Sociology in Modules 1st Edition Test Bank

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1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following was the main concern of Kelsey Timmerman in his book Where Am I
Wearing?
A. why people wear different styles in different locales
B. differences in fashion across cultures
C. the living conditions of the people who make our clothing
D. pirating in the fashion industry
2. The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as
A. psychology.
B. political science.
C. anthropology.
D. sociology.
3. The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal
social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called
A. the sociological imagination.
B. anthropology.
C. a theory.
D. verstehen.
4. ________ is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination.
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Max Weber
C. Karl Marx
D. C. Wright Mills
5. A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society
A. from the perspective of personal experience.
B. from the perspective of cultural biases.
C. as an outsider.
D. as an insider.

6. Which aspect of an individual divorce of a middle-income couple living in the suburbs would most
likely be of interest to sociologists using the sociological imagination?
A. the relation between the divorce and the common demographics of divorce in the couple's
community
B. the effect of the divorce on the woman's performance at work
C. the mental health of the children of the divorce
D. All of these answers are correct.
7. C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United
States because divorce
A. is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women.
B. is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern.
C. may create emotional scars for divorcees.
D. has been a serious problem throughout history.
8. The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called
a(n)
A. theory.
B. verstehen.
C. science.
D. ideal type.
9. Sociology is considered a science because sociologists
A. teach at respected universities.
B. engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
C. receive government funding for research projects.
D. construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior.
10. Which of the following subject areas is an example of a natural science?
A. philosophy
B. anthropology
C. psychology
D. astronomy

11. Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history study various aspects of human society and are
therefore considered
A. natural sciences.
B. social sciences.
C. typologies.
D. psychological categories.
12. Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on
people's attitudes and behavior and the ways in which people shape society?
A. anthropology
B. economics
C. sociology
D. physics
13. Which social science would be interested in the actions taken by elected officials both during and
in the aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti?
A. history
B. economics
C. sociology
D. political science
14. A natural scientist would be likely to study
A. the clothing patterns of a group of people during a hundred-year period.
B. food preparation among a tribal group in New Guinea.
C. rock formations and composition in the Grand Canyon.
D. the interaction between men and women on a college campus.
15. A social scientist would be likely to study the
A. composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia.
B. reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S.
C. newest procedure in heart transplant surgery.
D. possibility of life on Mars.

16. Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are
A. not published.
B. not always reliable.
C. not politically correct.
D. easily disseminated.
17. An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner is called a(n)
A. science.
B. typology.
C. theory.
D. ideal type.
18. Émile Durkheim's study of suicide related suicide rates to
A. personal depression.
B. personal stress.
C. the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society.
D. climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters.
19. Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he
A. developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data.
B. carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims.
C. worked in a university setting.
D. divided suicide into four distinctive categories.
20. Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of
A. suicide.
B. abortion.
C. soccer.
D. crowd control.
21. The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist
A. Émile Durkheim.
B. Auguste Comte.
C. Harriet Martineau.
D. Marcel Marceau.

22. Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact
the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems?
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Talcott Parsons
23. Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they
change or evolve over time?
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Charles Darwin
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Herbert Spencer
24. Anomie refers to a
A. model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
B. loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become
ineffective.
C. classification scheme containing two or more categories.
D. type of suicide that is based on depression.
25. The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by
A. Auguste Comte.
B. Émile Durkheim.
C. Max Weber.
D. C. Wright Mills.
26. The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's
emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was
A. verstehen.
B. Gemeinschaft.
C. anomie.
D. Gesellschaft.

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27. A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover
whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an
unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. verstehen.
D. globalization techniques.
28. An ideal type is a(n)
A. body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
B. construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be
evaluated.
C. detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
D. initiator of people's attitudes or behavior.
29. A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst
possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, are an example
of a(n)
A. typology.
B. ideal type.
C. verstehen.
D. hypothesis.
30. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must
A. ally with capitalists to build a better world.
B. try to work toward a return to feudalism.
C. overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
D. ignore all aspects of class divisions.
31. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of
class struggles… The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.
WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!"
A. bourgeoisie
B. proletarians
C. vulcans
D. middle classes

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32. Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms;
that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and
dominance of the owners over the workers.
A. economic
B. social
C. political
D. economic, social, and political
33. In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between
A. separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
B. economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
C. different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
D. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.
34. Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks?
A. Robert Merton
B. Jane Addams
C. W. E. B. DuBois
D. C. Wright Mills
35. For W. E. B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and
achieving tolerance and justice?
A. mass protests
B. common sense
C. knowledge
D. surveys
36. In 1909, W. E. B. DuBois helped found which of these organizations?
A. Black Panther Party
B. Nation of Islam
C. NAACP
D. Black National Congress

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37. What concept did DuBois develop to describe the experience of being Black in White America—a
division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities?
A. double consciousness
B. racial fetishism
C. double rejection
D. bipolar racism
38. Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley?
A. class issues
B. divorce
C. intimate face-to-face groups
D. suicide
39. Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders
of community centers known as
A. settlement houses.
B. communes.
C. collective homes.
D. utopian communities.
40. Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the
20th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to
A. theorizing and gathering information.
B. a de-emphasis on the scientific method.
C. applied sociology.
D. advocacy of civil rights for minorities.
41. Which sociologist made an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining
theory and research?
A. C. Wright Mills
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Robert Merton

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42. Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as
A. microsociology.
B. interactionism.
C. macrosociology.
D. dramaturgy.
43. ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories.
A. Microsociology
B. Macrosociology
C. Middle-range sociology
D. Conflict theory
44. A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France is an
example of
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. microsociology.
D. macrosociology.
45. A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern
college. This would be an example of
A. conflict theory.
B. functionalism.
C. macrosociology.
D. microsociology.
46. Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital?
A. the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks
B. knowledge of great American authors
C. a close network of extended relatives
D. knowledge of Laotian cuisine

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47. Which of the following would be an example of social capital?
A. an expert-level knowledge of fine wines
B. the pleasure derived from participating in social events
C. a thorough understanding of global politics
D. powerful family political connections
48. Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the
organism contributes to its survival and stability?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. All of these answers are correct.
49. Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to
maintain the system as a whole?
A. Karl Marx
B. Erving Goffman
C. Max Weber
D. Talcott Parsons
50. Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to
a society's stability, then it does not serve a useful function?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. All of these answers are correct.
51. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political
machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective

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52. The state of Ohio has a dwindling population. In an effort to increase the birthrate in the state,
Ohio offers a $5,000.00 bonus to all families giving birth in the state for the next three years.
Which of the following is the latent function?
A. an increase in the birth rate for the state of Ohio
B. an increase in the population in the state of Ohio
C. an increase in the need for teachers as a result of more children in the Ohio educational
system
D. All of these are latent functions.
53. According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life would be passed on from one
generation to the next if it
A. can be used by one group to subjugate another group.
B. enhances impression management.
C. promotes value consensus among members of a society.
D. is dysfunctional.
54. Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges?
A. They are a place to meet future husbands or wives.
B. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively.
C. They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S.
D. They prepare students for post-college careers.
55. An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease
in stability is known as a
A. latent function.
B. manifest function.
C. dysfunction.
D. conflict function.
56. Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves
when they are adults. This could be considered an example of a
A. dysfunction of families.
B. latent function of families.
C. manifest function of families.
D. proactive function of families.

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57. Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective
58. A sociologist who studies the unequal economic reality between men and women would probably
be following which of the these perspectives?
A. functionalism
B. interactionism
C. conflict
D. All of these answers are correct.
59. Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie
corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced
and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the
A. functionalist perspective.
B. conflict perspective.
C. interactionist perspective.
D. global perspective.
60. Contemporary conflict theorists are concerned with the conflict between
A. women and men.
B. cities and suburbs.
C. Blacks and Whites.
D. All of these answers are correct.
61. Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in
gender as central to behavior and organization?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

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62. Which sociologist explored what it meant to be female and Black living in the U.S.?
A. Jane Addams
B. Ida Wells-Barnett
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Meda Chesney-Lind
63. Theorist Eve Sedgwick (1990) argues that any analysis of society is incomplete if it does not
include
A. both macro- and micro-level views of the subject of study.
B. a consideration of the patriarchal nature of government and business management systems.
C. the spectrum of sexual identities that people embrace.
D. comprehensive data on the common symbology that society has adopted.
64. Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to
understand society as a whole?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. All of these answers are correct.
65. Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through
interaction and manipulation of symbols?
A. functionalist
B. conflict
C. interactionist
D. global
66. Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective?
A. C. Wright Mills
B. George Herbert Mead
C. Charles Horton Cooley
D. Erving Goffman

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67. Which sociological perspective is most concerned with macro-level analysis?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. both the functionalist and conflict perspectives
68. Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. All of these answers are correct.
69. In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution
that aspect makes to overall social stability?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. All of these answers are correct.
70. Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion
and exploitation?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective
71. Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions
as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

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72. Which sociological perspective would view sports as a form of big business in which profits are
more important than the health and safety of athletes?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. None of these answers is correct.
73. Which sociological perspective would view sports as serving as a safety valve for both
participants and spectators, allowing them to shed tension and aggressive energy in a socially
acceptable way?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective
74. Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's
physical well-being?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective
75. The view that sports serve as an "opiate" for social injustices and distract people from focusing on
the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by
A. functionalists.
B. conflict theorists.
C. interactionists.
D. global sociologists.
76. Which sociological perspective would suggest that sports participants may work together
harmoniously and abandon previously held stereotypes and prejudices despite class, racial, and
religious differences?
A. functionalist perspective
B. queer theory
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

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