Solution Manual for Essentials of Sociology A Down-To-Earth Approach, 13th Edition

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Test Bank
For
Essentials of Sociology
Thirteenth Edition
James M. Henslin
Prepared by
Joyce D. Meyer, JCSW, former instructor of sociology, Social Sciences
and Human Services Department, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois

iii
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective 1
Chapter 2 Culture 19
Chapter 3 Socialization 38
Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction 56
Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations 74
Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control 93
Chapter 7 Global Stratification 112
Chapter 8 Social Class in the United States 130
Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity 149
Chapter 10 Gender and Age 168
Chapter 11 Politics and the Economy 186
Chapter 12 Marriage and Family 204
Chapter 13 Education and Religion 223
Chapter 14 Population and Urbanization 242
Chapter 15 Social Change and the Environment 261

1
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Multiple-Choice Questions
TB_Q1.1.1
The __________ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live.
a. societal
b. sociological
c. natural sciences
d. ethnocentric
Answer: b. sociological
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential
for the sociological perspective.
Topic/Concept: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.2.2
__________ is the study of society and human behavior.
a. Positivism
b. Science
c. Psychology
d. Sociology
Answer: d. Sociology
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.2.3
__________ is credited as being the founder of sociology.
a. Auguste Comte
b. W. E. B. Du Bois
c. Karl Marx
d. Jane Addams
Answer: a. Auguste Comte
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

2
TB_Q1.2.4
Ben is a sociologist applying the scientific method to the social world. Even though
his methods are more modern, as a sociologist he knows that studying the social
world in this way originated with __________.
a. Auguste Rodin
b. Auguste Comte
c. Emile Weber
d. Emile Durkheim
Answer: b. Auguste Comte
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q1.2.5
The __________ uses objective, systematic observations to test theories.
a. naturalistic method
b. commonsense method
c. scientific method
d. research-free technique
Answer: c. scientific method
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.2.6
Karl Marx believed that __________ was the most relevant factor in history.
a. democracy
b. communism
c. reconciliation
d. class conflict
Answer: d. class conflict
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3
TB_Q1.2.7
Durkheim’s concept of __________ refers to how much people are tied to their
social groups.
a. social integration
b. revolution
c. conflict theory
d. religion
Answer: a. social integration
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.2.8
As Durkheim was able to do when he studied suicide, sociologists can __________.
a. prove prior research has been inaccurate
b. predict what is likely to happen based on their research
c. insist on a tenured professorship
d. question authority
Answer: b. predict what is likely to happen based on their research
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.2.9
According to Max Weber, the key factor in society is __________.
a. economics
b. politics
c. religion
d. tradition
Answer: c. religion
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max
Weber.
Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.3.10
When did sociology first take root in the United States?

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4
a. the middle of the eighteenth century
b. the late nineteenth century
c. the middle of the twentieth century
d. the early twenty-first century
Answer: b. the late nineteenth century
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.3.11
Why do women not figure more prominently among early sociologists?
a. There were no early female sociologists.
b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academic
positions decided that women engaged in social reform were not legitimate
sociologists.
c. In no field has sexism been more evident than in sociology.
d. The field of sociology seemed neither rigorous enough nor relevant enough to
attract women.
Answer: b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in
academic positions decided that women engaged in social reform were not
legitimate sociologists.
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.3.12
The work of W. E. B. Du Bois, an African American, __________.
a. was recognized as an important part of the foundations of sociology from the
earliest times
b. has been completely ignored until the present
c. was rejected by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP)
d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologists
Answer: d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologists
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Difficult

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Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.3.13
W. E. B. Du Bois __________.
a. was primarily a novelist
b. collected and interpreted the work of others rather than making original
contributions
c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghana
d. had the good fortune to grow up in an era virtually free of racism
Answer: c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghana
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.3.14
Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams __________.
a. fought against the American Civil Liberties Union
b. won the Nobel Peace Prize
c. married W. E. B. Du Bois
d. never joined the American Sociological Society
Answer: b. won the Nobel Peace Prize
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.3.15
Talcott Parsons was influential in __________.
a. shifting sociology from reform to theory
b. warning Americans about the power elite
c. developing concrete models for social change
d. shifting sociology from theory to reform
Answer: a. shifting sociology from reform to theory
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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6
TB_Q1.3.16
Perhaps ahead of the times, __________ warned of the dangers of the coalescing
interests of the top leaders of business, politics, and the military.
a. Talcott Parsons
b. Ernest Burgess
c. Jane Addams
d. C. Wright Mills
Answer: d. C. Wright Mills
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.3.17
Who is the audience for basic sociology?
a. only those who deal with the most intimate policy matters
b. only those who deal with the most intricate policy questions
c. anyone and everyone
d. natural scientists as opposed to social scientists
Answer: c. anyone and everyone
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.3.18
Pure sociologists analyze some aspect of society to __________.
a. make changes in the world
b. gain knowledge for its own sake
c. solve problems for the betterment of society
d. get grants for their departments
Answer: b. gain knowledge for its own sake
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.3.19
__________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the public good.

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a. Basic sociology
b. Experimental sociology
c. Classical sociology
d. Public sociology
Answer: d. Public sociology
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,
and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.
Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.4.20
In __________, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world and
communicate with each other.
a. functional analysis
b. symbolic interactionism
c. conflict theory
d. order theory
Answer: b. symbolic interactionism
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.4.21
Applying symbolic interactionism, as divorce became more common, divorce
became __________.
a. more stigmatized
b. a symbol of failure
c. associated with new beginnings
d. a symbol of success
Answer: c. associated with new beginnings
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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TB_Q1.4.22
Charles was studying symbolic interactionism in his sociology class. Charles was
surprised to find that sociologists who take this viewpoint think that having love as
the central reason for people to get married __________.
a. prevents spouses from blaming each other
b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriage
c. makes divorce all but impossible
d. actually may cause a strengthening of the marriage
Answer: b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriage
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q1.4.23
Robert Merton would say negative results of people’s actions are __________.
a. functions
b. dysfunctions
c. latent functions
d. balancing functions
Answer: b. dysfunctions
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.4.24
__________ operates at the microsociological level.
a. Symbolic interactionism
b. Functional analysis
c. Anthropology
d. Conflict theory
Answer: a. Symbolic interactionism
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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9
TB_Q1.4.25
In __________, the focus is on the struggle for scarce resources by different groups
in society.
a. functional analysis
b. classical sociology
c. conflict theory
d. symbolic interactionism
Answer: c. conflict theory
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,
functional analysis, and conflict theory.
Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.5.26
Common sense __________.
a. is never true
b. has always been false
c. may or may not be true
d. has finally caught up with sociology
Answer: c. may or may not be true
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain why common sense can’t replace sociological
research.
Topic/Concept: Doing Sociological Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.6.27
What is the first step in the research model?
a. reviewing the literature
b. sharing the results
c. beginning the case study
d. choosing the subject matter
Answer: d. choosing the subject matter
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.
Topic/Concept: A Research Model
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.6.28
A(n) __________ predicts a relationship between or among variables.
a. research design

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b. literature review
c. hypothesis
d. aggregate
Answer: c. hypothesis
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.
Topic/Concept: A Research Model
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.6.29
Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She had
collected a ton of data. What was Sharon’s next step?
a. Analyze the results.
b. Generate more hypotheses.
c. Select another topic.
d. Share the results.
Answer: a. Analyze the results.
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.
Topic/Concept: A Research Model
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q1.6.30
__________ is a precise way to measure a variable.
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. The hypothesis
d. An operational definition
Answer: d. An operational definition
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.
Topic/Concept: A Research Model
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.7.31
Which of the following is a research method?
a. ensuring validity
b. operationalizing the definition
c. divining an answer
d. using unobtrusive measures
Answer: d. using unobtrusive measures

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Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q1.7.32
__________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is
intended to measure.
a. A variable
b. Validity
c. Hypothesis
d. Reliability
Answer: b. Validity
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.7.33
Reliability refers to __________.
a. consistency of results
b. secondary analysis
c. how close the data we gathered comes to proving what we want to prove
d. the way in which a researcher measures a variable
Answer: a. consistency of results
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.7.34
The __________ is made up of people who are in the portion of the population
being studied.
a. sample
b. control group
c. respondent
d. average
Answer: a. sample

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Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.7.35
When you select a sample for a sociological study, your aim is to get __________.
a. everyone in the population
b. your friends to be the sample
c. a representative sample
d. a different individual to answer each item on the questionnaire
Answer: c. a representative sample
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.7.36
In a __________, everyone in the target population has the same chance of being
included in the study.
a. stratified random sample
b. random sample
c. sample of any sort
d. survey
Answer: b. random sample
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.7.37
__________ are the people who respond to a survey.
a. Researchers
b. Respondents
c. Interviewers
d. Populations
Answer: b. Respondents
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.

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Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q1.7.38
Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?
a. Should public officials who accept bribes be jailed?
b. In your opinion, should public officials who accept bribes be required to perform
community service?
c. Should public officials who have been convicted for accepting bribes be
registered in a public list in the same manner that sex offenders are registered?
d. What do you think should be done to a public official who accepts bribes?
Answer: d. What do you think should be done to a public official who accepts
bribes?
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q1.7.39
To get people to answer in their own words, interviewers often use __________
questions.
a. structured
b. controlled
c. open-ended
d. closed-ended
Answer: c. open-ended
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven research
methods.
Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q1.7.40
Survey questions that provide options for answers are considered __________.
a. closed-ended questions
b. unstructured
c. open-ended questions
d. unfair
Answer: a. closed-ended questions

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