Test Bank for Access To Health, 15th Edition

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Get ahead in your studies with Test Bank for Access To Health, 15th Edition, featuring exam-focused questions and solutions.

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Access to Health, 15e (Donatelle)
Chapter 1 Accessing Your Health
1) Which of the following individual choices has a major effect on both current health and
projected life expectancy?
A) Genetic tendency toward obesity
B) Pollution
C) Level of education
D) Tobacco use
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
2) The medical model of health would most likely focus on which of the following?
A) Controlling air and water pollution
B) Lifestyle interventions to prevent chronic diseases
C) Treating bacterial infections with antibiotics
D) Serving marginalized populations
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
3) The number of years of life remaining to a person at a given age is
A) life expectancy.
B) longevity.
C) mortality.
D) morbidity.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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4) Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as the top two
impediments to performing well academically?
A) Pressure from parents and relationship difficulties
B) Stress and anxiety
C) Repeated infections and financial concerns
D) Depression and carrying a too-heavy course load
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
5) What is the leading cause of death in the United States across all age groups?
A) Heart disease
B) Cancer
C) Cerebrovascular disease
D) Unintentional injuries
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
6) Which of the following describes the rate of deaths to population?
A) Prevalence
B) Life expectancy
C) Mortality
D) Morbidity
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
7) Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are examples of
A) chronic disease.
B) hereditary disease.
C) communicable disease.
D) acute disease.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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8) Since the early twentieth century, the life expectancy of Americans has
A) increased by more than 10 years.
B) increased by more than 20 years.
C) increased by more than 30 years.
D) increased by more than 40 years.
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
9) Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years a person can expect to live
A) while covered by Medicare.
B) without chronic pain, disability, or significant illness.
C) without pain, functional limitations, or illness.
D) without cancer or diabetes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
10) Life expectancy 100 years ago was largely determined by
A) medical history.
B) lifestyle choices.
C) susceptibility to chronic disease.
D) susceptibility to infectious disease.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
11) The term health is often interchangeable with the term
A) adaptability.
B) flexibility.
C) wellness.
D) freedom from pain.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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12) Jerome eats healthy foods, exercises regularly, gets eight hours of sleep each night, and
rarely becomes ill. His ability to ward off illness exemplifies which dimension of health?
A) Social
B) Intellectual
C) Physical
D) Emotional
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
13) Jasmine has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship
with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others exemplifies which dimension of health?
A) Social
B) Intellectual
C) Emotional
D) Physical
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
14) Rashid volunteers weekly to help pick up trash in his neighborhood. This action MOST
exemplifies which dimension of his health?
A) Intellectual
B) Social
C) Environmental
D) Emotional
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
15) Which of the following best describes emotional health?
A) Ability to be self-sufficient
B) Ability to solve problems
C) Ability to express or control feelings
D) Ability to adapt to various social situations
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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16) An example of intellectual health is
A) having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life.
B) successfully interacting with others.
C) having low self-efficacy.
D) having a thirst for knowledge about life in general.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
17) Which of the following best describes spiritual health?
A) Possessing and expressing a purpose in life
B) Expressing emotions
C) Having satisfying relationships
D) Being able to reason and think objectively
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
18) A concept that focuses on the impact of health on physical, mental, emotional, and social
function is
A) physical and emotional health.
B) holistic health.
C) health-related quality of life.
D) healthy life expectancy.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
19) The first step in making health-related behavior change is to
A) review your medical records and schedule a physical examination by a doctor.
B) become aware of aspects of your biology and individual behaviors that are influencing your
health.
C) complete a detailed behavior change contract.
D) find a reliable support person or support group.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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20) Holistic wellness involves
A) integrating mind, body, and spirit.
B) taking nutritional supplements daily.
C) combining physical fitness activities with some form of meditation.
D) integrating spiritual and environmental health.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
21) The range of factors that influence a person's health status are known as
A) ethnic or cultural traditions.
B) determinants of health.
C) disparities of health.
D) genetic influences on health.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
22) Determinants of health include
A) personal, social, economic, and environmental factors.
B) physical, intellectual, spiritual, and cultural factors.
C) nutritional, social, financial, and environmental factors.
D) genetic and lifestyle factors.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
23) Which of the following methods is an example of successful lifestyle change?
A) Making a New Year's resolution to stop smoking again after failing in the past
B) Creating a demanding workout plan in hopes of someday losing weight
C) Beginning a daily walking program and gradually increasing your time and distance
D) Stopping smoking "cold turkey"
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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24) Jackson made a goal to quit smoking by the end of the year. Through a lot of hard work and
willpower, he achieved this goal, then bought himself a new car. This is an example of
A) repeated enabling.
B) social reinforcement.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) negative reinforcement.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
25) Moving from thinking about starting an exercise program to joining a club, working with a
trainer to set goals, and showing up for workouts is an example of which model of behavior
change?
A) Health belief model
B) Social cognitive model
C) Transtheoretical model
D) Contemplation model
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
26) Tasks that are necessary for normal functioning in society are known as
A) activities of daily living.
B) high-level tasks.
C) low-level tasks.
D) vocational activities.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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27) Mark is a junior in college and plans to move to his own apartment before his senior year. He
hopes to quit drinking, get more sleep, and spend more time exercising and studying instead of
spending so much of his free time on social media. The best plan for Mark to succeed is for him
to
A) make a chart with an algorithm for coordinating all the changes.
B) try to change all of his poor behaviors at once.
C) select the most important behavior to change and take things one step at a time.
D) worry about changing behaviors later because he'll have plenty of time to change after he
finishes college.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
28) Which of the following factors would be considered a nonmodifiable determinant of health?
A) Sexual behavior
B) Sleep habits
C) Geographic location
D) Genetics
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
29) Which of the following is an example of a belief?
A) Disliking the smell of cigarette smoke
B) Thinking that your high sugar consumption might cause you to develop diabetes
C) Being happy no one in your circle of friends drinks alcohol
D) Understanding that teen pregnancy rates are declining
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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30) Marissa has tried to quit smoking several times but ultimately failed because she lost
motivation and didn't believe she could succeed. Which of the following is MOST likely to have
contributed to her failure?
A) A strong internal locus of control
B) High self-efficacy
C) A strong external locus of control
D) A strong, positive support group
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
31) Because both of John's parents are obese, John has a higher-than-average chance of
becoming obese. This is an example of
A) a reinforcing factor.
B) a predisposing factor.
C) a confirming factor.
D) an enabling factor.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
32) Which of the following best describes an enabling factor?
A) Living near a hiking trail when you have just begun a walking program
B) Nagging your parents because they smoke
C) Encouraging your spouse to go to the fitness club with you
D) Having friends who don't exercise, but you want to start a fitness program
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
33) Poor housing, lack of funds for adequate food and clothes, and insecure employment are
which type of factors that negatively affect human health?
A) Biological
B) Economic
C) Behavioral
D) Genetic
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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34) Carrie grew up in an active family. Now that Carrie lives on her own, her family continues to
check in to see if she is making time for exercise. They praise her for joining a fitness club and
keeping to a workout schedule. This is an example of
A) a predisposing factor.
B) a confirming factor.
C) a reinforcing factor.
D) an enabling factor.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
35) Which model explains why a young woman who smokes is NOT likely to quit because she
does not think she will get lung disease, and quitting will result in weight gain?
A) Health belief model
B) Social cognitive model
C) Transtheoretical model
D) Behavior change model
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
36) Maria's husband has agreed to join her in an exercise program, and they live near a local park
with trails. These factors are key to which model of health?
A) Health belief model
B) Social cognitive model
C) Transtheoretical model
D) Behavior change model
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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37) Passage of the 2010 Affordable Care Act is an example of which type of determinant of
health?
A) Social factors
B) Policymaking
C) Biology and genetics
D) Individual behavior
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
38) Which of the following activities exemplifies disease prevention?
A) Vaccination
B) Setting a wrist fracture in a cast
C) A chest x-ray in a patient with a persistent cough
D) A routine assessment of memory in residents of an assisted living facility
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
39) Setting achievable and incremental goals and rewarding yourself for progress are proven tips
for maintaining
A) ongoing support from others.
B) motivation for behavior change.
C) an outstanding academic record.
D) a lower body-mass index.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
40) Selective smoking bans and child motor-vehicle restraint laws are examples of
A) publicity campaigns.
B) public policies.
C) profiling.
D) public health research.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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41) The perceived source or cause (internal or external) of events in a person's life is known as
his or her
A) locus of control.
B) ability to reason.
C) stage of behavior change.
D) sense of victimization versus empowerment.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
42) Jules is trying to lose weight. When she craves a sugary coffee mocha from her favorite café,
she allows herself a coffee with milk and her favorite alternative sweetener. The tactic she is
using to avoid consuming more calories is
A) rewarding.
B) manipulating.
C) negotiating.
D) countering.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
43) An example of shaping is
A) starting with small changes in behavior and gradually increasing the changes.
B) using specific exercises to mold your body to a desired image.
C) trying to influence your younger brother's behavior with rewards.
D) watching a friend's behavior and then trying to mimic him or her.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
44) Using rational, positive statements and deliberately blocking negative thoughts are ways to
avoid negative
A) influences.
B) cognition.
C) self-talk.
D) awareness.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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45) Visualizing yourself successfully losing 15 pounds by choosing healthy foods at your
favorite restaurant is an example of
A) situational inducement.
B) planned control.
C) imagined rehearsal.
D) modeling.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
46) Rewarding yourself for reaching your weight loss goal with a trip to Hawaii is an example of
which type of reinforcer?
A) Activity
B) Possessional
C) Manipulative
D) Social
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
47) Observing a friend's success at quitting smoking has helped you to quit a few months later,
which demonstrates the process of
A) copying.
B) shaping.
C) mirroring.
D) modeling.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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48) Carlos wants to avoid overeating and eating unhealthy food. Because of this, he may decline
invitations when his friends ask him to join them at a fast food restaurant. Which method is
Carlos using to control the risk of overeating?
A) Modeling
B) Imagined rehearsal
C) Consumable reinforcer
D) Situational inducement
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
49) Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal?
A) I will lose a lot of weight.
B) I will lose 1 pound a week over the next four weeks by exercising and not eating after 8:00
p.m.
C) I will lose 10 pounds within a month after I start exercising.
D) I will lose 10 pounds if I start exercising and stop eating after 8:00 p.m.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
50) Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers serve as which type of reinforcer?
A) Possessional
B) Manipulative
C) Social
D) Activity
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
51) Behavior is a nonmodifiable determinant.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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52) Health disparities are differences in the levels of health and disease among specific
population groups, such as the low-income or uninsured.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
53) More people across all age groups die from cancer than any other chronic disease.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
54) Daily choices influence an individual's health status and well-being.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
55) The medical model of health focuses on the individual's reaction to his or her social and
physical environment.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
56) In the early 1900s, the ecological model or public health model became a major focus of
health investigation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
57) Effectively controlling anger demonstrates intellectual health.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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58) The primary goal of the 2010 Affordable Care Act is to increase access to affordable health
care for all Americans.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
59) Healthy People 2020 acknowledges the importance of increasing not only years of life but
quality of life.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
60) According to morbidity and mortality statistics, in the twenty-first century, a person is more
likely to die from an infectious disease than from a chronic disease.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
61) Tran is a 47-year-old-male who suffered a knee injury in high school while playing football.
This injury is a biological determinant of health.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
62) The average life expectancy for an American child born in 2014 is 78.8 years.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
63) Obesity creates a multi-billion dollar burden on the overall U.S. economy.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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64) Some day, innovations in the field of epigenetics might help us gain a measure of control
over our genetic inheritance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
65) Under the Affordable Care Act, health insurance plans are not allowed to impose
deductibles.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
66) More Americans now die of drug overdoses than are killed in motor vehicle accidents.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
67) Today, the concept of adaptability is a key element in the overall understanding of health.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
68) Believing that, with training, you will be able to run two miles without stopping by the end
of the semester demonstrates self-efficacy.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
69) Enhancing an individual's health-related attitudes, knowledge, and skills is a key goal of
health promotion activities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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70) Learning communication and relationship skills can enhance the social dimension of health.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
71) Having high self-esteem always improves the intellectual dimension of health.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
72) Losing your temper because someone said something that made you angry demonstrates an
external locus of control.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
73) Developing better problem-solving and decision-making skills most powerfully enhances the
emotional dimension of health.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
74) Positive reinforcers are punishments for not accomplishing goals.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
75) Actions taken or changes in behavior designed to treat an existing illness are part of disease
prevention.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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76) Spiritual health encompasses more than simply religious beliefs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
77) Attaining the optimal level of health possible for your unique limitations and strengths is
known as wellness.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
78) Adolescents having access to cigarette vending machines is an example of a positive
reinforcing factor that can influence smoking behavior.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
79) Healthy People 2020 is the Surgeon General's health promotion plan to improve the quality
of life and years of life for all Americans.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
80) Global warming, decreased water supplies, and toxic chemicals are serious health threats
with far-reaching effects worldwide.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
81) Risk behaviors are those actions that increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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82) Under the Affordable Care Act, insurers are no longer allowed to deny coverage to people
with preexisting conditions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
83) A reinforcing factor in your weight loss program would be having your clothes fit better.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
84) Locus of control may be internal or external.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
85) Race and ethnicity have no impact on health disparities.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
86) A consumable reinforcer could be a healthy edible item that you enjoy.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
87) The three components of the social cognitive model of behavior change are thoughts,
behaviors, and genetics.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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88) When a person who wants to eat healthier and lose weight removes unhealthy foods from the
refrigerator and pantry, this is an example of situational inducement.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
89) Economic status and geographic location have very little influence on a person's health
status.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
90) Obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug abuse result in direct and
indirect costs to society.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
91) A bike path along a scenic river is an example of the built environment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
92) As a result of passage of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, all Americans now have health
insurance.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
93) Having no intention to change a harmful behavior is characteristic of the first step of the
transtheoretical model of behavior change.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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94) Skipping this morning's workout when you've committed to increasing your fitness is a good
example of relapse.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 5
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
95) Overambitious goals are a common barrier to change.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
96) List and briefly explain the six steps of the transtheoretical (stages of change) model of
behavior change.
Answer:
1. Precontemplation - no current intention to change.
2. Contemplation - recognizing there is a problem but not yet planning to change.
3. Preparation - coming up with a plan for change.
4. Action - taking real steps to achieve goals.
5. Maintenance - continues to make changes a permanent part of life.
6. Termination - new behavior has become part of daily living, so ongoing vigilance may not be
needed.
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
97) Explain the purpose of a behavior change contract and how it can help you make a positive
change.
Answer: A behavior change contract functions as a promise to yourself, a public declaration of
your intentions, an organized plan for change, a way to identify barriers to change and determine
how to overcome them, a list of sources of support, and a reminder of the benefits of sticking to
your plan.
Diff: 5
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Evaluating/Creating

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23
98) Compare and contrast the medical model and public health models of health.
Answer: The medical model focuses on the individual, his or her tissues and organs, and the
diagnosis and treatment of disease. The public health model (also known as the ecological
model) views diseases and negative health events as resulting from an individual interacting with
his or her social and physical environment.
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
99) Explain the nature of SMART goals.
Answer: SMART goals are:
Specific - with a defined outcome
Measurable - can be objectively observed and measured
Action-oriented - involve specific tasks or actions
Realistic - are likely to be accomplished
Time-oriented - involve the commitment of a specific amount of time
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
100) Identify the five groups of determinants of health and provide two examples of factors
within each grouping.
Answer: The five groups of determinants of health are: individual behavior, biology and
genetics, social factors, access to quality health services, and policymaking. Examples within
each grouping will vary.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
101) What is self-efficacy, and why is it important in making a behavior change?
Answer: Self-efficacy is an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task
successfully and of achieving specific goals. If an individual approaches a behavior change with
a high level of self-efficacy, his or her chances of success will be much greater.
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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24
102) Differentiate between the health belief model, social cognitive model, and transtheoretical
(stages of change) model of behavior change.
Answer:
1. The health belief model addresses three factors that must exist before a person can make a
change: the perceived seriousness of the potential health problem; the perceived susceptibility to
the problem, and cues to action, alerts or reminders to take preventive action.
2. The social cognitive model is based on the concept that three elements interact to motivate and
enable change: a person's thoughts, behaviors, and the social environment.
3. The transtheoretical model views change in six stages: precontemplation, contemplation,
preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
103) List at least three common barriers to behavior change.
Answer: Any three of the following:
Setting overambitious goals
Holding on to self-defeating beliefs and attitudes
Not accurately assessing your current state of wellness or fitness
Not having adequate support or guidance
Allowing negative emotions to sabotage your efforts
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
104) Define self-talk and explain how you can use it to help your efforts toward change.
Answer: Self-talk is your usual manner of thinking and talking to yourself (the voice in your
head) that can affect your self-image and behavior. Deliberately changing your self-talk can
positively influence your behavior change. Try:
Using rational, positive statements
Blocking or stopping negative thoughts when they occur
Not dwelling on negative thoughts or images and focusing on more positive, uplifting, and
encouraging thoughts
Diff: 4
Chapter/Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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1
Access to Health, 15e (Donatelle)
Chapter 2 Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological Health
1) The term psychological health encompasses which four dimensions of health?
A) Mental, physical, social, and environmental
B) Mental, emotional, physical, and environmental
C) Mental, physical, environmental, and spiritual
D) Mental, emotional, social, and spiritual
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
2) People who feel good about themselves, deal effectively with life's challenges, and have
positive social relationships are known as
A) codependent.
B) self-compassionate.
C) psychologically healthy.
D) independent.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
3) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, an individual's
A) five levels of need are independent of each other.
B) basic survival needs must be met before he or she can address more complex needs.
C) basic survival needs are not related to his or her psychological health.
D) most basic needs are for shelter, safety, and protection.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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2
4) Lana is entering college in the fall. She will be living away from home for the first time and
will be responsible for managing her own schedule and finances. If Lana is psychologically
healthy, she will react to this situation by
A) feeling overwhelmed.
B) becoming more independent.
C) having uncontrolled anxiety.
D) seeking social acceptance.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
5) Which of the following dimensions of psychological health includes a person's attitudes,
beliefs, and problem-solving skills?
A) Mental health
B) Emotional health
C) Social health
D) Spiritual health
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
6) Intensified feelings or complex patterns of feelings that we experience on a regular basis are
known as
A) values.
B) emotions.
C) attitudes.
D) expressions.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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3
7) Jake's decision to phone his older brother to ask for advice about how to reduce his college
expenses best demonstrates
A) social health.
B) mental health.
C) physical health.
D) spiritual health.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
8) Self-actualization can best be described as a sense of
A) being safe and secure.
B) self-respect and accomplishment.
C) creativity and fulfillment of potential.
D) belonging and acceptance.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
9) The ability to listen, to express oneself, to act responsibly, and to form healthy attachments
with others are important aspects of
A) social health.
B) mental health.
C) physical health.
D) spiritual health.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
10) Whenever she has trouble getting motivated to work on the report she's writing about the
effects of climate change in her region, Amelia reminds herself of the meaning and purpose she
has chosen in life. This response BEST demonstrates
A) social health.
B) mental health.
C) physical health.
D) spiritual health.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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4
11) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of families in the
development of psychological health?
A) Family life has very little influence on psychological health since genetics plays a larger role.
B) Children of dysfunctional families cannot develop into psychologically healthy adults.
C) Children raised in a nurturing environment are guaranteed to be psychologically healthy as
adults.
D) A nurturing family fosters the development of psychological health, but it can be achieved
without it.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
12) A family situation in which there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; parental
discord; or other negative interactions
A) may psychologically damage family members.
B) forces children to develop independence.
C) teaches sound coping and problem-solving skills.
D) accelerates the development of self-efficacy.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
13) Extroversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience are
A) inherited traits.
B) personality traits.
C) culturally determined traits.
D) aspects of mental health.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding

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5
14) Max wants to get in better physical shape and lose 10 pounds. His belief about whether he
can successfully begin and maintain a fitness program is directly related to his level of
A) self-satisfaction.
B) self-mastery.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-efficacy.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
15) Successfully adapting to change, dealing with stress, and bouncing back from life's inevitable
disappointments demonstrates
A) social stability.
B) resiliency.
C) emotional stability.
D) confidence.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
16) In the last three years, Nathan has experienced a failed marriage, the loss of a job, and
bankruptcy. When he develops a serious health problem, he seems to have completely given up
and is making little effort to follow his doctor's instructions to get well. Nathan has developed a
pattern known as
A) learned helplessness.
B) learned optimism.
C) introversion.
D) extroversion.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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6
17) According to Maslow's hierarchy, human needs are ranked in the following ascending order.
A) Esteem, survival, social, security, self-actualization
B) Survival, security, social, esteem, self-actualization
C) Self-actualization, esteem, social, security, survival
D) Survival, social, security, esteem, self-actualization
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.1
Learning Outcome: 2.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
18) Which principle described by psychologist Martin Seligman fosters an overall positive
attitude by using thinking and behavior techniques to resist negativity?
A) Learned helpfulness
B) Learned pessimism
C) Learned optimism
D) Learned mindfulness
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
19) Which of the following personality traits involves the ability to be likable and to cooperate
with others?
A) Agreeableness
B) Resiliency
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotional stability
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
20) Adele values her unique qualities and abilities and has a realistic sense of her worth as a
person; she would be described as having a high level of
A) self-satisfaction.
B) positive emotions.
C) resiliency.
D) self-esteem.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 2.2
Learning Outcome: 2.2
Skill: Applying/Analyzing

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