New Society 8th Edition Test Bank

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Name: Class: Date:
chapter 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. The Industrial Revolution was transformed into the Postindustrial Revolution of our day.
a. True
b. False
2. The Democratic Revolution encouraged the view that sound conclusions about how society works should be
based on evidence, not speculation.
a. True
b. False
3. The level of social solidarity is now lower than it was just a few decades ago.
a. True
b. False
4. Sociologists are not interested in the connection between personal problems and the social structures in which
people are embedded.
a. True
b. False
5. Relatively stable patterns of social relations are referred to as social structures by sociologists.
a. True
b. False
6. Science is less a method of inquiry than it is a collection of ideas.
a. True
b. False
7. Durkheim argued that suicide rates vary because of differences in the degree of social solidarity in different
social groups.
a. True
b. False
8. Theories state how and why certain facts are related.
a. True
b. False
9. Durkheim, Marx, and Goffman initiated three of the major theoretical traditions in sociology.
a. True
b. False
10. Microstructures are patterns of social relations that lie outside and above your circle of intimates and
acquaintances.
a. True
b. False

Name: Class: Date:
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11. Macrostructures are patterns of social relations that lie outside and above your circle of intimates and
acquaintances.
a. True
b. False
12. Science is less a collection of ideas than it is a method of inquiry.
a. True
b. False
13. According to Durkheim, psychological disorder is the major cause of suicide.
a. True
b. False
14. Durkheim’s study of suicide focuses on the social forces involved.
a. True
b. False
15. In Canada, the most dramatic increase in suicide rates in recent decades has been among men over 50.
a. True
b. False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
16. According to C. Wright Mills, what do sociologists try to do?
a. They try to relate individual troubles to higher divorce rates.
b. They try to understand individual troubles as unconnected to each other.
c. They try to relate individual troubles to higher rates of suicide.
d. They try to understand individual troubles in a broader historical perspective.
17. According to the text, which debate centres on our ability to act freely within certain limits?
a. neoliberalism versus socialism
b. autonomy versus constraint
c. manifest functions versus latent functions
d. blue-collar work versus white-collar work
18. Which theory focuses on how privileged groups try to maintain their advantage?
a. conflict theory
b. symbolic interactionism
c. ethnomethodology
d. functionalist theory
19. According to the text, what does sociology ultimately offer for the resolution of challenges faced by society?
a. useful ways of understanding our current predicament

Name: Class: Date:
chapter 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
b. scientific explanations of social issues
c. no ways of dealing with the issues
d. clear solutions
20. Who originally proposed the ideas of symbolic interactionism?
a. George Herbert Mead
b. Émile Durkheim
c. Karl Marx
d. Talcott Parsons
21. Shawn is an adolescent boy who is confused about his sexual identity as a heterosexual, but he is aware that
his family is unaccepting of alternative sexual identities. In an attempt to resolve this confusion, he joins an
online forum for young homosexuals so that he can experiment with an alternate sexual identity. Which
unresolved social issue in today’s society does Shawn’s behaviour reflect?
a. prosperity versus inequality
b. autonomy versus constraint
c. manifest functions versus latent functions
d. diversity versus uniformity
22. Which statement best explains the absence of women in early sociology?
a. Women had a lack of interest in becoming sociologists.
b. Women had limited occupational choices due to nineteenth-century societal norms.
c. Women had a lack of intellectual capacity.
d. Women were more attracted to other high-profile public occupations.
23. According to Durkheim, which statement best reflects a person’s risk of death by suicide?
a. The risk increases with the degree to which a person lives with a handicap.
b. The risk decreases with the degree to which a person is integrated into society.
c. The risk increases with the degree of psychological instability of a person.
d. The risk cannot be predicted by either sociological or psychological means.
24. Philip has been trying to find a good job for three years. He is frustrated because his education and
experience should merit a manager’s position, but he can get only a job as an assistant. Which unresolved social
issue in today’s society does Philip’s situation reflect?
a. autonomy versus constraint
b. prosperity versus inequality
c. diversity versus uniformity
d. localization versus globalization
25. Which trend is a leading cause of postindustrialism?
a. a return to traditional forms of work and rejection of technology
b. dysfunctional changes in the family caused by having two working parents

Name: Class: Date:
chapter 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
c. the decline of the working classes and expansion of the wealthy classes
d. a technology-driven shift from manufacturing to service industries
26. Why would a sociological theory be referred to as tentative?
a. Some theorists are biased and fake their evidence.
b. Further research could make the theory invalid.
c. Many theories are based on overgeneralizations.
d. Subjectivity and bias are a big problem in theorizing.
27. What focus of analysis is shared by the conflict and functional perspectives?
a. an imperative coordination at individual and personal levels
b. the nuances of meaning in people’s thoughts and actions
c. the production of social reality and consensus building
d. an examination of social structures across society
28. The federal government passes several laws getting tough on street crimes, claiming that it needs to protect
the public and make citizens feel safe. However, crime trends indicate that crime is declining. Which
sociological theory would be most interested in examining the government’s ability to impose laws on the
people that do not reflect the actual crime rates?
a. symbolic materialism
b. functionalism
c. feminism
d. conflict
29. “I can’t believe that Amala went behind my back and bought the necklace I told her I wanted to buy myself.
Either she is terribly selfish or she is going to give it to me for my birthday. Without knowing her motives, I
won’t know the truth.” Which sociological method is reflected in this statement?
a. interaction
b. motivation
c. self-interest
d. understanding
30. In her paper, Aneesha defined a term as a group of social positions, connected by social relations, which
performs a social role. What term was Aneesha defining?
a. conflict paradigm
b. social institution
c. social interaction
d. feminist perspective
31. Gerhard Schroeder believes in the necessity of hard work as a component of a person’s calling and worldly
success, and as a component of personal salvation. What term best identifies Gerhard’s beliefs?
a. salvation ethic

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