Nutrition And You, 4th Edition Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it?A)mineralsB)proteinC)vitaminsD)waterAnswer:D2)Which of the following isnottrue about phytochemicals?A)They have disease-fighting properties.B)They are essential nutrients.C)They are nonnutritive compounds.D)They come from plant foods.Answer:B3)Which of the following causes of death in the United States isnotnutrition related?A)cancerB)respiratory diseasesC)strokeD)diabetesAnswer:B4)Which of the following isnota reason why a food becomes a favorite?A)food trendsB)cultureC)food colorD)convenienceAnswer:C5)Which of the following does nutritional genomics study?A)the precise amount of micronutrients the body needsB)the genetic sequence of an individual's genomeC)the protein content of an individualD)how certain nutrients affect an individual's gene expressionAnswer:D6)Which of the following arenotmacronutrients?A)carbohydratesB)lipidsC)vitaminsD)proteinsAnswer:C7)Food insecurity isA)the tendency of some foods to spoil more quickly than others.B)the inability to satisfy the basic food needs of individuals.C)uncertainty concerning whether a food might be harmful.D)the tendency of highly desirable foods to be stolen from stores.Answer:B8)Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the major source of energy for the body?A)proteinsB)lipidsC)carbohydratesD)vitaminsAnswer:C9)Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes?A)lipidsB)proteinsC)carbohydratesD)vitaminsAnswer:B10)Which of the following isnota function of water in the body?A)helps maintain body temperatureB)functions as a coenzymeC)lubricates jointsD)helps transport nutrients and oxygenAnswer:B1

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11)Which of the following foods contains phytochemicals?A)salmonB)skim milkC)carrotsD)eggsAnswer:C12)All of the following are correct about the typical American dietexceptthat it isA)high in sodium.B)low in vitamin D.C)low in calcium.D)high in fiber.Answer:D13)Americans need to consume moreA)fruits and vegetables.B)oils and fewer vegetables.C)meat and saltier foods.D)meat and refined grains.Answer:A14)What percentage of American adults are considered obese?A)15 percentB)65 percentC)42 percentD)35 percentAnswer:D15)Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?A)Conduct an experiment.B)Revise the hypothesis.C)Observe and ask a question.D)Formulate a hypothesis.Answer:C16)The group given a specific treatment during an experiment is called theA)blind group.B)control group.C)experimental group.D)double-blind group.Answer:C17)Jim wants to improve his health and would like a professional to help him with his diet. Which of the followingpeople would be the best person to help Jim?A) a registered dietitian nutritionistB) a registered nurseC) a nutritionistD) a trainer at the gymAnswer: A18) When obtaining information on the Internet, which ending for a URL is probably less reliable than the others?A) .comB) .eduC) .govD) They are all equally reliable.Answer: A19) Which of the following questions is important to ask yourself when you view a nutrition-related website?A) How does the site choose links to other sites?B) Who pays for the site?C) Where does the information come from?D) All of these are important questions to ask.Answer: D20) Which of the following foods is commonly included in Indian meals?A) fishB) muttonC) lentilsD) cornAnswer: C2

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21)Which of the following goals isnota proposed focus ofHealthy People 2020?A)Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.B)Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.C)Support food industry efforts to obtain favorable health claims on nutrition labels.D)Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.Answer:C22)Which of the following isnotan outcome for children who are food insecure?A)increased incidence of colds and headachesB)delayed cognitive developmentC)iron deficiencyD)increased energyAnswer:D23)Jane is sitting in the library, cramming for a nutrition test. She has eaten a plate full of brownies and is nowordering a pizza. Which of the following factors is probably affecting the way Jane is eating?A) emotionsB) advertisingC) cultureD) costAnswer: A24) Which of the following statements about supplements isfalse?A) People with dietary restrictions or greater nutrient needs could benefit from taking supplements.B) Supplements always produce the same positive health effects as those gained by eating foods.C) A well-balanced diet will meet the nutrient needs of many people.D) A pregnant woman might benefit from taking an iron supplement.Answer: B25) Which of the following statements about milk isfalse?A) It is approximately 80 percent water by volume.B) It is a good source of the vitamins A, D, and riboflavin.C) It contains the minerals potassium and calcium.D) It contains a substantial variety of all six classes of nutrients.Answer: A26) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the energy-providing nutrients?A) The energy nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.B) The amount of calories you need daily is based on your age, gender, and activity level.C) Most of your daily calories should come from protein.D) The energy nutrients are all organic.Answer: C27) The defining characteristic of an organic compound is that itA) contains nitrogen.B) contains hydrogen.C) contains carbon.D) is grown in rich soil.Answer: C28) Which of the following substances is organic?A) saltsB) waterC) mineralsD) vitaminsAnswer: D3

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29)If a scientist wants to design an experiment to measure the effect of vitamin C on colds, which of the followingwould be an appropriate placebo?A) a sugar pill that does not contain vitamin CB) the recommended daily amount of vitamin DC) half the recommended daily amount of vitamin CD) the recommended daily amount of vitamin CAnswer: A30) A well-balanced diet includes all of the following actionsexceptA) relying on dietary supplements.B) consuming phytochemicals and fiber.C) consuming essential nutrients.D) eating a variety of foods.Answer: A31) Josephine is one of 20 participants in a clinical trial for a new weight loss drug. If Josephine receives a placeborather than the actual drug, to which group does Josephine belong?A) experimental groupB) hypothesis groupC) epidemiological groupD) control groupAnswer: D32) Which of the following isnotone of the essential nutrients?A) waterB) fatsC) alcoholD) mineralsAnswer: C33) Darren's father, mother, and sister all have diabetes. Darren decides to seek help from a health professional sohe can avoid becoming diabetic as well. Who is the best person Darren should go to for nutrition advice?A) a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)B) a public health nutritionistC) the salesperson at the vitamin and supplement storeD) his trainer at the gymAnswer: A34) Maize is a staple in the diet of people living in which of the following places?A) MexicoB) IndiaC) ChinaD) AlaskaAnswer: A35) Rice is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?A) Native AmericanB) AlaskanC) MexicanD) ChineseAnswer: D36) Fish is most likely to be a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?A) AlaskanB) IndianC) ChineseD) Native AmericanAnswer: A37) Mutton is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?A) ChineseB) Native AmericanC) IndianD) AlaskanAnswer: B38) Lentils are a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?A) Native AmericanB) IndianC) MexicanD) AlaskanAnswer: B4

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39)Experimental research isA)a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjectsthat does not receive the treatment.B) a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different types of experiments.C) a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationshipto certain outcomes.D) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.Answer: A40) A double-blind placebo-controlled study isA) a stepwise process used by scientists to identify effective placebos.B) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.C) research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment andwhich group received a placebo.D) research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship tocertain outcomes.Answer: C41) A hypothesis isA) research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjectsthat does not receive the treatment.B) a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings.C) research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship tocertain outcomes.D) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.Answer: D42) Observational research is defined asA) a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjectsthat does not receive the treatment.B) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.C) a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationshipto certain outcomes.D) a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different observational techniques.Answer: C43) The scientific method isA) research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjectsthat does not receive the treatment.B) research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment andwhich group received a placebo.C) a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings.D) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.Answer: CTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.44) Studies have shown that even at 8 years of age, children may not understand the persuasive intent ofadvertisements.Answer:TrueFalse5

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45)The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins.Answer:TrueFalse46)The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals.Answer:TrueFalse47)Micronutrients are so named because they are less important than macronutrients.Answer:TrueFalse48)Alcohol is an essential nutrient because it contains energy.Answer:TrueFalse49)Minerals are inorganic because they do not contain carbon.Answer:TrueFalse50)According toHealthy People 2020, the body weights of Americans are decreasing.Answer:TrueFalse51)Some public health nutritionists are ineligible to take the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) exam.Answer:TrueFalse52)Being overweight is the same thing as being obese.Answer:TrueFalse53)People who are poor can be overfed in energy nutrients but malnourished in vitamins and minerals.Answer:TrueFalse54)If a study is done on lab animals, the results cannot be relevant to humans.Answer:TrueFalse55)It is not a good idea to change your diet based on a single study.Answer:TrueFalse56)For reporting research results, a regular magazine is just as credible as a peer-reviewed journal.Answer:TrueFalse57)The "gold standard" of research experiments is the double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Answer:TrueFalse58)Epidemiological research looks at factors in two or more subject groups to see if there is a relationship to acertain disease or another health outcome.Answer:TrueFalse59) The Human Genome Project determined the complete sequence of DNA in human cells.Answer:TrueFalse60) Chronic diseases are caused by genetic influences alone.Answer:TrueFalse6

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61)The foods you eat do not affect the expression of genes in your cells.Answer:TrueFalse62)A registered dietician nutritionist has passed an exam administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics(AND).Answer:TrueFalse63) A quack is a person who promotes health-related products with false claims and information that are not basedin sound scientific research.Answer:TrueFalse64) One of the objectives ofHealthy People 2020is to reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who areconsidered obese by 30.5 percent.Answer:TrueFalse65) Over 65 percent of American adults are overweight and of those, approximately 50 percent are consideredobese.Answer:TrueFalse66) It is not important if a website does not tell you about their privacy policy.Answer:TrueFalse67) Carbohydrates, lipids, and alcohol can all provide the body with energy.Answer:TrueFalse68) Carbohydrates supply glucose, the simple sugar that body cells use as a major energy source.Answer:TrueFalse69) Compounds that contain carbon are called organic.Answer:TrueFalse70) A research journal in which fellow scientists review studies to assess whether they are accurate before they arepublished is known as a peer-reviewed journal.Answer:TrueFalse71) The group given a placebo during an experiment is called the placebo group.Answer:TrueFalse72) An idea generated by scientists based on their observations is a hypothesis.Answer:TrueFalse73) A person with a BMI of 28 or higher is obese.Answer:TrueFalse74) The part of plant foods that isn't digested in the small intestine is fiber.Answer:TrueFalse75) Carrying extra weight on your body in relation to your height is called being overweight.Answer:TrueFalse7

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76)The promotion and selling of health products and services of questionable validity is known as the scientificmethod.Answer:TrueFalse77) The substance that bathes the outside of your cells and also helps maintain body temperature is water.Answer:TrueFalse78) Substances that speed up reactions in your body are known as enzymes.Answer:TrueFalse79) There are five classes of nutrients.Answer:TrueFalse80) A nonnutritive compound in foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases is called fiber.Answer:TrueFalse81) The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods affect your body's function and health iscalled nutrition.Answer:TrueFalse82) Nutritional genomics studies the relationship between the components of food and gene expression.Answer:TrueFalse83) The energy value of foods is measured in units commonly referred to as nutrients.Answer:TrueFalse84) Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are organic nutrients that provide energy.Answer:TrueFalse85) Only the energy nutrient carbohydrate contains the element nitrogen.Answer:TrueFalse86) When a nutrient such as a vitamin is lacking in the diet, a deficiency may result.Answer:TrueFalseESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.87) List the ten leading causes of death in the United States, and comment on which are nutrition related.Answer: The ten leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, respiratory diseases,accidents, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, influenza/pneumonia, kidney disease, and intentionalself-harm. Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes are related to nutrition.88) List the six classes of nutrients, noting which are organic and how much energy they contain, if any.Answer: carbohydratesorganic4 calories/gramlipidsorganic9 calories/gramproteinorganic4 calories/gramvitaminsorganic0 calories/grammineralsinorganic0 calories/gramwaterinorganic0 calories/gram8

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89)Claudia and Antonio are having friends over to watch a football game on television. Describe at least threefactors that may influence food choices during the game.Answer: Influences include mood, peer pressure to eat, social influences (advertising) on what people eatwatching a sport (e.g. chicken wings, beer, chips), health (someone may prefer cut-up vegetables tohigher fat snacks), and convenience (ordering a pizza rather than preparing a meal).90) What is the difference between a macronutrient and a micronutrient?Answer: A macronutrient is an essential nutrient that is needed in larger quantities than is an essentialmicronutrient. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, and the energy nutrients (carbohydrates,proteins, and fats) are macronutrients.91) What are phytochemicals and why might they be important?Answer: At least 900 different phytochemicals have been identified in plant foods so far. These nonnutritivechemicals work with fiber, nutrients, or unknown substances in foods to provide synergistic effects onhealth.92) Explain how people who have less money are more, rather than less, prone to obesity.Answer: Households with limited funds for monthly groceries tend to buy less of a variety of foods, and thequality of the foods tends to be low in nutrients and high in calories. Individuals living in low-incomeneighborhoods also tend to have limited access to supermarkets to purchase healthy foods at areasonable cost. Poorer neighborhoods also tend to be surrounded by convenience stores and fast-foodrestaurants.93) Marita and Adis are eating lunch in the school lunchroom. Adis says he wants to learn to eat healthier and willbe seeing a nutritionist he met at the deli last week. What advice should Marita give Adis about seeking soundnutrition advice?Answer: Adis should check the person's credentials and make sure he or she graduated from an accredited school.He should also beware if the person giving advice is selling something (supplements, book, etc.).94) Curtis is writing a paper for his nutrition class and is using the Internet as a resource. Describe what he shouldconsider when deciding whether a site is reliable or not.Answer: If a site's URL ends in ".edu" or ".gov" it is probably a reliable site. If the site is not selling something, thisis also a good sign. If the people who sponsor the site are open about their credentials, such as their beingmedical doctors or registered dieticians, then the site is likely more credible. A site sponsored by apharmaceutical company may be prone to promote their drugs or treatments and may be biased. Linksprovided in the site should also be credible, and current information is likely preferable to olderinformation.95) Describe a situation in which your emotions led you to make inappropriate food choices.Answer: Boredom, loneliness, sadness, happiness, celebration, and anger may influence the types and quantities offoods a person consumes.96) Discuss how one's cultural background influences food choices.Answer: Different cultural groups have different traditional foods; these cuisines are influenced in part by climate,soils, native plants and animals, and which foodstuffs are plentiful and readily accessible.9

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97)Describe an experiment you would design to test the following hypothesis: Vitamin C supplements cure colds.Answer:An appropriate experiment would involve two groups of individuals of the same sex and age. Allindividuals are exposed to cold viruses via inhalation. They then are divided into two groups: anexperimental group that receives identical doses of vitamin C supplements and a control group that getsa placebo. The experiment is double-blind. Signs and symptoms of both groups are tracked over 10 days.After data collection and analysis, conclusions are made as to whether the vitamin C had an effect on thecold.10

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Carbohydrate digestion begins in theA)large intestine.B)small intestine.C)mouth.D)stomach.Answer:C2)The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following molecules?A)triglyceridesB)glucoseC)glycogenD)fructoseAnswer:B3)The function of glycogen is toA)create membrane structures in plants.B)store energy in plants.C)lower blood glucose levels when they rise after a meal.D)store glucose in humans and animals.Answer:D4)Which of the following substances isnota polysaccharide?A)glycogenB)fiberC)galactoseD)starchAnswer:C5)Which of the following statements regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily isincorrect?A) The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed for the brain to function efficiently is 130 grams per day.B) In the United States, adult males and females consume more than the minimum DRI for carbohydrates.C) The AMDR for carbohydrates is 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories.D) Eating the recommended daily servings for each food group in MyPyramid will ensure that you meetyour minimum amount of carbohydrate.Answer: C6) Which of the following structures is the starchy part of a grain kernel?A) endospermB) germC) huskD) branAnswer: A7) Which of the following statements about enriched wheat bread isfalse?A) It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate that are found in whole wheat bread.B) It is missing phytochemicals that are found in whole wheat bread.C) It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel.D) It is missing the fiber that is found in whole wheat bread.Answer: A8) Which part of the grain kernel contains vitamin E and heart-healthy fats?A) branB) germC) endospermD) huskAnswer: B9) To which of the following organs do monosaccharides go after absorption?A) pancreasB) liverC) gallbladderD) small intestineAnswer: B1

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10)People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digestA)fiber.B)milk sugar.C)starch.D)table sugar.Answer:B11)Which of the following statements about lactose intolerance is incorrect?A)Clinical signs include diarrhea.B)Lactase pills can help prevent symptoms.C)All dairy foods must be completely eliminated from the diet.D)Cheese is better tolerated than milk.Answer:C12)After the release of insulin, which of the following events willnotoccur?A)Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch.B)Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as glycogen.C)Excess glucose will be stored in your muscles as glycogen.D)Excess glucose will be stored in your fat cells as fat.Answer:A13)Which of the following statements regarding diabetes in children istrue?A)Obesity is not a risk factor for diabetes in children.B)Type 1 is not the only type of diabetes seen in children.C)Children with diabetes have fewer medical complications from the disease because they are able to adaptto the changes in glucose metabolism.D) The last few decades have shown a steady decrease of diabetes among those under the age of 20.Answer: B14) What is the source of glucose to supply the energy needs in a person who has not eaten for seven hours?A) muscle proteinB) the brainC) stored fatD) liver glycogenAnswer: D15) When does glycogenesis occur?A) during an emergency, when glycogen is broken down to release glucoseB) when there is excess glucose in the bloodC) when a person's blood glucose level dips too lowD) when a person is fasting and glucose is generated from noncarbohydrate sourcesAnswer: B16) Approximately how long does it take for liver glycogen stores to be depleted?A) 12 hoursB) 8 hoursC) 4 hoursD) 18 hoursAnswer: D17) Which of the following statements about ketosis is incorrect?A) It occurs when glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy.B) Ketone bodies are the by-products of the incomplete breakdown of fat.C) It causes your blood to become slightly acidic.D) It often occurs in people who consume a low-carbohydrate diet.Answer: A2

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18)The reason people who follow a low-carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis is thatA)they eat inadequate amounts of fat.B)they eat too much protein.C)their diet lacks sufficient fiber.D)they are unable to break down fat completely.Answer:D19)According to the latest DRIs, what is the recommended minimum amount of carbohydrates that should beconsumed daily?A) 50 gramsB) 130 gramsC) 250 gramsD) 25 gramsAnswer: B20) The current DRIs recommend that you consume ________ grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.A) 35B) 5C) 14D) 28Answer: C21) Which of the following conditions in a person with diabetes doesnotresult from nerve damage?A) numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and handsB) cloudy vision and eventual blindnessC) changes in sexual functionD) a decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs and feetAnswer: B22) Which of the following hormones doesnotincrease blood glucose levels?A) adrenalineB) insulinC) epinephrineD) glucagonAnswer: B23) Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct?A) Eating sugar makes one gain weight.B) Eating sugar is a direct cause of diabetes.C) Eating sugar causes hyperactivity in children.D) Eating sugar can contribute to dental caries.Answer: D24) Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the National Toxicology Program from the list ofsubstances that could potentially cause cancer?A) saccharinB) mannitolC) sucraloseD) aspartameAnswer: A25) Which of the following statements about aspartame is incorrect?A) The FDA has concluded that it is safe to consume it.B) People with PKU should monitor its intake.C) Its trade name is Sweet 'N Low.D) It is composed of two amino acids.Answer: C26) Which of the following statements doesnotpresent a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber?A) It lowers the risk of developing diverticulosis.B) It lowers the risk of developing obesity.C) It lowers the risk of developing kidney disease.D) It lowers the risk of developing constipation.Answer: C3

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27)Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is incorrect?A)The immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.B)Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly.C)Daily insulin injections are required.D)It usually begins in childhood.Answer:B28)If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of all of the following outcomesexceptA)breast cancer.B)eye diseases.C)kidney disease.D)amputations of limbs.Answer:A29)Which of the following isnotthe name of a sugar?A)ligninB)malt syrupC)high-fructose corn syrupD)dextroseAnswer:A30)Which of the following foods is most likely to promote dental caries?A)cheeseB)carrotsC)raisinsD)chewing gum with xylitolAnswer:C31)Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as table sugar?A)sucroseB)fructoseC)lactoseD)maltoseAnswer:A32)Which of the following carbohydrates is made from two glucose units joined together?A)maltoseB)lactoseC)sucroseD)galactoseAnswer:A33)Which of the following carbohydrates is the storage form of glucose in animals?A)glucoseB)starchC)glycogenD)fiberAnswer:C34)Which of the following carbohydrates is a chain of glucose units found in plants only?A)fiberB)starchC)maltoseD)glycogenAnswer:B35)Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as milk sugar?A)sucroseB)glucoseC)lactoseD)maltoseAnswer:C36)________ shouldnotbe given to infants younger than one year of age because of the risk of botulism.A)HoneyB)High-fructose corn syrupC)Brown sugarD)MolassesAnswer:A37)The disaccharide lactose is composed of glucose andA)maltose.B)sucrose.C)galactose.D)fructose.Answer:C4

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38)The enzyme ________ begins the digestion of starch in the mouth.A)maltaseB)sucraseC)amylaseD)lactaseAnswer:C39)The ________ converts galactose and fructose to glucose.A)pancreasB)gall bladderC)stomachD)liverAnswer:D40)The ________ refers to the measured upward rise, peak, and eventual fall of blood glucose following theconsumption of a carbohydrate-intense food.A) glucose capacityB) anemia-prevention indexC) glycemic indexD) diabetic indexAnswer: C41) Both fat and ________ are important sources of stored energy.A) glycogenB) fiberC) glucagonD) hydrogenAnswer: A42) Epinephrine can stimulate ________ to quickly flood the blood with glucose.A) gluconeogenesisB) ketoacidosisC) glycogenolysisD) ketosisAnswer: C43) When too much sugar is consumed in the diet, glucose in the blood exceeds the body's need for energy, andglucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and as ________ in fat tissue.A) glucagonB) ketone bodiesC) glycerolD) triglyceridesAnswer: D44) All sugar substitutes must be approved by the ________ before they are allowed in food products sold in theUnited States.A) MBAB) ADAC) AMAD) FDAAnswer: D45) The artificial sweetener Splenda contains ________, which is a modified sucrose molecule.A) sorbitolB) sucraloseC) saccharinD) aspartameAnswer: B46) ________ cells and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy.A) SkinB) ConeC) BasalD) BrainAnswer: D47) Plants make glucose through a process calledA) mitosis.B) respiration.C) photosynthesis.D) acceleration.Answer: C48) Which of the following items isnota number-one source of added sugars in the American diet?A) sports drinksB) breakfast cerealsC) sodasD) energy drinksAnswer: B5

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49)The sugar substitute aspartame is composed of two ________ acids.A)fattyB)lacticC)deoxyribonucleicD)aminoAnswer:D50)Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by theA)stomach.B)brain.C)liver.D)pancreas.Answer:D51)Viscous soluble fiber helps to lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with the reabsorption of ________ inthe intestines.A) sugarB) bile acidsC) uric acidD) proteinAnswer: B52) The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (primarily proteins) is calledA) glycogneogenesis.B) glucogenesis.C) gluconeogenesis.D) glycogenolysis.Answer: C53) The by-products of incomplete fat breakdown are known asA) ketone bodies.B) keratin fibers.C) glucose monomers.D) collagen fibers.Answer: A54) Symptoms of ________ include light-headedness, dizziness, shakiness, and hunger.A) hyperglycemiaB) prediabetesC) ketosisD) hypoglycemiaAnswer: DTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.55) Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides.Answer:TrueFalse56) The glycogen stored in meat and poultry is a significant source of calories in our diet.Answer:TrueFalse57) The Nutrition Facts panel currently used on food labels distinguishes between naturally occurring and addedsugars.Answer:TrueFalse58) When choosing to eat fruit, fresh or frozen fruit is superior to canned fruit.Answer:TrueFalse59) It is safe to give honey to children of any age.Answer:TrueFalse60) Refined grains are more nutrient-dense than whole grains.Answer:TrueFalse61) When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the kidneys to lower the level.Answer:TrueFalse6

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62)Individuals who follow a strict low-carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis.Answer:TrueFalse63)Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid.Answer:TrueFalse64)The DRIs recommend 18 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories consumed.Answer:TrueFalse65)About 80 million people have prediabetes.Answer:TrueFalse66)Children can have type 1 diabetes but cannot have type 2 diabetes.Answer:TrueFalse67)All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichmentprocess.Answer:TrueFalse68)Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes,the most common type ofdiabetes.Answer:TrueFalse69)Diabetics can help avoid hypoglycemia by eating smaller, well-balanced meals throughout the day.Answer:TrueFalse70)Pectin is an insoluble fiber that moves quickly through the intestinal tract and has a laxative effect.Answer:TrueFalse71)The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regimen that controlled blood glucosehad no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes.Answer:TrueFalse72)Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into fat.Answer:TrueFalse73)When fasting continues long beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose.Answer:TrueFalse74)The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles.Answer:TrueFalse75)Insulin is not made in type 2 diabetes.Answer:TrueFalse76)Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of cases of the disease.Answer:TrueFalse7

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77)Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.Answer:TrueFalse78)Being overweight increases the risk of type 1 diabetes.Answer:TrueFalse79)Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.Answer:TrueFalseESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.80)Compare the DRI recommendation for added sugar with theDietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010'srecommendation for added sugar.Answer:The DRI recommends that less than 25% of daily calories come from added sugar, whereas theDietaryGuidelines for Americans, 2010recommends that no more than 5% to 15% of daily calories come from acombination of added sugar and solid fats.81)Briefly discuss the complications that arise from poorly managed diabetes.Answer:Complications of diabetes can include cardiovascular disease, blindness, reduced circulation leading toamputations of limbs, kidney failure, nerve damage, tooth loss, and gum problems.82)What is the difference between insoluble fiber and soluble fiber?Answer:Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water, whereas soluble fiber does. Insoluble fiber holds water in thestool and thereby helps with constipation, diverticulosis, certain cancers, heart disease, and obesity.Soluble fiber binds bile salts and can help to lower cholesterol (and thus reduce the risk of heart disease)as well as slow the digestion of carbohydrates, thereby lowering the risk of constipation and obesity andhelping to lower blood glucose levels after meals in people with diabetes.83)Why is whole-grain bread a better choice than enriched bread?Answer:Whole-grain bread has abundant vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and fiber; enriched bread hassome vitamins and minerals but the fiber and phytochemicals have been removed.84)List at least five ways you can improve your tolerance to lactose in dairy foods.Answer:Choose dairy foods that are better tolerated, such as Swiss or cheddar cheese and yogurts that containactive cultures. Try reduced-lactose milk and dairy products. Take lactase pills with dairy foods.Consume smaller amounts of dairy foods throughout the day. Eat dairy foods with a meal or snack ratherthan by themselves. Add dairy foods to the diet gradually.85)Identify at least four ways you can increase the amount of fiber in your diet.Answer:Eat whole grains instead of processed grains (whole-wheat bread instead of white bread, and brown riceinstead of white rice). Eat more whole fruits and vegetables. Snack on 100-percent whole-wheat crackersor popcorn. Add beans and other legumes to your meals. Eat a high-fiber cereal every day, for breakfastor as a snack. Note that increasing fiber intake too quickly can be harmful, so increase fiber consumptiongradually and drink more fluids.8

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86)What are the four mechanisms that may account for fiber's role in fighting colorectal cancer?Answer:1) Fiber increases the bulk of stool, which can dilute cancer-promoting agents in the colon. 2) Fiber helpsmove stool through the digestive tract, limiting the time cancer-promoting substances are in contact withthe intestinal lining. 3) Fiber promotes the growth of friendly bacteria and their fermentationby-products, which may fight cancer. 4) Fiber binds with bile acids and reduces their concentration in thecolon, which may deter the development of colorectal cancer.87) Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Construct a table to organize your ideas and include mentionof the causes, treatments, prevalence, and age of onset of each type.Answer:Type 1Type 2CauseImmune system destroysinsulin-producing cells of thepancreasInsulin resistance in whichbody cells are unresponsive toinsulinTreatmentDaily injections of insulin or aninsulin pumpWeight loss and/ormedicationsPrevalence5 to 10 percent90 to 95 percentAge of OnsetUsually childhood or youngadultUsually older person, butincreasingly seen inoverweight youngsters88) Describe how fasting or being on a low-carbohydrate diet can lead to ketosis.Answer: Once glycogen depletion has occurred (whether following low carbohydrate intake or fasting), the body'sstored fat is metabolized to provide glucose for energy. For fat to be used efficiently to provide energy,carbohydrates must be present, so with a low-carbohydrate diet or fasting, fat metabolism becomesinefficient. After a short while, the inefficient metabolism of fat leads to the formation of by-productscalled ketone bodies, which subsequently build up in the blood, producing the state of ketosis.89) Discuss the complete process of carbohydrate digestion, beginning in the mouth.Answer: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of amylase in the saliva on starch in the food.The action of amylase continues until stomach acids deactivate this enzyme. The arrival of food in thesmall intestine stimulates the release of another enzyme, pancreatic amylase, which further breaks downstarch molecules into the disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose. Then brush border enzymes(maltase, lactase, and sucrose) in the microvilli break the disaccharides into the monosaccharides glucose,galactose, and fructose. These monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to theliver, where the fructose and galactose are converted to glucose, which is either stored in the liver ortransported in the blood for delivery to your cells. The fiber continues down to the large intestine, wheresome of it is metabolized by bacteria in your colon. The majority of the fiber is eliminated in stool.9

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?A)They are organic compounds.B)They are needed for growth.C)They provide energy.D)They are tasteless.Answer:C2)Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?A)niacinB)riboflavinC)vitamin CD)vitamin AAnswer:D3)Which of the following conditions willnotdestroy the vitamin content of foods?A)coldB)airC)heatD)waterAnswer:A4)Which of the following statements about xerophthalmia is correct?A)It mainly affects the gallbladder.B)It often results from an overdose of vitamin A.C)It can result from the consumption of too many carrots.D)It is defined as permanent damage to the cornea resulting from a vitamin A deficiency.Answer:D5)Which of the following substances is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?A)beta-caroteneB)riboflavinC)pantothenic acidD)alpha-tocopherolAnswer:D6)Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?A)alpha-tocopherolB)thiaminC)riboflavinD)vitamin CAnswer:C7)Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?A)vitamin DB)vitamin KC)vitamin AD)vitamin CAnswer:B8)Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?A)pantothenic acidB)riboflavinC)vitamin DD)folateAnswer:D9)Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colon cancer?A)thiaminB)vitamin CC)alpha-tocopherolD)folateAnswer:D10)Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?A)vitamin B12 synthesisB) blood clottingC) bone growthD) collagen productionAnswer: D11) Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?A) vitamin DB) vitamin B3C) vitamin CD) vitamin B2Answer: B1

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12)Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?A)osteoporosisB)beriberiC)ricketsD)osteomalaciaAnswer:C13)Which of the following conditions isnotcaused by a vitamin D deficiency?A)scurvyB)ricketsC)osteoporosisD)osteomalaciaAnswer:A14)Which of the following factors isnotresponsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?A)increased use of sunscreensB)consumption of low-fat milkC)air pollutionD)scarcity of outdoor activitiesAnswer:B15)Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?A)biotinB)vitamin CC)vitamin DD)vitamin KAnswer:B16)Thiamin deficiency results in which of the following conditions?A)pellagraB)ricketsC)scurvyD)beriberiAnswer:D17)The phytochemical anthocyanin is found inA)barley.B)bananas.C)broccoli.D)beets.Answer:D18)Which of the following vitamins has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?A)thiaminB)vitamin BC)niacinD)vitamin CAnswer:C19)Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?A)frequent hand-washing with soap and waterB)taking vitamin C supplementsC)avoiding outside activities on very cold daysD)consuming the herb EchinaceaAnswer:A20)Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood?A)thiaminB)folateC)vitamin DD)niacinAnswer:B21)Which of the following substances isnotan antioxidant?A)biotinB)beta-caroteneC)vitamin ED)vitamin CAnswer:A22)Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?A)beansB)orangesC)meatD)asparagusAnswer:D23)Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?A) orangesB) peanutsC) eggsD) cantaloupeAnswer: C2

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24)Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 isfalse?A) The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.B) When it is deficient in the diet, pernicious anemia may result.C) Its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources.D) For its absorption to occur, intrinsic factor is required.Answer: A25) Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?A) B12B) B2C) B5D) B6Answer: A26) Which of the following people mightnotbenefit from a vitamin supplement?A) strict vegetariansB) individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sunC) women of childbearing ageD) individuals who regularly eat fortified foodsAnswer: D27) According to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute, which of the following lists of supplements maylower the risk of age-related macular degeneration?A) vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacinB) choline, carnitine, and inositolC) pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiaminD) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-caroteneAnswer: D28) At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?A) in the stomach and then in the small intestineB) in the liver and then in the kidneysC) in the blood and then in the skinD) in the liver and then in the gallbladderAnswer: B29) Which of the following vitamins helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?A) vitamin EB) vitamin DC) vitamin KD) cholineAnswer: B30) Vitamin K has a roleA) as an anticoagulant.B) in the production of the proteins rhodopsin and iodopsin.C) in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones.D) in the synthesis of collagen.Answer: C31) When the B vitamins help numerous enzymes produce reactions within cells, they are acting asA) anticoagulants.B) coenzymes.C) hormones.D) antioxidants.Answer: B32) Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.A) nicotinicB) folicC) pantothenicD) ascorbicAnswer: D3

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33)Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as ________ foods.A)adulteratedB)refinedC)fortifiedD)supplementedAnswer:C34)Which of the following organizations sets purity and reliability standards for dietary supplements?A)ADAB)USDAC)FDAD)USPAnswer:D35)________ and vitamin B12 are B vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.A) Vitamin B6B) NiacinC) ThiaminD) FolateAnswer: D36) ________ is a vitamin-like substance that is abundant in foods from animal sources and is needed to properlyutilize fat.A) InositolB) Lipoic acidC) CholineD) CarnitineAnswer: D37) Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certainchronic diseases are calledA) antioxidants.B) free radicals.C) supplements.D) phytochemicals.Answer: B38) Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are often excreted inA) mucus.B) the feces.C) urine.D) the blood.Answer: C39) ________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.A) RiboflavinB) FolateC) ThiaminD) NiacinAnswer: C40) The signs and symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.A) ricketsB) beriberiC) anemiaD) pellagraAnswer: D41) The body can synthesize ________ from the amino acid tryptophan.A) riboflavinB) niacinC) folateD) thiaminAnswer: B42) Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds, includingA) cobalamin.B) folic acid.C) choline.D) pyridoxine.Answer: D43) ________ boosts the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin KC) Vitamin DD) Vitamin CAnswer: D4

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44)Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________, which may reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer,arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.A) antioxidantsB) provitaminsC) anticoagulantsD) free radicalsAnswer: A45) Vitamin C helps the body absorb ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.A) caloriesB) proteinC) calciumD) ironAnswer: D46) Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is needed for the production ofA) hemoglobin.B) glycogen.C) osteocalcin.D) collagen.Answer: D47) The disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency is calledA) hemochromatosis.B) rickets.C) scurvy.D) beriberi.Answer: C48) The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is calledA) a cataract.B) glaucoma.C) marasmus.D) age-related macular degeneration.Answer: A49) ________ are naturally occurring plant compounds that act as antioxidants and give fruits and vegetables theirvibrant colors.A) Fat-soluble vitaminsB) PhytochemicalsC) AntioxidantsD) Free radicalsAnswer: B50) Individuals who cannot produce intrinsic factor and thus cannot absorb vitamin B12 may develop ________anemia.A) sickle cellB) perniciousC) macrocyticD) aplasticAnswer: BTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.51) Excessive amounts of vitamin E in the body increase the risk of hemorrhage.Answer:TrueFalse52) To produce vitamin D from sunlight, individuals with dark skin require a shorter period of sun exposure thanpeople with lighter skin.Answer:TrueFalse53) The disease that occurs in humans who have a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.Answer:TrueFalse54) Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiamin.Answer:TrueFalse55) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.Answer:TrueFalse5

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56)Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.Answer:TrueFalse57)Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content.Answer:TrueFalse58)Overconsumption of fat-soluble vitamins is more likely to be toxic than overconsumption of water-solublevitamins.Answer:TrueFalse59)Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia, if diagnosed early enough, can be reversed with treatments ofvitamin B12.Answer:TrueFalse60)The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.Answer:TrueFalse61)Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.Answer:TrueFalse62)Carotenodermia is a life-threatening toxic reaction to the overconsumption of vitamin A.Answer:TrueFalse63)The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.Answer:TrueFalse64)Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins that are essential for vision.Answer:TrueFalse65)A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.Answer:TrueFalse66)One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.Answer:TrueFalse67)The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.Answer:TrueFalse68)One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements.Answer:TrueFalse69)Vitamins do not provide energy.Answer:TrueFalse70)Large amounts of vitamin B6taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage.Answer:TrueFalse71)A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in macrocytic anemia.Answer:TrueFalse6

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72)A diet deficient in vitamin B6 can result in pernicious anemia.Answer:TrueFalse73) A diet that contains too much niacin may result in pellagra.Answer:TrueFalse74) A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in rickets.Answer:TrueFalse75) A diet deficient in vitamin D can result in osteomalacia.Answer:TrueFalse76) Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.Answer:TrueFalse77) Vitamin B6acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.Answer:TrueFalse78) Vitamin C is needed to make hemoglobin, the most abundant protein in the human body.Answer:TrueFalse79) Vitamin K is an important anticoagulant.Answer:TrueFalse80) Biotin plays a part in DNA formation.Answer:TrueFalseESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.81) What are coenzymes, and which vitamins play this role in the body?Answer: Coenzymes are substances needed by enzymes to perform many chemical reactions in your body.Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin are allcoenzymes. All are B vitamins.82) What is an antioxidant and which vitamins play this role in the body?Answer: Antioxidants are substances that neutralize harmful oxygen-containing free radicals that can cause celldamage. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are antioxidants.83) Vegans are particularly at risk for deficiencies of which vitamins?Answer: B12is only found in animal foods, and the best source of vitamin D is dairy, which vegans would notconsume.84) What are the first physical signs of riboflavin deficiency? What is one of the best food sources for riboflavin?Answer: The throat, mouth, and tongue will become red and inflamed (glossitis), and the lips will become dry andscaly. Milk is an excellent source of riboflavin.7

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85)Name four diseases that free radicals are thought to promote.Answer:Free radicals may promote oxidative stress, which can contribute to heart disease, cancer, aging, diabetesmellitus, arthritis, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer'sdisease.86) What is "intrinsic factor" and what is its relationship to vitamin B12? What happens if a person no longer makesintrinsic factor?Answer: Intrinsic factor is a protein produced in your stomach that helps promote vitamin B12 absorption. It bindswith B12 in the small intestine, where the vitamin is absorbed. Individuals who cannot make intrinsicfactor are diagnosed with pernicious anemia and must be given injections of B12 directly into the blood,bypassing the intestine.87) What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Which vitamins and minerals were shown in a study by theNational Eye Institute to reduce the risk of this disease?Answer: AMD is a disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision in the center of the eye andeventually blindness. Free radical accumulation contributes to AMD. A study by the NEI discovered thatsupplements containing large amounts of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) alongwith the minerals zinc and copper, were effective in reducing the risk of AMD as well as the loss of visionin people with advanced stages of AMD.88) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of which vitamin? Why is this disease caused bychronic alcohol abuse? What are the common symptoms of this syndrome?Answer: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a result of a severe deficiency of thiamine. Chronic alcoholconsumption/abuse interferes with the absorption of dietary thiamin, thus accelerating its excretion fromthe body. The common symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include memory loss, difficultyseeing, mental confusion, low blood pressure, uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs, and evencoma.89) Discuss the role folate plays during pregnancy.Answer: Folate is very important, especially in the first few weeks after conception. A deficiency duringpregnancy may cause birth defects called neural tube defects. One result is anencephaly, where the braindoesn't completely form and the baby dies soon after birth. Another result is spina bifida where theneural tube doesn't form correctly and the baby is born with its spinal cord exposed. Folic acid reducesthe risk of these birth defects by 50 to 70 percent if consumed at least the month prior to conception andduring the early part of pregnancy.90) What is rickets, and why is its incidence increasing in the United States?Answer: Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency in children. The bones of children with rickets do not adequatelymineralize with calcium and phosphorus, and this causes them to weaken. Due to these "soft bones,"these children develop bowed legs. The disease is on the rise, in spite of milk being fortified with vitaminD, probably due to changes in the lifestyles and diets of children in America. One reason may be theincrease in the consumption of soft drinks instead of milk. Another reason may be concern over skincancer; childhood exposure to sunlight appears to increase the risk of skin cancer, but exposure tosunlight is also a way self-synthesis of vitamin D can occur. A last factor may be that air pollutionreduces ultraviolet rays of the sun by as much as 60 percent.8

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to________ drink(s) daily for adult men.A) 2; 3B) 1; 2C) 1; 3D) 1; 1Answer: B2) Which of the following statements about resveratrol is incorrect?A) It is responsible for hangovers.B) It is a flavonoid.C) It is found in red wine.D) It is a type of phytochemical.Answer: A3) Which of the following factors doesnotaffect how quickly the body absorbs and metabolizes alcohol?A) whether you are male or femaleB) the time of day you drinkC) the amount of food in your stomachD) the amount of alcohol you drinkAnswer: B4) Alcohol is metabolized primarily in theA) stomach.B) liver.C) small intestine.D) pancreas.Answer: B5) The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is located in theA) mouth and throat.B) gallbladder and kidneys.C) intestines and colon.D) stomach and liver.Answer: D6) A blood alcohol concentration above ________ will often result in death.A) 0.31B) 0.21C) 0.11D) 0.41Answer: D7) Which of the following areas of the brain is affected first by alcohol?A) cerebral cortexB) brain stemC) cerebellumD) All of these areas are affected at the same time.Answer: A8) Compounds in alcoholic beverages that enhance flavor and appearance but may contribute to hangoversymptoms are calledA) congeners.B) alcohol-based toxins.C) acetaldehydes.D) resveratrols.Answer: A9) Which of the following statements concerning a hangover is correct?A) Consuming a raw egg can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.B) Time is the only true remedy for hangover symptoms.C) Drinking a mixture of congeners can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.D) Drinking more alcohol mixed with orange juice can be an effective remedy for hangover symptoms.Answer: B10) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with a deficiency ofA) niacin.B) vitamin C.C) vitamin E.D) thiamin.Answer: D1

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11)Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use ofA)fat-soluble vitamins.B)zinc.C)protein.D)All of the answers are correct.Answer:D12)The effects of fatty liver can be reversed byA)eating more dairy products.B)consuming more vitamin C in the diet.C)stopping the consumption of alcohol.D)drinking more fluids.Answer:C13)Which of the following conditions is the second stage of alcoholic liver disease?A)cirrhosisB)fatty liverC)alcohol hepatitisD)gastritisAnswer:C14)In addition to chronically drinking too much alcohol, which of the following lifestyle behaviors heightens therisk of esophageal cancer?A) eating a high-fat dietB) inactivityC) smoking cigarettesD) obesityAnswer: C15) Endotoxin, released by bacteria in the intestines, can cause the liver to release damaging compounds calledA) congeners.B) acetaldehydes.C) free radicals.D) cytokines.Answer: D16) Which of the following statements regarding the third stage of alcoholic liver disease is incorrect?A) It is reversible.B) Liver cells die.C) It is also known as cirrhosis.D) Scar tissue is formed.Answer: A17) Which of the following substances is released by intestinal bacteria, travels to the liver, and initiates further liverdamage?A) endotoxinB) MEOSC) free radicalsD) acetaldehydeAnswer: A18) Which of the following recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy is safe?A) An occasional drink is perfectly fine during the third trimester.B) An occasional drink is okay during the first trimester.C) Drink only moderately during pregnancy.D) Do not drink at all during pregnancy.Answer: D19) Binge drinking is the consumption of ________ or more alcoholic drinks by men or ________ or more drinks bywomen, in a very short time.A) 5; 4B) 5; 2C) 3; 3D) 4; 3Answer: A20) Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking?A) 800B) 1,300C) 700D) 1,825Answer: D2

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21)For adults in the United States, the legal limit for driving is a blood alcohol content ofA)0.10.B)0.08.C)0.04.D)0.20.Answer:B22)Which of the following conditions is a symptom of alcohol use disorder?A)craving alcoholB)withdrawal symptomsC)an inability to limit alcohol intakeD)All of the answers are correct.Answer:D23)The people who gain health benefits from moderate alcohol consumption areA)women age 35 and older and men age 25 and older.B)women and men of all ages.C)women age 55 and older and men age 45 and older.D)women age 21 and older and men age 18 and older.Answer:C24)Which of the following substances, when consumed during and after alcohol consumption, has been shown tocause liver damage in some cases?A) acetaminophenB) ibuprofenC) endotoxinD) caffeineAnswer: A25) Which of the following statements about alcohol is incorrect?A) It promotes a good night's sleep.B) It is associated with sexual dysfunction in males and females.C) It can increase estrogen levels in women.D) It can damage heart tissue and increase the risk of hypertension.Answer: A26) Which of the following statements indicates what will occur if you consistently add extra calories from alcoholicbeverages to a diet that is already meeting your daily caloric needs?A) You will gain weight because the extra calories are converted to fat.B) It depends on whether the alcohol beverages consumed are wine or beer.C) You will remain at the same weight because the calories in alcohol are negligible.D) You will lose weight because alcohol raises your metabolism.Answer: A27) Which of the following body systems in the fetus is seriously damaged when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol?A) respiratoryB) nervousC) reproductiveD) gastrointestinalAnswer: B28) Which of the following statements about binge drinking is incorrect?A) It can increase the chance that unprotected sex will occur.B) It can cause blackouts.C) It is a normal part of the college experience.D) It can be associated with heart attacks.Answer: C3

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