Nutrition: An Applied Approach, 4th Edition Test Bank

Name: Nutrition: An Applied Approach, 4th Edition Test Bank
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Simplify your study sessions with Nutrition: An Applied Approach, 4th Edition Test Bank, an exam guide designed for effective revision and maximum retention.

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?1)A)helps to transport nutrients and oxygenB)helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contractionC)helps to excrete waste productsD)provides a source of energy to work and playAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)2)What is another name for a study of a particular disease in a large population?2)A)a single-blind studyB)a double-blind studyC)an observational studyD)a model studyAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)Joan's dinner contains 210 grams of carbohydrate, 60 grams of protein, and 52 grams of fat. Whatpercent of kilocalories in this meal comes from carbohydrate?3)A)54%B)22%C)35%D)25%Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)4)In the United States and Canada, what set of standards defines the recommended intake values forvarious nutrients for healthy people?4)A)Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)B)Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)C)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)D)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)1

5)What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?5)A)the blind groupB)the experimental groupC)the double-blind groupD)the control groupAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)6)How many classes of nutrients are there?6)A)threeB)sixC)fourD)eightAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)7)Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intakerange for the macronutrients?7)A)Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)B)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)C)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)D)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)8)The BRFSS is the government8)A)agency that conducts medical research in the United States.B)agency that protects the health and safety of the American people.C)survey that tracks lifestyle habits that increase risks for developing chronic diseases.D)survey that tracks nutrition education programs in the United States.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)9)Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense?9)A)carbohydrateB)vitaminsC)fatD)proteinAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)2

10)The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and other similar professional nutrition organizations10)A)lobby the government on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.B)set the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).C)publish reliable nutrition research studies.D)sponsor the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)11)What is the first step of the scientific method?11)A)Design and conduct an experiment.B)Observe a phenomenon.C)Collect and analyze data.D)Formulate a hypothesis.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)12)Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein?12)A)repairing damaged structuresB)serving as a primary source of energy for the bodyC)building new cells and tissuesD)regulating metabolism and fluid balanceAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)13)What trend has been shown in research studies funded by pharmaceutical companies?13)A)bias towards showing ineffectiveness of competing productsB)over-reporting of a drug's side effectsC)bias towards reporting positive results of drug being studiedD)research journals rejecting publication of such studiesAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)14)What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic valueon the subjects in a research study?14)A)double-blind trialB)single-blind trialC)theoryD)placeboAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)3

15)Prevalent among U.S. Southerners during the early 1900s, pellagra was first thought to be aninfectious disease. Today we know that it is caused by a deficiency of15)A)protein.B)niacin.C)vitamin C.D)vitamin A.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)16)Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient?16)A)stearic acid (fat)B)calcium (mineral)C)dietary fiber (carbohydrate)D)vitamin A (vitamin)Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)17)Which of the following nutrients are inorganic?17)A)vitaminsB)mineralsC)fatsD)carbohydratesAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)18)The highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse healtheffects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the18)A)Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA).B)Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).C)Adequate Intake (AI).D)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage ofyour daily Calories should be provided by carbohydrates?19)A)70%B)75%C)35%D)65%Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

20)Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?20)A)1,007 kilocaloriesB)582 kilocaloriesC)123 kilocaloriesD)152 kilocaloriesAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)21)Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity?21)A)vitamin CB)vitamin DC)thiaminD)niacinAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)22)Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?22)A)potentially toxicB)excreted via the urineC)soluble in waterD)not stored to any extent in the bodyAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)23)Which of the following is FALSE?23)A)Fats are an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise.B)Fats are soluble in water.C)Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.D)Fats yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)24)Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light arecalled24)A)fats.B)vitamins.C)minerals.D)proteins.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)5

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25)What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown without the use of syntheticpesticides?25)A)inorganicB)genetically modified organism (GMO)C)vegetarianD)organicAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)26)Which of the following professional titles has NO definition or laws regulating it?26)A)licensed nutritionistB)registered dietitianC)nutritionistD)medical doctorAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)27)Of the following nutrients, which contains nitrogen?27)A)proteinsB)waterC)carbohydratesD)lipidsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)28)Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT strongly associated with dietary choices?28)A)heart diseaseB)Alzheimer's diseaseC)obesityD)type 2 diabetesAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collects dietary information ofAmericans by using a29)A)website where individuals can self-report their dietary intake online.B)personal interview and physical examination.C)written survey that collects information using a food likes and dislikes questionnaire.D)telephone survey that collects information using a food frequency questionnaire.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)6

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30)Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?30)A)beef and porkB)bacon and eggsC)wheat and lentilsD)butter and corn oilAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)31)What are the two groups that vitamins are classified into?31)A)macrosoluble and microsolubleB)trace and majorC)fat-soluble and water-solubleD)nonnutritive and nutritiveAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)32)A research study funded by a company that stands to benefit from a positive assessment is anexample of a32)A)double blind.B)single blind.C)placebo effect.D)conflict of interest.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)33)Amino acids are the smallest unit of a33)A)carbohydrate.B)vitamin.C)protein.D)lipid.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)34)The type of study that compares a group of individuals with a disease to another similar buthealthy group is called a(n)34)A)double-blind study.B)intervention study.C)case control study.D)clinical trial.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)7

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35)What is the standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals?35)A)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)B)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)C)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI)D)Adequate Intake (AI)Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)36)One of the earliest developments in the field of nutrition linking nutritional deficiency to illnesswas the discovery that eating citrus fruits prevents36)A)pellagra.B)strokes.C)cancer.D)scurvy.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)37)Which of the following indicates that a nutrition website may not be a reliable source ofinformation?37)A)website address with a ".com" endingB)website address with a ".gov" endingC)recently updated websiteD)list of registered dietitians who contribute to the websiteAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)38)The building blocks of proteins are called38)A)saccharides.B)nitrogen fragments.C)fatty acids.D)amino acids.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)8

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39)Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement before undergoing oralsurgery. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of thefollowing nutrient standards would assist Lauren in determining the highest amount of thesupplement that would be safe for her to consume?39)A)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)B)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)C)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)D)Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)40)Proteins are NOT found in40)A)dairy products.B)water.C)meats, fish, and poultry.D)seeds, nuts, and legumes.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)41)Which of the following BEST describes minerals?41)A)inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foodsB)nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the bodyC)micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and lightD)micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestionAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)42)The chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function are called42)A)antibodies.B)nutrients.C)carcinogens.D)bacteria.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)9

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43)What is the leading federal agency in the United States that protects human health and safety?43)A)American Dietetic Association (ADA)B)National Institutes of Health (NIH)C)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)D)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)44)Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?44)A)Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.B)Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.C)Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.D)Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, absorb, and store food.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)45)Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the followingprofessionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning herdiabetic diet?45)A)nutritionistB)PhD in exercise scienceC)medical doctor (MD)D)registered dietitian (RD)Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)46)A slice of pumpkin bread contains 5 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein.What percent of the bread's Calories are from fat?46)A)75%B)10%C)40%D)20%Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)10

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47)Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance ofstudents in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the student names in a hatand draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. Theexperimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastesand looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants knows who isreceiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as47)A)double-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled.B)single-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled.C)double-blind, placebo-controlled.D)single-blind, random selection.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)48)An important source of energy for muscles during times of rest and low-intensity exercise is48)A)fat.B)water.C)protein.D)vitamins.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)49)Vitamin C and the B vitamins are termed49)A)fat-soluble vitamins.B)water-soluble vitamins.C)trace vitamins.D)nonessential vitamins.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)50)Which of the following is the primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates?50)A)Alzheimer's diseaseB)obesityC)cancerD)iron-deficiency anemiaAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)51)The primary source of fuel for the body is51)A)vitamins and minerals.B)carbohydrates.C)proteins.D)fats and oils.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)11

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52)Which of the following nutrients is organic?52)A)ironB)proteinC)waterD)sodiumAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)53)A blogger has written a post about the benefits of an artificial sweetener for weight loss. Which ofthe following would be the best evidence to support these claims?53)A)testimonials from people who have used the sweetenerB)conclusions from a research study funded by the manufacturer of the sweetenerC)conclusions from one scientific studyD)research published in a peer-reviewed journalAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)54)A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientificexperiments is known as a(n)54)A)fact.B)theory.C)phenomenon.D)experiment.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)55)For dinner, Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat. Inaddition, Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal. If she drinks one glass of winecontaining 10 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal?55)A)340 kilocaloriesB)1,806 kilocaloriesC)2,820 kilocaloriesD)1,540 kilocaloriesAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)56)Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?56)A)type 2 diabetesB)heart diseaseC)pellagraD)cancerAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)12

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57)What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?57)A)vitaminsB)fatsC)proteinsD)carbohydratesAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.58)A beverage that contains 20 grams of alcohol mixed with a diet soda has approximately 140kilocalories.58)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:59)Protein's primary role is to provide energy for the body.59)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:60)Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases that fall within the group of top tencauses of death in the United States.60)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:61)The earliest discoveries in the field of nutrition focused on nutritional deficiencies and illness.61)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:62)Minerals maintain their chemical structure and are not broken down during digestion.62)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:63)For an experiment to be consistent with the principles of the scientific method, it must berepeatable.63)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:64)"Wellness" is a multidimensional process that includes one's physical, emotional, social,occupational, and spiritual health.64)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:65)The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.65)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:66)A registered dietitian is a health professional who has earned at least a bachelor's degree, hascompleted supervised clinical training, and has successfully completed a national dietetics exam.66)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:13

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67)Because they are needed in relatively large quantities, vitamins and minerals are consideredmacronutrients.67)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:68)The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are dietary standards that should be applied only to healthyindividuals.68)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:69)Nutrigenomics is an ancient specialty area of nutritional research.69)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:70)The term nutritionist has no precise definition or laws regulating it.70)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:71)Vitamins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.71)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:72)The energy derived from food is expressed in units called kilocalories.72)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:73)Because water does not provide any Calories to the body, scientists do not consider it a nutrient.73)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:74)A double-blind experiment is one in which neither the researchers nor participants know whichgroup is assigned to which treatment.74)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:75)Macronutrients are nutrients that contain inorganic components.75)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:76)In the second half of the twentieth century, nutrition researchers failed to find a link betweennutrition and the development of chronic diseases.76)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:77)Cryogenics is a new area of research that seeks to uncover the links between our genes, ourenvironment, and our diet.77)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:14

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78)The National Institutes of Health (NIH) plays a limited role in researching nutrition-related issues.78)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:79)A placebo is the misrepresentation of a product, program, or service for financial gain.79)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.80)Describe how nutrition and physical activity influence wellness.Answer:Answers will vary.81)The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for most nutrients consist of four separate values: Estimated AverageRequirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable UpperIntake Level (UL). Explain what each of these values represents.Answer:Answers will vary.82)What are the four goals of the Healthy People Plan 2020? What specific nutrition and physical activity goals areincluded?Answer:Answers will vary.83)List the primary classes of nutrients. For each class of nutrients, note whether it is organic or inorganic and howmany kilocalories per gram it provides, if any.Answer:Answers will vary.84)Nutrition professionals debate whether or not consumers should be advised to stop eating "junk food" and other"bad" foods. Summarize the arguments on both sides of the debate.Answer:Answers will vary.15

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