router Information 242
Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces 244
Part 3: Verify the Configuration 245
10.3.5 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Default Gateway Issues
(Instructor Version) 247
Addressing Table 247
Objectives 247
Background 247
Instructions 248
Part 1: Verify Network Documentation and Isolate Problems 248
Part 2: Implement, Verify, and Document Solutions 249
10.4.3 Packet Tracer—Basic Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 250
Topology 250
Addressing Table 250
Objectives 250
Scenario 250
Requirements 251
Part 1: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Local Network 221
Part 2: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Remote Network 224
Reflection Questions 227
Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229
Configure Initial Router Settings 230
Basic Router Configuration Exercise 230
Configure Initial Settings Exercise 231
Configure Interfaces 232
Configure Router Interfaces Exercise 232
Packet Tracer Exercise 10-1: Basic Router Configuration 234
Configure the Default Gateway 234
Command Reference 235
10.1.4 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Router Settings
(Instructor Version) 236
Objectives 236
Background 236
Instructions 236
Part 1: Verify the Default Router Configuration 236
Part 2: Configure and Verify the Initial Router Configuration 237
Part 3: Save the Running Configuration File 239
10.3.4 Packet Tracer—Connect a Router to a LAN (Instructor Version) 241
Addressing Table 241
Objectives 241
Background 241
Part 1: Display Router Information 242
Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces 244
Part 3: Verify the Configuration 245
10.3.5 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Default Gateway Issues
(Instructor Version) 247
Addressing Table 247
Objectives 247
Background 247
Instructions 248
Part 1: Verify Network Documentation and Isolate Problems 248
Part 2: Implement, Verify, and Document Solutions 249
10.4.3 Packet Tracer—Basic Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 250
Topology 250
Addressing Table 250
Objectives 250
Scenario 250
Requirements 251
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xviii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
10.4.4 Lab—Build a Switch and Router Network (Instructor Version) 252
Topology 252
Addressing Table 252
Objectives 252
Background / Scenario 252
Required Resources 253
Instructions 254
Part 1: Set Up Topology and Initialize Devices 254
Part 2: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 254
Part 3: Display Device Information 257
Reflection Questions 261
Router Interface Summary Table 261
Device Configs 262
Router R1 262
Switch S1 264
Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269
IPv4 Address Structure 270
Network and Host Portions 270
IPv4 Subnet Mask 270
The Prefix Length 271
Determining the Network: Logical AND 271
ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272
Activity: ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Address Structure 273
IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 274
Types of IPv4 Addresses 274
Public and Private Addresses 274
Special Use IPv4 Addresses 274
Legacy Classful Addressing 275
Assignment of IP Addresses 275
Check Your Understanding: Types of IPv4 Addresses 276
Network Segmentation 276
Broadcast Domains and Segmentation 276
Problems with Large Broadcast Domains 276
Reasons for Segmenting Networks 277
Check Your Understanding: Network Segmentation 277
Subnet an IPv4 Network 277
Subnetting in Four Steps 278
Subnetting Example 278
Subnetting Scenario 1 280
Subnetting Scenario 2 280
Subnetting Scenario 3 280
10.4.4 Lab—Build a Switch and Router Network (Instructor Version) 252
Topology 252
Addressing Table 252
Objectives 252
Background / Scenario 252
Required Resources 253
Instructions 254
Part 1: Set Up Topology and Initialize Devices 254
Part 2: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 254
Part 3: Display Device Information 257
Reflection Questions 261
Router Interface Summary Table 261
Device Configs 262
Router R1 262
Switch S1 264
Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269
IPv4 Address Structure 270
Network and Host Portions 270
IPv4 Subnet Mask 270
The Prefix Length 271
Determining the Network: Logical AND 271
ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272
Activity: ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Address Structure 273
IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 274
Types of IPv4 Addresses 274
Public and Private Addresses 274
Special Use IPv4 Addresses 274
Legacy Classful Addressing 275
Assignment of IP Addresses 275
Check Your Understanding: Types of IPv4 Addresses 276
Network Segmentation 276
Broadcast Domains and Segmentation 276
Problems with Large Broadcast Domains 276
Reasons for Segmenting Networks 277
Check Your Understanding: Network Segmentation 277
Subnet an IPv4 Network 277
Subnetting in Four Steps 278
Subnetting Example 278
Subnetting Scenario 1 280
Subnetting Scenario 2 280
Subnetting Scenario 3 280
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Contents xix
VLSM Addressing Schemes 281
VLSM Review 281
VLSM Addressing Design Exercises 283
11.5.5 Packet Tracer—Subnet an IPv4 Network (Instructor Version) 288
Addressing Table 288
Objectives 288
Background / Scenario 288
Instructions 289
Part 1: Subnet the Assigned Network 289
Part 2: Configure the Devices 292
Part 3: Test and Troubleshoot the Network 293
Device Configs 293
CustomerRouter 293
LAN-A 294
LAN-B 294
PC-A 294
PC-B 294
11.6.6 Lab—Calculate IPv4 Subnets (Instructor Version) 295
Objectives 295
Background / Scenario 295
Required Resources 295
Instructions 295
Problem 1 295
Problem 2 296
Problem 3 296
Problem 4 297
Problem 5 297
Problem 6 298
Reflection Question 298
11.7.5 Packet Tracer—Subnetting Scenario (Instructor Version) 299
Addressing Table 299
Objectives 299
Scenario 299
Instructions 299
Part 1: Design an IP Addressing Scheme 299
Part 2: Assign IP Addresses to Network Devices and Verify
Connectivity 301
Device Configs 302
R1 302
S3 302
PC4 302
VLSM Addressing Schemes 281
VLSM Review 281
VLSM Addressing Design Exercises 283
11.5.5 Packet Tracer—Subnet an IPv4 Network (Instructor Version) 288
Addressing Table 288
Objectives 288
Background / Scenario 288
Instructions 289
Part 1: Subnet the Assigned Network 289
Part 2: Configure the Devices 292
Part 3: Test and Troubleshoot the Network 293
Device Configs 293
CustomerRouter 293
LAN-A 294
LAN-B 294
PC-A 294
PC-B 294
11.6.6 Lab—Calculate IPv4 Subnets (Instructor Version) 295
Objectives 295
Background / Scenario 295
Required Resources 295
Instructions 295
Problem 1 295
Problem 2 296
Problem 3 296
Problem 4 297
Problem 5 297
Problem 6 298
Reflection Question 298
11.7.5 Packet Tracer—Subnetting Scenario (Instructor Version) 299
Addressing Table 299
Objectives 299
Scenario 299
Instructions 299
Part 1: Design an IP Addressing Scheme 299
Part 2: Assign IP Addresses to Network Devices and Verify
Connectivity 301
Device Configs 302
R1 302
S3 302
PC4 302
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xx Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
11.9.3 Packet Tracer—VLSM Design and Implementation Practice
(Instructor Version) 303
Topology 303
Addressing Table 303
Objectives 303
Background 303
Instructions 304
Part 1: Examine the Network Requirements 304
Part 2: Design the VLSM Addressing Scheme 305
Part 3: Assign IP Addresses to Devices and Verify Connectivity 305
Instructor Notes: 306
Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.11.48.0/24 306
Building 1 307
ASW3 307
Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.31.103.0/24 307
Branch 1 308
Room-312 308
Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.72.0/24 308
Remote-Site1 309
Sw-3 309
11.10.1 Packet Tracer—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 310
Addressing Table 310
Objectives 310
Background / Scenario 310
Instructions 311
Requirements 311
Instructor Notes: 312
Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.1.1.0/24 312
East 313
West 313
ES-1 313
ES-2 313
WS-1 314
WS-2 314
Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.19.67.0/24 314
HQ 315
Remote 315
HQ-1 315
HQ-2 316
Remote-1 316
Remote-2 316
Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.203.0/24 316
11.9.3 Packet Tracer—VLSM Design and Implementation Practice
(Instructor Version) 303
Topology 303
Addressing Table 303
Objectives 303
Background 303
Instructions 304
Part 1: Examine the Network Requirements 304
Part 2: Design the VLSM Addressing Scheme 305
Part 3: Assign IP Addresses to Devices and Verify Connectivity 305
Instructor Notes: 306
Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.11.48.0/24 306
Building 1 307
ASW3 307
Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.31.103.0/24 307
Branch 1 308
Room-312 308
Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.72.0/24 308
Remote-Site1 309
Sw-3 309
11.10.1 Packet Tracer—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 310
Addressing Table 310
Objectives 310
Background / Scenario 310
Instructions 311
Requirements 311
Instructor Notes: 312
Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.1.1.0/24 312
East 313
West 313
ES-1 313
ES-2 313
WS-1 314
WS-2 314
Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.19.67.0/24 314
HQ 315
Remote 315
HQ-1 315
HQ-2 316
Remote-1 316
Remote-2 316
Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.203.0/24 316
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Contents xxi
Police 317
Schools 317
PD-1 318
PD-2 318
PS-101 318
PS-115 318
11.10.2 Lab—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 319
Topology 319
Objectives 319
Background / Scenario 319
Required Resources 320
Instructions 320
Part 1: Examine Network Requirements 320
Part 2: Design the VLSM Address Scheme 323
Part 3: Cable and Configure the IPv4 Network 324
Reflection Question 326
Router Interface Summary Table 326
Device Configs 326
Router BR1 (Final Configuration) 326
Router BR2 (Final Configuration) 328
Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 331
IPv4 Issues 332
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 332
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Issues 332
IPv6 Address Representation 333
IPv6 Address Types 333
IPv6 Prefix Length 333
Types of IPv6 Addresses 334
IPv6 GUA 334
GUA and LLA Static Configuration 335
Static Configuration of Global Unicast Addressing 335
Static GUA Configuration on a Windows Host 336
Static Configuration of a Link-Local Unicast Address 336
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs 337
RS and RA Messages 337
Method 1: SLAAC 338
Method 2: SLAAC and Stateless DHCPv6 338
Method 3: Stateful DHCPv6 339
EUI-64 Process 340
Randomly Generated Interface IDs 341
Check Your Understanding: Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs 341
Police 317
Schools 317
PD-1 318
PD-2 318
PS-101 318
PS-115 318
11.10.2 Lab—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 319
Topology 319
Objectives 319
Background / Scenario 319
Required Resources 320
Instructions 320
Part 1: Examine Network Requirements 320
Part 2: Design the VLSM Address Scheme 323
Part 3: Cable and Configure the IPv4 Network 324
Reflection Question 326
Router Interface Summary Table 326
Device Configs 326
Router BR1 (Final Configuration) 326
Router BR2 (Final Configuration) 328
Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 331
IPv4 Issues 332
IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 332
Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Issues 332
IPv6 Address Representation 333
IPv6 Address Types 333
IPv6 Prefix Length 333
Types of IPv6 Addresses 334
IPv6 GUA 334
GUA and LLA Static Configuration 335
Static Configuration of Global Unicast Addressing 335
Static GUA Configuration on a Windows Host 336
Static Configuration of a Link-Local Unicast Address 336
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs 337
RS and RA Messages 337
Method 1: SLAAC 338
Method 2: SLAAC and Stateless DHCPv6 338
Method 3: Stateful DHCPv6 339
EUI-64 Process 340
Randomly Generated Interface IDs 341
Check Your Understanding: Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs 341
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xxii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 LLAs 342
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 342
Subnet an IPv6 Network 342
IPv6 Subnetting Example 343
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 1 343
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 2 344
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 3 344
Check Your Understanding: Subnet an IPv6 Network 344
12.6.6 Packet Tracer—Configure IPv6 Addressing (Instructor Version) 346
Addressing Table 346
Objectives 346
Background 346
Part 1: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Router 347
Part 2: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Servers 348
Part 3: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Clients 348
Part 4: Test and Verify Network Connectivity 348
12.7.4 Lab—Identify IPv6 Addresses (Instructor Version) 350
Topology 350
Objectives 350
Background / Scenario 350
Required Resources 350
Instructions 350
Part 1: Practice with Different Types of IPv6 Addresses 350
Part 2: Examine a Host IPv6 Network Interface and Address 352
Reflection Questions 353
12.9.1 Packet Tracer—Implement a Subnetted IPv6 Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 354
Addressing Table 354
Objectives 354
Background / Scenario 354
Instructions 354
Device Configuration 355
Router R1 355
Router R2 356
12.9.2 Lab—Configure IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices
(Instructor Version) 357
Topology 357
Addressing Table 357
Objectives 357
Background / Scenario 357
Required Resources 358
Instructions 358
Part 1: Cable the Network and Configure Basic Router and Switch
Settings 358
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 LLAs 342
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 342
Subnet an IPv6 Network 342
IPv6 Subnetting Example 343
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 1 343
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 2 344
IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 3 344
Check Your Understanding: Subnet an IPv6 Network 344
12.6.6 Packet Tracer—Configure IPv6 Addressing (Instructor Version) 346
Addressing Table 346
Objectives 346
Background 346
Part 1: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Router 347
Part 2: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Servers 348
Part 3: Configure IPv6 Addressing on the Clients 348
Part 4: Test and Verify Network Connectivity 348
12.7.4 Lab—Identify IPv6 Addresses (Instructor Version) 350
Topology 350
Objectives 350
Background / Scenario 350
Required Resources 350
Instructions 350
Part 1: Practice with Different Types of IPv6 Addresses 350
Part 2: Examine a Host IPv6 Network Interface and Address 352
Reflection Questions 353
12.9.1 Packet Tracer—Implement a Subnetted IPv6 Addressing Scheme
(Instructor Version) 354
Addressing Table 354
Objectives 354
Background / Scenario 354
Instructions 354
Device Configuration 355
Router R1 355
Router R2 356
12.9.2 Lab—Configure IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices
(Instructor Version) 357
Topology 357
Addressing Table 357
Objectives 357
Background / Scenario 357
Required Resources 358
Instructions 358
Part 1: Cable the Network and Configure Basic Router and Switch
Settings 358
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Contents xxiii
Part 2: Configure IPv6 Addresses Manually 359
Part 3: Verify End-to-End Connectivity 362
Reflection Questions 362
Router Interface Summary Table 362
Device Configs 363
Router R1 (After part 1 of this lab) 363
Switch S1 (After part 1 of this lab) 365
Router R1 (Final) 367
Switch S1 (Final) 369
Chapter 13 ICMP 373
ICMP Messages 374
Host Reachability 374
Destination or Service Unreachable 374
Time Exceeded 375
ICMPv6 Messages 375
Check Your Understanding: ICMP Messages 377
Ping and Traceroute Tests 378
Ping—Test Connectivity 378
Traceroute—Test the Path 378
Command Reference 379
13.2.6 Packet Tracer—Verify IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
(Instructor Version) 379
Addressing Table 379
Objectives 380
Background 380
Part 1: Complete the Addressing Table Documentation 380
Part 2: Test Connectivity Using Ping 381
Part 3: Discover the Path by Tracing the Route 381
13.2.7 Packet Tracer—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 383
Addressing Table 383
Objectives 383
Scenario 383
Instructions 384
Part 1: Test and Restore IPv4 Connectivity 384
Part 2: Test and Restore IPv6 Connectivity 386
13.3.1 Packet Tracer—Use ICMP to Test and Correct Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 388
Addressing Table 388
Objectives 388
Background 389
Instructions 389
Part 2: Configure IPv6 Addresses Manually 359
Part 3: Verify End-to-End Connectivity 362
Reflection Questions 362
Router Interface Summary Table 362
Device Configs 363
Router R1 (After part 1 of this lab) 363
Switch S1 (After part 1 of this lab) 365
Router R1 (Final) 367
Switch S1 (Final) 369
Chapter 13 ICMP 373
ICMP Messages 374
Host Reachability 374
Destination or Service Unreachable 374
Time Exceeded 375
ICMPv6 Messages 375
Check Your Understanding: ICMP Messages 377
Ping and Traceroute Tests 378
Ping—Test Connectivity 378
Traceroute—Test the Path 378
Command Reference 379
13.2.6 Packet Tracer—Verify IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
(Instructor Version) 379
Addressing Table 379
Objectives 380
Background 380
Part 1: Complete the Addressing Table Documentation 380
Part 2: Test Connectivity Using Ping 381
Part 3: Discover the Path by Tracing the Route 381
13.2.7 Packet Tracer—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 383
Addressing Table 383
Objectives 383
Scenario 383
Instructions 384
Part 1: Test and Restore IPv4 Connectivity 384
Part 2: Test and Restore IPv6 Connectivity 386
13.3.1 Packet Tracer—Use ICMP to Test and Correct Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 388
Addressing Table 388
Objectives 388
Background 389
Instructions 389
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xxiv Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
13.3.2 Lab—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 390
Topology 390
Addressing Table 390
Objectives 391
Background / Scenario 391
Required Resources 392
Instructions 392
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network 392
Part 2: Use Ping Command for Basic cork Testing 394
Part 3: Use Tracert and Traceroute Commands for Basic Network
Testing 399
Part 4: Troubleshoot the Topology 401
Reflection Questions 403
Router Interface Summary Table 404
Device Configs 404
Router R1 404
Router ISP 406
Switch S1 408
Chapter 14 Transport Layer 411
Transportation of Data 412
Transportation Layer Responsibilities 412
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 412
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 412
The Right Transport Layer Protocol for the Right Application 412
Check Your Understanding: Transportation of Data 413
TCP Overview 414
TCP Features 414
TCP Header 415
TCP Header Fields 415
Applications That Use TCP 416
Check Your Understanding: TCP Overview 417
UDP Overview 417
UDP Features 417
UDP Header 417
Applications That Use UDP 418
Check Your Understanding: UDP Overview 419
Compare TCP and UDP 419
Port Numbers 420
Socket Pairs 420
Port Number Groups 420
Check Your Understanding: Port Numbers 421
13.3.2 Lab—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity
(Instructor Version) 390
Topology 390
Addressing Table 390
Objectives 391
Background / Scenario 391
Required Resources 392
Instructions 392
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network 392
Part 2: Use Ping Command for Basic cork Testing 394
Part 3: Use Tracert and Traceroute Commands for Basic Network
Testing 399
Part 4: Troubleshoot the Topology 401
Reflection Questions 403
Router Interface Summary Table 404
Device Configs 404
Router R1 404
Router ISP 406
Switch S1 408
Chapter 14 Transport Layer 411
Transportation of Data 412
Transportation Layer Responsibilities 412
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 412
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 412
The Right Transport Layer Protocol for the Right Application 412
Check Your Understanding: Transportation of Data 413
TCP Overview 414
TCP Features 414
TCP Header 415
TCP Header Fields 415
Applications That Use TCP 416
Check Your Understanding: TCP Overview 417
UDP Overview 417
UDP Features 417
UDP Header 417
Applications That Use UDP 418
Check Your Understanding: UDP Overview 419
Compare TCP and UDP 419
Port Numbers 420
Socket Pairs 420
Port Number Groups 420
Check Your Understanding: Port Numbers 421
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Contents xxv
TCP Communication Process 422
TCP Server Processes 422
TCP Connection Establishment 422
Session Termination 423
Control Bits Field 424
Check Your Understanding: TCP Communication Process 425
Reliability and Flow Control 425
TCP Reliability—Guaranteed and Ordered Delivery 425
TCP Reliability—Data Loss and Retransmission 426
TCP Flow Control—Window Size and Acknowledgments 426
TCP Flow Control—Maximum Segment Size (MSS) 426
TCP Flow Control—Congestion Avoidance 427
Check Your Understanding: Reliability and Flow Control 427
UDP Communication 428
UDP Datagram Reassembly 428
UDP Client Processes 428
Check Your Understanding: UDP Communication 428
Command Reference 430
14.8.1 Packet Tracer—TCP and UDP Communications
(Instructor Version) 430
Objectives 430
Background 430
Instructions 431
Part 1: Generate Network Traffic in Simulation Mode and View
Multiplexing 431
Part 2: Examine Functionality of the TCP and UDP Protocols 432
Chapter 15 Application Layer 439
Application, Presentation, and Session 440
Application Layer 440
Presentation and Session Layer 440
TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols 440
Check Your Understanding: Application, Session, Presentation 441
Peer-to-Peer 442
Check Your Understanding: Peer-to-Peer 443
Web and Email Protocols 443
Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Hypertext Markup Language 443
HTTP and HTTPS 444
Email Protocols 444
Check Your Understanding: Web and Email Protocols 444
IP Addressing Services 445
Domain Name Service 445
TCP Communication Process 422
TCP Server Processes 422
TCP Connection Establishment 422
Session Termination 423
Control Bits Field 424
Check Your Understanding: TCP Communication Process 425
Reliability and Flow Control 425
TCP Reliability—Guaranteed and Ordered Delivery 425
TCP Reliability—Data Loss and Retransmission 426
TCP Flow Control—Window Size and Acknowledgments 426
TCP Flow Control—Maximum Segment Size (MSS) 426
TCP Flow Control—Congestion Avoidance 427
Check Your Understanding: Reliability and Flow Control 427
UDP Communication 428
UDP Datagram Reassembly 428
UDP Client Processes 428
Check Your Understanding: UDP Communication 428
Command Reference 430
14.8.1 Packet Tracer—TCP and UDP Communications
(Instructor Version) 430
Objectives 430
Background 430
Instructions 431
Part 1: Generate Network Traffic in Simulation Mode and View
Multiplexing 431
Part 2: Examine Functionality of the TCP and UDP Protocols 432
Chapter 15 Application Layer 439
Application, Presentation, and Session 440
Application Layer 440
Presentation and Session Layer 440
TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols 440
Check Your Understanding: Application, Session, Presentation 441
Peer-to-Peer 442
Check Your Understanding: Peer-to-Peer 443
Web and Email Protocols 443
Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Hypertext Markup Language 443
HTTP and HTTPS 444
Email Protocols 444
Check Your Understanding: Web and Email Protocols 444
IP Addressing Services 445
Domain Name Service 445
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xxvi Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
DNS Message Format 445
DNS Hierarchy 446
The nslookup Command 446
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 447
DHCP Operation 448
Check Your Understanding: IP Addressing Services 449
File Sharing Services 449
File Transfer Protocol 449
Server Message Block 450
Check Your Understanding: File Sharing Services 451
Command Reference 452
15.4.8 Lab—Observe DNS Resolution (Instructor Version) 452
Objectives 452
Background / Scenario 452
Required Resources 452
Part 1: Observe the DNS Conversion of a URL to an IP Address 453
Part 2: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a
Website 455
Part 3: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on
Mail Servers 457
Reflection Question 457
Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 459
Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 460
Types of Threats 460
Types of Vulnerabilities 460
Physical Security 461
Network Attacks 461
Types of Malware 461
Reconnaissance Attacks 462
Access Attacks 462
Denial of Service Attacks 462
Check Your Understanding: Network Attacks 462
Network Attack Mitigation 464
Matching Exercise: Network Attack Mitigation 464
Check Your Understanding: Network Attack Mitigation 465
Device Security 465
Passwords 466
Additional Password Security 466
Enable SSH 466
Packet Tracer Exercise 16-1: SSH Configuration and Verification 467
Command Reference 468
DNS Message Format 445
DNS Hierarchy 446
The nslookup Command 446
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 447
DHCP Operation 448
Check Your Understanding: IP Addressing Services 449
File Sharing Services 449
File Transfer Protocol 449
Server Message Block 450
Check Your Understanding: File Sharing Services 451
Command Reference 452
15.4.8 Lab—Observe DNS Resolution (Instructor Version) 452
Objectives 452
Background / Scenario 452
Required Resources 452
Part 1: Observe the DNS Conversion of a URL to an IP Address 453
Part 2: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a
Website 455
Part 3: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on
Mail Servers 457
Reflection Question 457
Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 459
Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 460
Types of Threats 460
Types of Vulnerabilities 460
Physical Security 461
Network Attacks 461
Types of Malware 461
Reconnaissance Attacks 462
Access Attacks 462
Denial of Service Attacks 462
Check Your Understanding: Network Attacks 462
Network Attack Mitigation 464
Matching Exercise: Network Attack Mitigation 464
Check Your Understanding: Network Attack Mitigation 465
Device Security 465
Passwords 466
Additional Password Security 466
Enable SSH 466
Packet Tracer Exercise 16-1: SSH Configuration and Verification 467
Command Reference 468
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Contents xxvii
16.2.6 Lab—Research Network Security Threats (Instructor Version) 468
Objectives 468
Background / Scenario 469
Required Resources 469
Instructions 469
Part 1: Exploring the SANS Website 469
Part 2: Identify Recent Network Security Threats 470
Part 3: Detail a Specific Network Security Attack 471
Reflection Questions 472
16.4.6 Packet Tracer—Configure Secure Passwords and SSH
(Instructor Version) 473
Addressing Table 473
Scenario 473
Instructions 473
16.4.7 Lab—Configure Network Devices with SSH (Instructor Version) 476
Topology 476
Addressing Table 476
Objectives 476
Background / Scenario 476
Required Resources 477
Instructions 477
Part 1: Configure Basic Device Settings 477
Part 2: Configure the Router for SSH Access 478
Part 3: Configure the Switch for SSH Access 479
Part 4: SSH from the CLI on the Switch 481
Reflection Question 482
Router Interface Summary Table 482
Device Configs - Final 483
Router R1 483
Switch S1 484
16.5.1 Packet Tracer—Secure Network Devices (Instructor Version) 488
Addressing Table 488
Requirements 488
Instructions 488
Answer Scripts 489
RTR-A 489
SW-1 490
16.5.1 Lab—Secure Network Devices (Instructor Version) 491
Topology 491
Addressing Table 491
Objectives 491
Background / Scenario 491
Required Resources 492
16.2.6 Lab—Research Network Security Threats (Instructor Version) 468
Objectives 468
Background / Scenario 469
Required Resources 469
Instructions 469
Part 1: Exploring the SANS Website 469
Part 2: Identify Recent Network Security Threats 470
Part 3: Detail a Specific Network Security Attack 471
Reflection Questions 472
16.4.6 Packet Tracer—Configure Secure Passwords and SSH
(Instructor Version) 473
Addressing Table 473
Scenario 473
Instructions 473
16.4.7 Lab—Configure Network Devices with SSH (Instructor Version) 476
Topology 476
Addressing Table 476
Objectives 476
Background / Scenario 476
Required Resources 477
Instructions 477
Part 1: Configure Basic Device Settings 477
Part 2: Configure the Router for SSH Access 478
Part 3: Configure the Switch for SSH Access 479
Part 4: SSH from the CLI on the Switch 481
Reflection Question 482
Router Interface Summary Table 482
Device Configs - Final 483
Router R1 483
Switch S1 484
16.5.1 Packet Tracer—Secure Network Devices (Instructor Version) 488
Addressing Table 488
Requirements 488
Instructions 488
Answer Scripts 489
RTR-A 489
SW-1 490
16.5.1 Lab—Secure Network Devices (Instructor Version) 491
Topology 491
Addressing Table 491
Objectives 491
Background / Scenario 491
Required Resources 492
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xxviii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Instructions 492
Part 1: Configure Basic Device Settings 492
Part 2: Configure Basic Security Measures on the Router 493
Part 3: Configure Security Measures 493
Part 4: Configure Basic Security Measures on the Switch 495
Reflection Questions 497
Router Interface Summary Table 498
Device Configs - Final 498
Router R1 498
Switch S1 501
Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 505
Devices in a Small Network 506
Small Network Topologies 506
Device Selection for a Small Network 506
IP Addressing for a Small Network 507
Matching Exercise: Devices in a Small Network 507
Check Your Understanding: Devices in a Small Network 508
Small Network Applications and Protocols 508
Common Applications 509
Common Protocols 509
Check Your Understanding: Small Network Applications and
Protocols 510
Scale to Larger Networks 510
Check Your Understanding: Scale to Larger Networks 511
Verify Connectivity 511
Verify Connectivity with Ping 512
Verify Connectivity with Traceroute 513
Extended Traceroute 513
Network Baseline 513
Host and IOS Commands 514
IP Configuration on a Windows Host 514
IP Configuration on a Linux Host 515
IP Configuration on a macOS Host 515
The arp Command 516
show Commands 516
Matching Exercise: show Commands 517
Troubleshooting Methodologies 518
Basic Troubleshooting Approaches 518
Check Your Understanding: Troubleshooting Methodologies 518
Troubleshooting Scenarios 519
Packet Tracer Exercise 17-1: Troubleshooting Scenario 519
Command Reference 520
Instructions 492
Part 1: Configure Basic Device Settings 492
Part 2: Configure Basic Security Measures on the Router 493
Part 3: Configure Security Measures 493
Part 4: Configure Basic Security Measures on the Switch 495
Reflection Questions 497
Router Interface Summary Table 498
Device Configs - Final 498
Router R1 498
Switch S1 501
Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 505
Devices in a Small Network 506
Small Network Topologies 506
Device Selection for a Small Network 506
IP Addressing for a Small Network 507
Matching Exercise: Devices in a Small Network 507
Check Your Understanding: Devices in a Small Network 508
Small Network Applications and Protocols 508
Common Applications 509
Common Protocols 509
Check Your Understanding: Small Network Applications and
Protocols 510
Scale to Larger Networks 510
Check Your Understanding: Scale to Larger Networks 511
Verify Connectivity 511
Verify Connectivity with Ping 512
Verify Connectivity with Traceroute 513
Extended Traceroute 513
Network Baseline 513
Host and IOS Commands 514
IP Configuration on a Windows Host 514
IP Configuration on a Linux Host 515
IP Configuration on a macOS Host 515
The arp Command 516
show Commands 516
Matching Exercise: show Commands 517
Troubleshooting Methodologies 518
Basic Troubleshooting Approaches 518
Check Your Understanding: Troubleshooting Methodologies 518
Troubleshooting Scenarios 519
Packet Tracer Exercise 17-1: Troubleshooting Scenario 519
Command Reference 520
Loading page 26...
Contents xxix
17.4.6 Lab—Test Network Latency with Ping and Traceroute
(Instructor Version) 521
Topology 521
Objectives 521
Background / Scenario 521
Required Resources 521
Instructions 522
Part 1: Use Ping to Document Network Latency 522
Part 2: Use Traceroute to Document Network Latency 524
Part 3: Extended Traceroute 526
Reflection Questions 527
17.5.9 Packet Tracer—Interpret show Command Output (Instructor
Version) 528
Objectives 528
Background 528
Instructions 528
Reflection Questions 528
17.7.6 Lab—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues (Instructor Version) 530
Topology 530
Addressing Table 530
Objectives 530
Background / Scenario 530
Required Resources 531
Troubleshooting Configuration 531
Part 1: Identify the Problem 533
Part 2: Implement Network Changes 533
Part 3: Verify Full Functionality 533
Part 4: Document Findings and Configuration Changes 534
Reflection Question 534
Router Interface Summary Table 534
Device Configs - Final 535
Router R1 535
Switch S1 536
Router ISP 539
17.7.7 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues (Instructor
Version) 541
Addressing Table 541
Objectives 541
Background / Scenario 541
Instructions 542
17.8.1 Lab—Design and Build a Small Network (Instructor Version) 547
Objectives 547
Background /Scenario 547
17.4.6 Lab—Test Network Latency with Ping and Traceroute
(Instructor Version) 521
Topology 521
Objectives 521
Background / Scenario 521
Required Resources 521
Instructions 522
Part 1: Use Ping to Document Network Latency 522
Part 2: Use Traceroute to Document Network Latency 524
Part 3: Extended Traceroute 526
Reflection Questions 527
17.5.9 Packet Tracer—Interpret show Command Output (Instructor
Version) 528
Objectives 528
Background 528
Instructions 528
Reflection Questions 528
17.7.6 Lab—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues (Instructor Version) 530
Topology 530
Addressing Table 530
Objectives 530
Background / Scenario 530
Required Resources 531
Troubleshooting Configuration 531
Part 1: Identify the Problem 533
Part 2: Implement Network Changes 533
Part 3: Verify Full Functionality 533
Part 4: Document Findings and Configuration Changes 534
Reflection Question 534
Router Interface Summary Table 534
Device Configs - Final 535
Router R1 535
Switch S1 536
Router ISP 539
17.7.7 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues (Instructor
Version) 541
Addressing Table 541
Objectives 541
Background / Scenario 541
Instructions 542
17.8.1 Lab—Design and Build a Small Network (Instructor Version) 547
Objectives 547
Background /Scenario 547
Loading page 27...
xxx Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Required Resources 547
Reflection 547
17.8.2 Packet Tracer—Skills Integration Challenge (Instructor Version) 553
Addressing Table 553
Background / Scenario 554
Instructions 554
Running Scripts 555
R1 Configuration 555
S1 Configuration 556
S2 Configuration 557
S3 Configuration 558
17.8.3 Packet Tracer—Troubleshooting Challenge (Instructor Version) 559
Addressing Table 559
Objectives 560
Background / Scenario 560
Instructions 560
Correct Device Configs 560
R1 Configuration 560
S1 Configuration 560
S2 Configuration 560
S3 Configuration 561
IT PC Configuration 561
Marketing PC Configuration 561
R&D PC Configuration 561
Required Resources 547
Reflection 547
17.8.2 Packet Tracer—Skills Integration Challenge (Instructor Version) 553
Addressing Table 553
Background / Scenario 554
Instructions 554
Running Scripts 555
R1 Configuration 555
S1 Configuration 556
S2 Configuration 557
S3 Configuration 558
17.8.3 Packet Tracer—Troubleshooting Challenge (Instructor Version) 559
Addressing Table 559
Objectives 560
Background / Scenario 560
Instructions 560
Correct Device Configs 560
R1 Configuration 560
S1 Configuration 560
S2 Configuration 560
S3 Configuration 561
IT PC Configuration 561
Marketing PC Configuration 561
R&D PC Configuration 561
Loading page 28...
xxxi
Command Syntax Conventions
The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used
in the IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as
follows:
■■ Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual
configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates
commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).
■■ Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.
■■ Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
■■ Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.
■■ Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.
■■ Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an optional element.
Command Syntax Conventions
The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used
in the IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as
follows:
■■ Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual
configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates
commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).
■■ Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.
■■ Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
■■ Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.
■■ Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.
■■ Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an optional element.
Loading page 29...
xxxii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)
Introduction
This book supports instructors and students in Cisco Networking Academy, an IT skills and
career building program for learning institutions and individuals worldwide. Cisco Networking
Academy provides a variety of curricula choices including the very popular CCNA curriculum.
It includes three courses oriented around the topics of Cisco Certified Network Associate
(CCNA) certifications.
Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide is a supplement to your classroom and
laboratory experience with the Cisco Networking Academy. To be successful on the exam
and achieve your CCNA certification, you should do everything in your power to arm your-
self with a variety of tools and training materials to support your learning efforts. This book
provides just such a collection of tools. Used to its fullest extent, it will help you gain the
knowledge as well as practice the skills associated with the content area of the Introduction to
Networks v7 course. Specifically, this book will help you work on these main areas:
■■ Understand advances in modern network technologies.
■■ Implement initial settings, including passwords, IP addressing, and default gateway
parameters on network switches and end devices.
■■ Understand how network protocols enable devices to access local and remote network
resources.
■■ Understand how physical layer protocols, services, and network media support commu-
nications across data networks.
■■ Convert between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems.
■■ Understand how media access control in the data link layer supports communication
across networks.
■■ Understand how Ethernet operates in a switched network.
■■ Understand how routers use network layer protocols and services to enable end-to-end
connectivity.
■■ Understand how ARP and ND enable communication on a network.
■■ Implement initial settings on a router and end devices.
■■ Calculate an IPv4 subnetting scheme to efficiently segment a network.
■■ Implement an IPv6 addressing scheme.
■■ Use various tools to test network connectivity.
■■ Compare the operations of transport layer protocols in supporting end-to-end
communication.
■■ Understand the operation of application layer protocols in providing support to end-user
applications.
■■ Configure switches and routers with device-hardening features to enhance security.
■■ Implement a network design for a small network to include a router, a switch, and end
devices.
Labs and Study Guides similar to this one are also available for the other two courses: Switch-
ing, Routing, and Wireless Essentials Labs and Study Guide and Enterprise Networking,
Security, and Automation Labs and Study Guide.
Introduction
This book supports instructors and students in Cisco Networking Academy, an IT skills and
career building program for learning institutions and individuals worldwide. Cisco Networking
Academy provides a variety of curricula choices including the very popular CCNA curriculum.
It includes three courses oriented around the topics of Cisco Certified Network Associate
(CCNA) certifications.
Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide is a supplement to your classroom and
laboratory experience with the Cisco Networking Academy. To be successful on the exam
and achieve your CCNA certification, you should do everything in your power to arm your-
self with a variety of tools and training materials to support your learning efforts. This book
provides just such a collection of tools. Used to its fullest extent, it will help you gain the
knowledge as well as practice the skills associated with the content area of the Introduction to
Networks v7 course. Specifically, this book will help you work on these main areas:
■■ Understand advances in modern network technologies.
■■ Implement initial settings, including passwords, IP addressing, and default gateway
parameters on network switches and end devices.
■■ Understand how network protocols enable devices to access local and remote network
resources.
■■ Understand how physical layer protocols, services, and network media support commu-
nications across data networks.
■■ Convert between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems.
■■ Understand how media access control in the data link layer supports communication
across networks.
■■ Understand how Ethernet operates in a switched network.
■■ Understand how routers use network layer protocols and services to enable end-to-end
connectivity.
■■ Understand how ARP and ND enable communication on a network.
■■ Implement initial settings on a router and end devices.
■■ Calculate an IPv4 subnetting scheme to efficiently segment a network.
■■ Implement an IPv6 addressing scheme.
■■ Use various tools to test network connectivity.
■■ Compare the operations of transport layer protocols in supporting end-to-end
communication.
■■ Understand the operation of application layer protocols in providing support to end-user
applications.
■■ Configure switches and routers with device-hardening features to enhance security.
■■ Implement a network design for a small network to include a router, a switch, and end
devices.
Labs and Study Guides similar to this one are also available for the other two courses: Switch-
ing, Routing, and Wireless Essentials Labs and Study Guide and Enterprise Networking,
Security, and Automation Labs and Study Guide.
Loading page 30...
Introduction xxxiii
Who Should Read This Book
This book’s main audience is anyone taking the Introduction to Networks course of the Cisco
Networking Academy curriculum. Many Academies use this Labs and Study Guide as a
required tool in the course, whereas other Academies recommend the Labs and Study Guide
as an additional resource to prepare for class exams and the CCNA certification. The second-
ary audiences for this book is people taking CCNA-related classes from professional training
organizations. This book can also be used for college- and university-level networking courses,
as well as anyone wanting to gain a detailed understanding of routing. However, the reader
should know that the content of this book tightly aligns with the Cisco Networking Acad-
emy course. It may not be possible to complete some of the “Study Guide” sections and labs
without having access to the online course. Fortunately, you can purchase the Introduction to
Networks v7.0 Companion Guide (ISBN: 9780136633662).
Goals and Methods
The most important goal of this book is to help you pass the 200-301 Cisco Certified Network
Associate exam, which is associated with the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
certification. Passing the CCNA exam shows that you have the knowledge and skills required
to manage a small enterprise network. You can view the detailed exam topics online at http://
learningnetwork.cisco.com. They are divided into six broad categories:
■■ Network Fundamentals
■■ Network Access
■■ IP Connectivity
■■ IP Services
■■ Security Fundamentals
■■ Automation and Programmability
The Introduction to Networks v7 course covers introductory material related to the first five
bullets. The next two courses, Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials v7 and Enterprise
Networking, Security, and Automation v7, cover the material in more detail. Each chapter of
this book is divided into a “Study Guide” section followed by a “Labs and Activities” section.
The “Study Guide” section offers exercises that help you learn the concepts, configurations,
and troubleshooting skills crucial to your success as a CCNA exam candidate. Each chapter is
slightly different and includes some or all of the following types of exercises:
■■ Vocabulary matching exercises
■■ Concept question exercises
■■ Skill-building activities and scenarios
■■ Configuration scenarios
■■ Packet Tracer exercises
■■ Troubleshooting scenarios
The “Labs and Activities” sections include all the online course labs and Packet Tracer activity
instructions. In some chapters, this section begins with a Command Reference that you will
complete to show that you understand all the commands introduced in the chapter.
Who Should Read This Book
This book’s main audience is anyone taking the Introduction to Networks course of the Cisco
Networking Academy curriculum. Many Academies use this Labs and Study Guide as a
required tool in the course, whereas other Academies recommend the Labs and Study Guide
as an additional resource to prepare for class exams and the CCNA certification. The second-
ary audiences for this book is people taking CCNA-related classes from professional training
organizations. This book can also be used for college- and university-level networking courses,
as well as anyone wanting to gain a detailed understanding of routing. However, the reader
should know that the content of this book tightly aligns with the Cisco Networking Acad-
emy course. It may not be possible to complete some of the “Study Guide” sections and labs
without having access to the online course. Fortunately, you can purchase the Introduction to
Networks v7.0 Companion Guide (ISBN: 9780136633662).
Goals and Methods
The most important goal of this book is to help you pass the 200-301 Cisco Certified Network
Associate exam, which is associated with the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
certification. Passing the CCNA exam shows that you have the knowledge and skills required
to manage a small enterprise network. You can view the detailed exam topics online at http://
learningnetwork.cisco.com. They are divided into six broad categories:
■■ Network Fundamentals
■■ Network Access
■■ IP Connectivity
■■ IP Services
■■ Security Fundamentals
■■ Automation and Programmability
The Introduction to Networks v7 course covers introductory material related to the first five
bullets. The next two courses, Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials v7 and Enterprise
Networking, Security, and Automation v7, cover the material in more detail. Each chapter of
this book is divided into a “Study Guide” section followed by a “Labs and Activities” section.
The “Study Guide” section offers exercises that help you learn the concepts, configurations,
and troubleshooting skills crucial to your success as a CCNA exam candidate. Each chapter is
slightly different and includes some or all of the following types of exercises:
■■ Vocabulary matching exercises
■■ Concept question exercises
■■ Skill-building activities and scenarios
■■ Configuration scenarios
■■ Packet Tracer exercises
■■ Troubleshooting scenarios
The “Labs and Activities” sections include all the online course labs and Packet Tracer activity
instructions. In some chapters, this section begins with a Command Reference that you will
complete to show that you understand all the commands introduced in the chapter.
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