[1] FAR=H @ 0° exposed hours Deaths per person per year | N (4 (22 she) ( 4 deaths Shs year Tos nS -5 = 3.3x10 deths/ person-yeny Eo BE ET [ Three process vittg — FAR's: 05,03 10 ) Assuming 2xposute to all three units Net FAR = ¥ TARS = 0.54 03+ ,0= [8 By 30% SX tive, 0 ares. 1 wily FAR 0.5 Ho % Ww n n uw a 0 " 0:3 uo% $i le Sel Ey i 1.0 Net FAR = (0.2)(08)+ (0.4)(0.3) + (04)(1.6) = - [3 From Toble +d FAR rravelling by cox = 57 desths/ 10? exposed hpurs 2 o¢ | deoth pec & = 175 x 10° hours 5 we (75% 10° hours) (BE) = 87.5 illion miles Ci-) 3 Ir - ol in i le NEAR Re on REE Downloaded from StudyXY.com ® + StudyXY Sd Ye. o> \ | iF ’ pr E \ 3 S Stu dy Anything This ContentHas been Posted On StudyXY.com as supplementary learning material. StudyXY does not endrose any university, college or publisher. Allmaterials posted are under the liability of the contributors. wv 8) www.studyxy.com Nocenal working hours are approximately 3000 haus per yenr, For Bog years) we. have, (500 yeoes)( 2x) = [x 10° hours We, won ossume. |. death every 0* eyposed hours, Buf FARS axe based on 108 exposed hoofs, This means ; wo? ioe = 100 deaths pes 10% hours J, FAR=(CO The workers should be alarmed! For an avecoqe cremcol plant Fars y deaths (10% hrs Death pac year = (3000 hea)( 4 deaths \ _ -5 ?ROy 5 (Age) = x0 < ote ei Yeoxs per decth = 0° = 13,500 Crar®S should be | in 12,500 years of expasure, Total working hours pax: yedy 2000 h Lp = (i500 worker) (3505155) 7 3x10] hes As e, jeay = ANE 5 deaths Death per (Brio (C4 Tes = 545 deaths ’ A death can be expected every 60:6 years, Cl 9 FAR oF rock climbing = Hood FAR of Hovelling by cox = 57 4000 ) Sa. © 70.2 hes Aravel by cox a) Inrriation - cutting nfo 10-inch propone, line Propagation - leakage of propane ~ Qormoaion of vapor cloud = ignition of vapor cloud - destruction of fie pump equipmest Termination - blocking in & +he propane bo) TR Fiation - improper closing & valve, ot cleaning & strainec with ; escape butane Propogation — iggdion of vapor cloud & copturing oF pipeline - Salling of Fractionation Tower ond breaking of pipeline. Tecwination ~ \sola¥ion of fuel source, : cl=- 1 | Arline, industry has fewest deaths per passenger mile, bil doe To high rate of speed of the owcraft, many miles ore occumulafed. From Table "4, FAR for; Cox - 57 Bieyele — 6 Aw - 340 Thos on a pec hour basis Travelling boy plave 1s almost 5 +imes move dangerous FRE “rrovelling by: car, a To compute the F AR we need he, total hours exposed. This would fequire, on avexoqe speed. Suppose, he average speed 1S 300 MPH, ; Total hoors exposed = (ox 10° miles 200 mi/hr = 30000 rs Laie ® pre FRR = Er = 8000 which is larger than the, AHO reported in Table |-H. Gil = 3 A Sotality rote would require, the total robber &f passengers in the 107 miles, Suppose. eodh {rip awroaged 300 miles, Total possenaers = 10 mks he 300 wi [person 33,333 possenges ; i y L Fatality rate = 335 = hax 10") which 15 high ci - 6 [19a university had about 1200 full-time employees. In a particular year, this university had a total of 38 reportable lost time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Compute the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries and lost workdays. Solution, . g H [3 AswA ngery rake = Me 9f lauren WX #00, 000 hrs 28g Total hours Wevwed 553 {88 Totol Wburs wore? « = (1200 employes ( 2000 hours Q am Ployes A * LY R10 Wouvs OspA jong vate = ( DB junes bl 200,000 ours) » 2.4 x 10 Wows = 3.7 (» © sH4 Lest A 3 - ( 274 Lest Werwdes (z= ©00 Wau) 2.4 x wot = 22.8 i : | ci —6 210 | Based om I werwplace Jatetitiee (# pee EER On a Shera Ade -~v a ves Pen pilin hy « oc fury pe vem oF [SN © yo gdm, what UE) EXT op eriye H Solukiem 3 You comnt obey dedncala us Jo of wore Fiama ~ eens por bekiom 2st , 7 va LSS Vista wre, 1 — qu pm and sede, , 3 ARS Fev 0° hm orpesiien wns 30 m= Tree wn Fp esis, Fives —~—a explosions, Mowvvew, . ont [VN Arve Ameve efferr © ecewmsa Pe Sime Foe ov expla vim cand Sa a cabeedn gba event fem Cnyvdes amd foteritiay [OR Sa Comeag by Gur rele ff ed Crm pre hen d Rema | ans th. Cl-17 [ N-\\ | Meese d oo Ame Cavite of Ewa Versest losses , Fu 4" =, whek weld qos Snes aad - se fer, progr ? SolutT en: Base 4 a bY neoa Sha AT ok =, [RY Vs Vv or wet epi s reeds +o Se gow 4 Area co ang poo en de Vigo od Yo wpersdne RCmiaiam Adrbenlly ak shee be ve coqmize 2 POY np ekTyel ) pa oA acc den A> wa Wham edety Ave vesull ~§ peepee om steamy ane ateee, Des - —- & Treimn “1 reqs a PSY ak SET offer , Neceuss POAT eves PN we IN ey PCR 27 Ps 7 o prope ~~ © evelde nto yo Clas. Fy i anal ALI [ad > [AR] + StudyXxy Are veviawimg re mgm avs 3 prod lams Vilp amd =H, sen vahered sefeyy hep? Solution: Celery Amr cemcepts 98 Amialanin die Subs¥ih bem pnodereli om, and Blampw fi cede € om one mye packs oo pred Se f- bo Fede iom en d SimepV fremkiom ove covcapbt Evel cen be procticade Ew von ew La We eycle of . Phen ¥ The [2 eept ° id Revpiomn Tk Simple shomll be applied ke Amsdcochie devi gm eamqes, kv eiam ~4, Crmamians Cokie, eke C\-9 + StudyXY BY Winey CPN Sie, cn youn devive fo 3 R Frquve 1-9. Solutiom Qa 5 twe THEY \osven ava Sree 5 er aa va Awembas awd della maga dude Addin ovn Ps (Fm diated RE 23 Io be «ffacs: wi i> the \enk Tva - “1 ng emits fret qs Pernod vetslbe e-v <hin Sighee knem on kw vase peas de 087 Thame , Se ameed Ld mere Ew wed chee due Yrami, a ppt) A PON fe at monn, ow Cveank ian dusty, el Trsiaminy Te med mesg, — ow weve by Fea A aed she Sewer LeVteve 3hmek we ecm buve thee megabive dvemts presse RIEL EY eo univers by tovrsss | odd ove treiz im . 3 wikia otic , TE agqueire Win level sop pet Va wemiversibiey an @ wéusdviay bu Yewen Lua pertent cracepe of AE ERA SE RIN sofedy. Ci-10 + StudyXxy [1am is the worst thing that could happen to you as a chemical engineer in industry? Solution: Most people would probably agree that the worst thing that could happen to you as a chemical engineer is to be responsible for the death of a fellow employee or friend. A Hd typical response from some students might be that the worst ig thing that could happen to them is to make a mistake in a he calculation! This is most likely due to the calculational 138 nature of the ChE curriculum. 53 thE 0) {1s]an explosion has ogcyrred in your plant and en employee has been killed. An investigation showed that the accident was the fault of the dead employee who manually charged the wrong ingredient to a reactor vessel. What is the appropriate response from the following groups? a. the other employees who work in the process area affected b. the other employees elsewhere in the plant site ¢. middle management d. - upper management e. the president of the company f. the union Solution’ Our society is much too hung-up on finding fault. The problem this creates is that once the "guilty party" has been identified, many people believe the problem has been solved. The most appropriate response from all groups is to ask the question "What can we do to prevent this accident from occurring again in the future?" and then work together to { achieve this objective. Thus, the following activities might be initiated by the indicated groups: Employees in process area affected: redesign work situation to, reduce human error design interlocks to prevent problem . look elsewhere for similar problems Cl-1 } \ Employees elsewhere at plant site: look at process to identify similar problems Management: employee training program safety audits invoke hazard identification methods improve management systems Union: poe review employee and management performance to insure gad that corrections are implemented and are actually F333 working 3 288 insuring that employees understand the nature of the fice problem are have the correct attitude to work 38 towards its solution ddd 1-16 [¥ou have just begun work at a chemical plant. After several weeks on the job you determine that a) the plant manager runs the plant with an iron fist. He is a few years away from retirement after working his way up from the very bottom. b) a number of unsafe practices are performed at the plant, including some that could lead to catastrophic results. You bring up these problems to your immediate supervisor but he decides to do nothing in fear that the plant manager will be upset. After all, he says, “Weve operated this plant for forty years without an accident.” What would you do in this situation? Solution; Some possible responses are: Quit job and look for employment elsewhere Go over immediate supervisor directly to plant manager Send anonymous letter to OSHA detailing problems Secretly work with other plant people to solve problems Amass technical information to convince supervisor that you are correct and problems must be corrected The last response is probably the "best" way to handle the problem, at least in the short term. You might consider developing a few "quick fixes" for existing safety problems that can be done easily and with minimal cost to build up confidence with your supervisor. A Ci~ 12 . aie ‘2h SE, i i a. You walk into a store and after a short while you decide to leave, preferring not to do i any business there. What did you observe to make you leave? What conclusions might you reach about the attitudes of the people who manage and operate this store? b. You walk into a chemical plant and after a short while you decide to leave, fearing that ee the plant might explode at any moment. What did you observe to make you leave? Iz What conclusions might you reach about the attitudes of the people who manage and 28 operate this chemical plant? 53 | da a, Comment on the similarities of parts a and b. i ; 0) SowuTion } a. You might observe that the store is a mess or the employees are not providing the correct service. In any case, you decide that the people who manage or operate the store simply do not care. If they cared about their store then it would be operated efficiently and cleanly with salespeople with the correct attitude. ~ b. You might observe that the chemical plant is a mess, proper safety procedures are lacking, or the employees do not have the correct attitude with respect to safety. In ) any case, you decide that the people who manage or operate the chemical plant simply do not care. If they cared about the plant then it would be operated efficiently and safely with employees who have the correct attitude. Both cases are amazingly similar. The essential ingredient, however, is that the people who manage and operate the plant must care. Furthermore, in order for the employees to care, the management must care. In order for management to care, the president must also care. e\-13 — ee ————————————————————————— Without the high level alarm, the operator was required to pay attention to the tank level as the tank was filled. However, once the high level alarm was installed the operator decided that he or she could rely on the alarm to alert him or her when the tank was filled. The reliability of the high level alarm was less than the reliability of the operator manually filling the tank. Thus, the number of overfills increased. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————— If you pronounce “J1001” and “JA1001” they both sound the same. Thus, when the operator was told to prepare JA1001, he heard J1001 since they sound the same. Equipment must be clearly identified, even with respect to pronunciation. ——————— ee ———————————————————— k The bolts should be loosened, but not removed. Then the cover plate is pried up to loosen it. If liquid comes out the bolts can be re-tightened to stop the flow. A simple change in this procedure has a clear impact on safety. cl~Y ees me a SOE UY NT WO e113 I RE Sm A es os 2 re, Ton 0 en eamed | The liquid level in a tank 10 meters in height is determined by measuring the pressure at the bottom of the tank. The level gauge was calibrated to work with a liquid having a % specific gravity of 0.9. If the usual liquid is replaced with a new liquid with a specific gravity of 0.8, will the tank be overfilled or underfilled? If the actual liquid level is 8 meters, what is the reading on the level gauge? Is it possible that the tank will overflow without the level gauge indicating the situation? SowaTion $ : IN The force at the bottom of the tank is given by F=n (&) F 9g. c, Ci-15 + StudyXxy