Sociology, Ninth Canadian Edition Test Bank

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TEST ITEM FILESandra EnnsLangara CollegeSociologyNinth CanadianEditionJohn J. MacionisKenyon CollegeLinda M. GerberUniversity of Guelph

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1Test Bank for Macionis/Gerber,Sociology, Ninth Canadian EditionChapter 1: The Sociological PerspectiveMultiple Choice Questions1) What might a sociologist say about people's selection of marriage partners?a. People marry because they fall in love.b. When it comes to romance, it’s all a matter of personal taste.c. Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.d. When it comes to love, opposites attract.Answer: cPage Reference: 5Skill: Applied2) The idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the seasons influenceactivities and choice of clothing describesa. the basis of what philosophy calls “free will.”b. the essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology.c. the fact that people everywhere have “common sense.”d. the fact that people from countries all around the world make mostly identical choices about how tolive.Answer: bPage Reference: 3Skill: Conceptual3) Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”?a. sociologyb. psychologyc. economicsd. historyAnswer: aPage Reference: 3Skill: Factual4) Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the ______ in the _______.a. good; worst tragediesb. new; oldc. specific; generald. general; particularAnswer: dPage Reference: 3Skill: Conceptual5) By stating that the sociological perspective shows us “the strange in the familiar,” the text argues thatsociologistsa. focus on the bizarre elements of society.b. reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favour of the initially strange idea thatsociety shapes our lives.c. believe that people often behave in strange ways.d. believe that even people who are most familiar to us have some very strange habits.Answer: bPage Reference: 4–5Skill: Conceptual6) Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going tocollege highlights the effect ofa. nationality, because most countries outside of the West don’t have colleges.

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2b. gender, because women don’t generally attend college.c. our place in history, because a century ago going to college was not an option for most people.d. intelligence, because it’s smarter to go to college than trade school.Answer: cPage Reference: 5Skill: Applied7) A sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to awoman reflectsa. her preference for family size.b. how many children she can afford.c. whether she herself was born into a poor or rich society.d. the desires of her husband.Answer: cPage Reference: 5Skill: Applied8) According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with a higher suicide rate typically hasa. more clinical depression.b. less money, power, and other resources.c. lower social integration.d. greater self-esteem.Answer: cPage Reference: 5–6Skill: Factual9) The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe wasa. Robert K. Merton.b. Auguste Comte.c. Emile Durkheim.d. Karl Marx.Answer: cPage Reference: 5Skill: Factual10) In Canada today, the suicide rate is highest for which category of people listed below?a. White malesb. Black malesc. White femalesd. Black femalesAnswer: aPage Reference: 6Skill: Factual11) Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of Canada than in urban areas, we would expectsuicide rates to bea. higher in urban areas.b. higher in rural areas.c. high in both urban and rural areas.d. low in both urban and rural areas.Answer: bPage Reference: 6–7Skill: Applied12) Sociologists use the term “social marginality” to refer toa. people who have little understanding of sociology.

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3b. having special social skills.c. being defined by others as an “outsider.”d. people who are especially sensitive about their family background.Answer: cPage Reference: 7Skill: Conceptual13) If marginality encourages sociological thinking, we would expect people in which category listedbelow to make the most use of the sociological perspective?a. the wealthyb. disabled persons or people who are a racial minorityc. politiciansd. the middle classAnswer: bPage Reference: 7–8Skill: Applied14) Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would have expected the sociological imagination to bemore widespreada. during times of peace and prosperity.b. among the very rich.c. among very religious people.d. during times of social crisis.Answer: dPage Reference: 7–8Skill: Applied15) C. Wright Mills claimed that the “sociological imagination” transformeda. common sense into laws of society.b. people into supporters of the status quo.c. personal problems into public issues.d. scientific research into common sense.Answer: cPage Reference: 8Skill: Conceptual16) Canada falls within which category of the world’s nations?a. low-income nationsb. middle-income nationsc. high-income nationsd. variable-income nationsAnswer: cPage Reference: 9Skill: Factual17) Which of the following categories contains countries in which average income is typical for the worldas a whole and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area?a. low-income nationsb. middle-income nationsc. high-income nationsd. variable-income nationsAnswer: bPage Reference: 9–11Skill: Conceptual

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418) The nations of Europe, Israel, Japan, and Australia fall into which of the following categories ofcountries?a. low-income nationsb. middle-income nationsc. high-income nationsd. each belongs to a different categoryAnswer: cPage Reference: 9Skill: Conceptual19) Almost all of Latin America and Asia falls within which of the following categories?a. low-income nationsb. middle-income nationsc. high-income nationsd. very rich nationsAnswer: bPage Reference: 9Skill: Factual20) Which of the following is a reason that it is important to understand the world beyond our ownborders?a. Nations of the world are increasingly interconnected.b. So we can see how much better our country is than other countries.c. Because of an international agreement mandated by the United Nations.d. It isn’t important.Answer: aPage Reference: 9Skill: Factual21) Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differsfrom her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her toa. end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life.b. accept what people in Canada call “common sense.”c. assume that people’s lives reflect the choices they make.d. want to move to that other country, because their way of life is clearly superior.Answer: aPage Reference: 12Skill: Applied22) Making use of the sociological perspective encouragesa. challenging commonly held beliefs.b. accepting conventional wisdom.c. the belief that society is mysterious.d. people to be happier with their lives as they are.Answer: aPage Reference: 12Skill: Factual23) Learning more sociology helps us toa. realize that common sense is universal.b. assess the opportunities and constraints in our lives.c. understand why it’s better to live in high-income countries than low-income countries.d. conform to social expectations and fit in better.Answer: bPage Reference: 12Skill: Factual

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524) Sociology provides an advantage to students preparing for later careers by preparing them for worka. only as teaching sociologists.b. only in criminal justice or social work.c. only as clinical sociologists.d. in all of the above careers and many others, including business, education, law enforcement, andsocial work.Answer: dPage Reference: 12Skill: Factual25) Examples of people applying their knowledge of sociology at work include people ina. law enforcement understanding which categories of people are most likely to commit crimes.b. law enforcement understanding which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims ofcrime.c. resource-extraction industries that seek to remove ancestral lands from indigenous inhabitants forprofit.d. people in the clergy who want to weed out undesirable elements in their congregations.Answer: bPage Reference: 12Skill: Applied26) Which of the following historical changes is among the factors that stimulated the development ofsociology as a discipline?a. the founding of the Roman Catholic Churchb. the rise of industrial factories and citiesc. the power of traditiond. a belief that our futures are defined by “fate”Answer: bPage Reference: 13Skill: Factual27) We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that wasa. very traditional.b. experiencing many social changes.c. very poor.d. small and socially isolated.Answer: bPage Reference: 13Skill: Applied28) In which of the countries noted below did sociology as a formal discipline appear first?a. the United Statesb. Japanc. Franced. ChinaAnswer: cPage Reference: 13Skill: Factual29) The termsociologywas coined in 1838 bya. Karl Marx.b. Herbert Spencer.c. Adam Smith.d. Auguste Comte.Answer: d

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6Page Reference: 13Skill: Factual30) Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing ona. what the ideal society should be.b. human nature.c. the place of God in shaping human events.d. how society actually operates.Answer: dPage Reference: 13Skill: Factual31) The major goal of sociology’s pioneers, including Comte and Durkheim, wasa. to change social patterns and events.b. to help build an “ideal society.”c. to discover how society actually operates.d. to prevent disruptive social change.Answer: cPage Reference: 13Skill: Factual32) Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of societal development?a. theological stageb. metaphysical stagec. scientific staged. post-scientific stageAnswer: aPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Conceptual33) The ancient Romans saw the stars as gods. Comte would classify Roman society as which of thefollowing types?a. scientific stageb. metaphysical stagec. theological staged. post-scientific stageAnswer: cPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Applied34) According to Comte, people begin to see society as a natural—rather than a supernatural—phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development?a. theological stageb. metaphysical stagec. scientific staged. post-scientific stageAnswer: bPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Conceptual35) Thomas Hobbes’s idea that society reflects a selfish human nature illustrates the thinking common atwhich of Comte’s stages of societal development?a. theological stageb. metaphysical stagec. scientific staged. sociological stage

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7Answer: bPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Applied36) According to Comte, people living in Europe during the Middle Ages thought of society asa. a system operating according to its own laws.b. chaotic and having little form.c. an expression of God’s will.d. operating precisely as nature intended.Answer: cPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Factual37) According to Comte’s approach, the kind of thinking favoured by people such as Thomas Edison, theinventor of the light bulb, becomes common in a society at which stage of societal development?a. theological stageb. metaphysical stagec. scientific staged. positivist stage.Answer: cPage Reference: 13–14Skill: Applied38) _____ is a way of understanding the world based on science.a. Theologyb. Positivismc. Metaphysicsd. Free willAnswer: bPage Reference: 14Skill: Conceptual39) When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in North America?a. during the Middle Agesb. about 1800c. about 1900d. about 1975Answer: cPage Reference: 13Skill: Factual40) Most of today’s sociologists agree with Auguste Comte that science is a crucial part of sociology, butmost also recognize thata. human beings are orderly and always accepting of structure and definition.b. human behaviour is far less complex than natural phenomena.c. no rigid “laws of society” hold everywhere and at all times.d. the framework of society is a naturally occurring phenomenon which will play out the same across theworld.Answer: cPage Reference: 14Skill: Factual41) Sociologists cannot identify “laws of society” that allow us to predict individual human behavioura. because human behaviour is patterned but also spontaneous.b. because sociology is still very young.c. because no sociologist ever tried to discover such laws.

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8d. because society is modelled after God’s will, which is beyond the understanding of sociology.Answer: aPage Reference: 14Skill: Factual42) French-Canadian sociology was influenced, initially, bya. sociology in France.b. August Comte.c. the Roman Catholic Church.d. Harriet Martineau.Answer: cPage Reference: 14Skill: Factual43) Canadian sociology, as distinct from American sociology, containsa. a unique anglophone component.b. a unique francophone component.c. a reflection of four major cultures.d. an Aboriginal component.Answer: bPage Reference: 14Skill: Conceptual44) With whom do we associate the “staples thesis”?a. Auguste Comteb. Harold Innisc. John Porterd. Dorothy SmithAnswer: bPage Reference: 14Skill: Factual45) Who said “the medium is the message”?a. Harold Innisb. John Porterc. Dorothy Smithd. Marshal McLuhanAnswer: dPage Reference: 15Skill: Factual46) Who coined the term “institutional completeness”?a. John Porterb. Dorothy Smithc. Harold Innisd. Raymond BretonAnswer: dPage Reference: 17Skill: Factual47) Which of the following does NOT contribute to Canadian sociology’s concern with questions of unity,political movements, regionalism, environment, identity, diversity, and cultural expression?a. Canada’s massive sizeb. Canada’s distance from Europec. Canada’s sparse but diverse populationd. Canada’s proximity to the United States

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9Answer: bPage Reference: 14–17Skill: Conceptual48) A statement of how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)a. approach.b. precept.c. concept.d. theory.Answer: dPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual49) To evaluate a theory, sociologistsa. gather data or facts.b. follow the conventional wisdom of their society.c. are guided by what they personally want to be true.d. ask their sociology professors if it sounds right.Answer: aPage Reference: 17–18Skill: Factual50) If we state that children raised in single-parent families are at high risk of being single parentsthemselves, we have constructed a(n) _____ of family life.a. approachb. preceptc. conceptd. theoryAnswer: dPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual51) In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided bya. one or more theoretical approaches.b. their own common sense.c. our society’s traditional wisdom.d. sheer chance.Answer: aPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual52) Which theoretical approach was used by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim?a. the structural-functional approachb. the social-conflict approachc. the symbolic-interaction approachd. the deviance and social control approachAnswer: aPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual53) The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts worktogether to promote solidarity and stability is thea. structural-functional approach.b. social-conflict approach.c. symbolic-interaction approach.d. None of the above is correct.

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10Answer: aPage Reference: 17–18Skill: Conceptual54) Which term is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behaviour?a. social structureb.eufunctionsc. social functionsd. social dysfunctionsAnswer: aPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual55) Which of the following best describes the focus of the structural-functional approach?a. the meaning people attach to their behaviourb. patterns of social inequalityc. the consequences of social patterns for the operation of societyd. the conflicts which arise between genders or ethnicities.Answer: cPage Reference: 17Skill: Conceptual56) Using the structural-functional approach, which of the following questions might you ask aboutmarriage?a. What do people think marriage means?b. How does marriage benefit women and men unequally?c. What are the consequences of marriage for the operation of society?d. How can we help people find more pleasure in their marriages?Answer: cPage Reference: 18Skill: Applied57) Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole.What is the term for these negative consequences?a. social structureb. eufunctionsc. social functionsd. social dysfunctionsAnswer: dPage Reference: 18Skill: Conceptual58) Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development of sociology’s structural-functional approach.a. Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, W.E.B. Du Boisb. Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheimc. Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Auguste Comted. Harriet Martineau, Robert Merton, W.E.B. Du BoisAnswer: bPage Reference: 17Skill: Factual59) Herbert Spencer described human society as having much in common witha. animal societies.b. planets and stars.c. the human brain.

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11d. the human body.Answer: dPage Reference: 17Skill: Factual60) Who was the sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions ofsocial patterns?a. Robert K. Mertonb. William Graham Sumnerc. Talcott Parsonsd. C. Wright MillsAnswer: aPage Reference: 18Skill: Factual61) The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to asa. latent functions.b. manifest functions.c. eufunctions.d. dysfunctions.Answer: bPage Reference: 18Skill: Conceptual62) Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are calleda. latent functions.b. manifest functions.c. eufunctions.d. dysfunctions.Answer: aPage Reference: 18Skill: Conceptual63) Which of the following is the best example of a latent function of going to college?a. providing skills needed for later jobsb. keeping young people out of the labour force, which may not have jobs for them yetc. gaining the knowledge required to be an active and thoughtful citizend. giving young people experience living on their ownAnswer: bPage Reference: 18Skill: Applied64) Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society’s populationa. is functional for everyone.b. may not be functional for another category.c. is unlikely to change over time.d. may not be functional in the future.Answer: bPage Reference: 18Skill: Factual65) The main characteristic of the _____ approach is its view of society as orderly and stable.a. structural-functionalb. social-conflictc. social-interactiond. deviance and social control

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12Answer: aPage Reference: 17–18Skill: Factual66) Which of the following is an accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach?a. It ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict.b. It focuses too much on social dysfunction.c. It focuses too much on power divisions in society.d. It is a politically liberal view of society.Answer: aPage Reference: 18Skill: Factual67) The “framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflictand change” is thea. structural-functional approach.b. social-conflict approach.c. symbolic-interaction approach.d. feminist approach.Answer: bPage Reference: 18Skill: Conceptual68) The social-conflict approach draws attention toa. how elements contribute to the overall operation of society.b. how people construct meaning in their interactions.c. patterns of social inequality.d. the stable aspects of society.Answer: cPage Reference: 18Skill: Factual69) Looking at the operation of Canadian schools, the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist toconclude thata. the function of schools is to teach needed skills.b. the meaning of schooling varies from child to child.c. schools have been a major path to social advancement.d. tracking provides some students with far better schooling than others.Answer: dPage Reference: 18–19Skill: Applied70) Which of the following statements might be made by a sociologist using the gender-conflictapproach?a. Men and women share in the joys of family life.b. Men earn more than women in the workplace.c. Gender functions in an important way to keep society operating.d. The glass ceiling is a myth.Answer: bPage Reference: 19Skill: Applied71) Which woman helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also bytranslating the writings of Auguste Comte?a. Harriet Martineaub. Jane Addams

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13c. Elizabeth Cady Stantond. Dorothea DixAnswer: aPage Reference: 19Skill: Factual72) Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago’s Hull House to assist immigrants and was awardedthe Nobel Peace Prize?a. Jane Addamsb. Harriet Martineauc. W.E.B. Du Boisd. Herbert SpencerAnswer: aPage Reference: 19Skill: Factual73) Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society wasa. to understand how society really operates.b. to compare U.S. society to others.c. to foster support for a nation’s government.d. to bring about needed change.Answer: dPage Reference: 19Skill: Factual74) Which of the following early sociologists had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach?a. Karl Marxb. Talcott Parsonsc. Emile Durkheimd. Herbert SpencerAnswer: aPage Reference: 19Skill: Factual75) Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person ofcolour?a. Jane Addamsb. Harriet Martineauc. W.E.B. Du Boisd. Herbert SpencerAnswer: cPage Reference: 20Skill: Factual76) Which early U.S. sociologist studied the Black community and served as a founding member of theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?a. Jane Addamsb. Harriet Martineauc. W.E.B. Du Boisd. Herbert SpencerAnswer: cPage Reference: 20Skill: Factual

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1477) Which theoretical approach would highlight the fact that, on average, Aboriginal families have lessincome than White families?a. the race-conflict approachb. the gender-conflict approachc. the structural-functional approachd. the symbolic-interaction approachAnswer: aPage Reference: 20Skill: Conceptual78) Using the social-conflict approach, a sociologist might highlight which of the following?a. the standard of fairness all students receive in the public education systemb. the importance of gender roles in a well-ordered societyc. racial inequality in a company’s hiring and promotion practicesd. the positive function of inequality in the workplaceAnswer: dPage Reference: 18–19Skill: Applied79) W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during thetwentieth century.a. classb. racec. genderd. ethnicityAnswer: bPage Reference: 20Skill: Factual80) The social-conflict approach sometimes receives criticism fora. focusing on values that everyone shares.b. being openly political.c. promoting the status quo.d. condemning the free flow of ideas and information.Answer: bPage Reference: 20Skill: Factual81) The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad terms.a. structural-functional and social-conflictb. structural-functional and symbolic-interactionc. social-conflict and symbolic-interactiond. social conflict and social controlAnswer: aPage Reference: 17–20Skill: Conceptual82) Which of the following examples illustrates a micro-level focus?a. the operation of the U.S. economyb. patterns of global terrorismc. two people on an airplane getting to know one anotherd. class inequality in the armed forcesAnswer: cPage Reference: 20–21Skill: Applied

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