PSY 870: Module 5 Problem Set
This solved assignment covers statistical and research problems in psychology.
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College of Doctoral Studies
PSY 870: Module 5 Problem Set
Anxiety and Country
This study examined differences in anxiety level between an industrial country and a
nonindustrial country. Anxiety is assessed three ways—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—
with higher scores indicating higher levels of the anxiety dimensions.
Directions:
Using the SPSS data file for Module 5 (located in Topic Materials), answer the following
questions. NOTE: Helpful hints are provided here for you to use while answering these
questions.
1. What is the ONE independent variable in this study? What are the dependent variables?
2. Why is a one-way between-subjects MANOVA appropriate to use for this research
design?
HINT:
Consider the number of IVs and the number of DVs for your answer.
3. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file
(don’t forget to check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you correct
it?
HINT:
YES! The Measures (for scale of measurement) is wrong for each of the 4 variables!
You need to indicate what was wrong and what should be the correct measures.
4. Perform Initial Data Screening. What did you find regarding missing values, univariate
outliers, multivariate outliers, normality? Although you are not asked to make
adjustments, what should you consider when you find these kinds of outcomes?
HINTS:
For missing values, see Case Processing Summary
Univariate outliers: inspect boxplots
Multivariate outliers: Don’t forget to create the Case ID variable to do this
analysis. Then, perform a regression analysis with CaseID as the DV and
Country as the IV in order to compute the Mahalanobis distance measures. Be
sure to click Save when you are setting up the regression so the regression scores
PSY 870: Module 5 Problem Set
Anxiety and Country
This study examined differences in anxiety level between an industrial country and a
nonindustrial country. Anxiety is assessed three ways—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—
with higher scores indicating higher levels of the anxiety dimensions.
Directions:
Using the SPSS data file for Module 5 (located in Topic Materials), answer the following
questions. NOTE: Helpful hints are provided here for you to use while answering these
questions.
1. What is the ONE independent variable in this study? What are the dependent variables?
2. Why is a one-way between-subjects MANOVA appropriate to use for this research
design?
HINT:
Consider the number of IVs and the number of DVs for your answer.
3. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file
(don’t forget to check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you correct
it?
HINT:
YES! The Measures (for scale of measurement) is wrong for each of the 4 variables!
You need to indicate what was wrong and what should be the correct measures.
4. Perform Initial Data Screening. What did you find regarding missing values, univariate
outliers, multivariate outliers, normality? Although you are not asked to make
adjustments, what should you consider when you find these kinds of outcomes?
HINTS:
For missing values, see Case Processing Summary
Univariate outliers: inspect boxplots
Multivariate outliers: Don’t forget to create the Case ID variable to do this
analysis. Then, perform a regression analysis with CaseID as the DV and
Country as the IV in order to compute the Mahalanobis distance measures. Be
sure to click Save when you are setting up the regression so the regression scores
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will be saved to a new variable (automatically named MAH_1). Then, Explore
MAH_1 scores, remembering to check the “Outliers” box that is found with Plots.
This will give you information about multivariate outliers.
Normality:
Examine the skewness and kurtosis values for each dependent variable:
Examining the histograms
Examine the Shapiro-Wilks’ results
5. Perform a one-way between-subjects MANOVA on the data. Before interpreting the
results of the MANOVA, check outcomes that test other assumptions for this statistic:
equality of covariance matrices (see Box’s Test) and sufficient correlation among the
DVs (see Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity). Also check the results of the Levene’s Test of
Equality of Error Variances to evaluate that assumption for the univariate ANOVAs that
are run and show in the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects output. What have you found
about whether the data meet these additional assumptions for the MANOVA and
followup ANOVAs?
HINTS:
Be sure to read the instructions very carefully in the textbook for what to check to
get these results for these tests of assumptions (e.g., you have to check Residual
SSCP matrix within Options to get the results of the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity).
Be sure to review what a statistically significant outcome means for each test: in
some cases, it means a violation, but in others it means an assumption is met.
Solution:
SPSS Output for above question is given below:
will be saved to a new variable (automatically named MAH_1). Then, Explore
MAH_1 scores, remembering to check the “Outliers” box that is found with Plots.
This will give you information about multivariate outliers.
Normality:
Examine the skewness and kurtosis values for each dependent variable:
Examining the histograms
Examine the Shapiro-Wilks’ results
5. Perform a one-way between-subjects MANOVA on the data. Before interpreting the
results of the MANOVA, check outcomes that test other assumptions for this statistic:
equality of covariance matrices (see Box’s Test) and sufficient correlation among the
DVs (see Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity). Also check the results of the Levene’s Test of
Equality of Error Variances to evaluate that assumption for the univariate ANOVAs that
are run and show in the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects output. What have you found
about whether the data meet these additional assumptions for the MANOVA and
followup ANOVAs?
HINTS:
Be sure to read the instructions very carefully in the textbook for what to check to
get these results for these tests of assumptions (e.g., you have to check Residual
SSCP matrix within Options to get the results of the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity).
Be sure to review what a statistically significant outcome means for each test: in
some cases, it means a violation, but in others it means an assumption is met.
Solution:
SPSS Output for above question is given below:
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Document Details
University
University of Phoenix
Subject
Psychology