Test Bank for Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7th Edition
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1
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 1 A Background for the Profession
1) Which of the following phrases best describes the authors' view of the status of health
education? Health education is
A) a calling.
B) a profession.
C) an applied discipline.
D) an emerging specialty.
Answer: B
2) The body of knowledge, principles, and concepts used in health education/promotion come
from a variety of disciplines. Which one of the following is not one the major disciplines
supporting health education/promotion?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Sociology
D) Medical sciences
Answer: A
3) The "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond
the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions" is
the definition of
A) public health.
B) global health.
C) population health.
D) disease prevention.
Answer: B
4) An individual trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the
development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of
individuals, groups, and communities is known as a
A) community planner.
B) promotion specialist.
C) health education specialist.
D) professional.
Answer: C
5) During the 1850s to 1950s, the primary focus of the public health effort in the United States
was to
A) reduce health care costs.
B) control chronic diseases.
C) control infectious diseases.
D) develop national health care coverage.
Answer: C
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 1 A Background for the Profession
1) Which of the following phrases best describes the authors' view of the status of health
education? Health education is
A) a calling.
B) a profession.
C) an applied discipline.
D) an emerging specialty.
Answer: B
2) The body of knowledge, principles, and concepts used in health education/promotion come
from a variety of disciplines. Which one of the following is not one the major disciplines
supporting health education/promotion?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Sociology
D) Medical sciences
Answer: A
3) The "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond
the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions" is
the definition of
A) public health.
B) global health.
C) population health.
D) disease prevention.
Answer: B
4) An individual trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the
development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of
individuals, groups, and communities is known as a
A) community planner.
B) promotion specialist.
C) health education specialist.
D) professional.
Answer: C
5) During the 1850s to 1950s, the primary focus of the public health effort in the United States
was to
A) reduce health care costs.
B) control chronic diseases.
C) control infectious diseases.
D) develop national health care coverage.
Answer: C
1
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 1 A Background for the Profession
1) Which of the following phrases best describes the authors' view of the status of health
education? Health education is
A) a calling.
B) a profession.
C) an applied discipline.
D) an emerging specialty.
Answer: B
2) The body of knowledge, principles, and concepts used in health education/promotion come
from a variety of disciplines. Which one of the following is not one the major disciplines
supporting health education/promotion?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Sociology
D) Medical sciences
Answer: A
3) The "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond
the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions" is
the definition of
A) public health.
B) global health.
C) population health.
D) disease prevention.
Answer: B
4) An individual trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the
development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of
individuals, groups, and communities is known as a
A) community planner.
B) promotion specialist.
C) health education specialist.
D) professional.
Answer: C
5) During the 1850s to 1950s, the primary focus of the public health effort in the United States
was to
A) reduce health care costs.
B) control chronic diseases.
C) control infectious diseases.
D) develop national health care coverage.
Answer: C
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 1 A Background for the Profession
1) Which of the following phrases best describes the authors' view of the status of health
education? Health education is
A) a calling.
B) a profession.
C) an applied discipline.
D) an emerging specialty.
Answer: B
2) The body of knowledge, principles, and concepts used in health education/promotion come
from a variety of disciplines. Which one of the following is not one the major disciplines
supporting health education/promotion?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Sociology
D) Medical sciences
Answer: A
3) The "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond
the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions" is
the definition of
A) public health.
B) global health.
C) population health.
D) disease prevention.
Answer: B
4) An individual trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the
development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of
individuals, groups, and communities is known as a
A) community planner.
B) promotion specialist.
C) health education specialist.
D) professional.
Answer: C
5) During the 1850s to 1950s, the primary focus of the public health effort in the United States
was to
A) reduce health care costs.
B) control chronic diseases.
C) control infectious diseases.
D) develop national health care coverage.
Answer: C
2
6) The greatest potential for reducing morbidity, saving lives, and reducing health care costs in
the United States through health promotion and disease prevention was realized by the
A) early 1900s.
B) late 1950s.
C) mid 1970s.
D) early 2000s.
Answer: C
7) Which one of the following is not recognized as a dimension of health?
A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Spiritual
D) Political
Answer: D
8) An approach to health that focuses on balancing the dimensions of a person's life through the
adoption of health enhancing behaviors is known as
A) public health.
B) wellness.
C) community health.
D) health promotion.
Answer: B
9) Which of the following surveys collects health data about college students?
A) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
C) The National College Health Assessment
D) The National Health Interview Survey
Answer: C
10) The federal government's 1980 document that provided a blueprint of the health promotion
and disease prevention strategy is known as
A) Code Blue.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) Quality of Life in the United States.
D) Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation.
Answer: D
11) The number of deaths per 100,000 population is known as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: C
6) The greatest potential for reducing morbidity, saving lives, and reducing health care costs in
the United States through health promotion and disease prevention was realized by the
A) early 1900s.
B) late 1950s.
C) mid 1970s.
D) early 2000s.
Answer: C
7) Which one of the following is not recognized as a dimension of health?
A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Spiritual
D) Political
Answer: D
8) An approach to health that focuses on balancing the dimensions of a person's life through the
adoption of health enhancing behaviors is known as
A) public health.
B) wellness.
C) community health.
D) health promotion.
Answer: B
9) Which of the following surveys collects health data about college students?
A) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
C) The National College Health Assessment
D) The National Health Interview Survey
Answer: C
10) The federal government's 1980 document that provided a blueprint of the health promotion
and disease prevention strategy is known as
A) Code Blue.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) Quality of Life in the United States.
D) Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation.
Answer: D
11) The number of deaths per 100,000 population is known as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: C
2
6) The greatest potential for reducing morbidity, saving lives, and reducing health care costs in
the United States through health promotion and disease prevention was realized by the
A) early 1900s.
B) late 1950s.
C) mid 1970s.
D) early 2000s.
Answer: C
7) Which one of the following is not recognized as a dimension of health?
A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Spiritual
D) Political
Answer: D
8) An approach to health that focuses on balancing the dimensions of a person's life through the
adoption of health enhancing behaviors is known as
A) public health.
B) wellness.
C) community health.
D) health promotion.
Answer: B
9) Which of the following surveys collects health data about college students?
A) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
C) The National College Health Assessment
D) The National Health Interview Survey
Answer: C
10) The federal government's 1980 document that provided a blueprint of the health promotion
and disease prevention strategy is known as
A) Code Blue.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) Quality of Life in the United States.
D) Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation.
Answer: D
11) The number of deaths per 100,000 population is known as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: C
6) The greatest potential for reducing morbidity, saving lives, and reducing health care costs in
the United States through health promotion and disease prevention was realized by the
A) early 1900s.
B) late 1950s.
C) mid 1970s.
D) early 2000s.
Answer: C
7) Which one of the following is not recognized as a dimension of health?
A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Spiritual
D) Political
Answer: D
8) An approach to health that focuses on balancing the dimensions of a person's life through the
adoption of health enhancing behaviors is known as
A) public health.
B) wellness.
C) community health.
D) health promotion.
Answer: B
9) Which of the following surveys collects health data about college students?
A) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
C) The National College Health Assessment
D) The National Health Interview Survey
Answer: C
10) The federal government's 1980 document that provided a blueprint of the health promotion
and disease prevention strategy is known as
A) Code Blue.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) Quality of Life in the United States.
D) Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation.
Answer: D
11) The number of deaths per 100,000 population is known as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: C
3
12) A rate for a specific population subgroup (e.g. death rate for 40—50 year olds) is referred to
as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: B
13) The average number of years of life remaining is known as the
A) death rate.
B) mortality rate.
C) life expectancy.
D) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY).
Answer: C
14) Which rate is the measure of premature mortality?
A) Mortality rate
B) Infant mortality rate
C) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
D) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)
Answer: C
15) The primary difference between the health education/promotion profession and other helping
professions is
A) the establishment of written objectives by health education specialists.
B) that other professions do not have stated goals and objectives.
C) the use of the teaching-learning process by the health education/promotion profession.
D) that the cost of health education/promotion is much less than other helping professions.
Answer: C
16) The social determinants of health include which of the following areas?
A) Genetics
B) Environmental conditions
C) Health behavior
D) Social and community context
Answer: D
17) Which of the following steps is generally found in most planning models?
A) Learning activities
B) Needs assessment
C) Policy commitment
D) Review of self-help materials
Answer: B
12) A rate for a specific population subgroup (e.g. death rate for 40—50 year olds) is referred to
as
A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.
Answer: B
13) The average number of years of life remaining is known as the
A) death rate.
B) mortality rate.
C) life expectancy.
D) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY).
Answer: C
14) Which rate is the measure of premature mortality?
A) Mortality rate
B) Infant mortality rate
C) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
D) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)
Answer: C
15) The primary difference between the health education/promotion profession and other helping
professions is
A) the establishment of written objectives by health education specialists.
B) that other professions do not have stated goals and objectives.
C) the use of the teaching-learning process by the health education/promotion profession.
D) that the cost of health education/promotion is much less than other helping professions.
Answer: C
16) The social determinants of health include which of the following areas?
A) Genetics
B) Environmental conditions
C) Health behavior
D) Social and community context
Answer: D
17) Which of the following steps is generally found in most planning models?
A) Learning activities
B) Needs assessment
C) Policy commitment
D) Review of self-help materials
Answer: B
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18) The determinants of health include which of the following domains?
A) Health services
B) Disease
C) Economic stability
D) Enrollment in higher education
Answer: A
19) According to the best available estimates, behavioral patterns impact what portion of the
population's early death?
A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
Answer: B
20) According to the best available estimates, social circumstances impact what portion of the
population's early death?
A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
Answer: D
21) The use of vaccines is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
22) Wearing a safety belt is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
23) Providing education to a diabetic on how to use his/her insulin is an example of which level
of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: C
18) The determinants of health include which of the following domains?
A) Health services
B) Disease
C) Economic stability
D) Enrollment in higher education
Answer: A
19) According to the best available estimates, behavioral patterns impact what portion of the
population's early death?
A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
Answer: B
20) According to the best available estimates, social circumstances impact what portion of the
population's early death?
A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
Answer: D
21) The use of vaccines is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
22) Wearing a safety belt is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
23) Providing education to a diabetic on how to use his/her insulin is an example of which level
of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: C
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24) Encouraging individuals to take a daily dose of aspirin to reduce the chance of a heart attack
is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: B
25) Brushing one's teeth is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
26) Which one of the following disciplines and professions was not identified by the authors as
contributing to the principles and concepts of health education/promotion?
A) Medicine
B) Education
C) Epidemiology
D) Anthropology
Answer: D
27) The Health Field Concept divides the health field into four elements. The four elements are
A) education, epidemiology, medicine, and sociology.
B) development, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
C) human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization.
D) human biology, education, social work, and behavioral psychology.
Answer: C
28) The greatest importance of the Health Field Concept has been the
A) focus of health care reform legislation.
B) focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
C) institution of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
D) identification of health risks related to morbidity and mortality.
Answer: B
29) The focus of health promotion and disease prevention efforts should be directed toward
A) biological limitations.
B) the Chain of Infection.
C) modifiable risk factors.
D) non-modifiable risk factors.
Answer: C
24) Encouraging individuals to take a daily dose of aspirin to reduce the chance of a heart attack
is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: B
25) Brushing one's teeth is an example of which level of prevention?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention
Answer: A
26) Which one of the following disciplines and professions was not identified by the authors as
contributing to the principles and concepts of health education/promotion?
A) Medicine
B) Education
C) Epidemiology
D) Anthropology
Answer: D
27) The Health Field Concept divides the health field into four elements. The four elements are
A) education, epidemiology, medicine, and sociology.
B) development, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
C) human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization.
D) human biology, education, social work, and behavioral psychology.
Answer: C
28) The greatest importance of the Health Field Concept has been the
A) focus of health care reform legislation.
B) focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
C) institution of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
D) identification of health risks related to morbidity and mortality.
Answer: B
29) The focus of health promotion and disease prevention efforts should be directed toward
A) biological limitations.
B) the Chain of Infection.
C) modifiable risk factors.
D) non-modifiable risk factors.
Answer: C
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30) What percentage of death could be prevented by controlling modifiable risk factors?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
Answer: D
31) The interruption of the sequence of events to prevent an infection is descriptive of which of
the following?
A) The Socio-ecological Approach
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: B
32) The major components of this model include agent, host, and environment.
A) Epidemiology
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: D
33) Which of the following disease models is most applicable to the prevention of chronic
diseases?
A) The Chain of Infection
B) The Health Field Concept
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: C
34) Epidemiology is
A) a method of applying primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in a community setting.
B) concerned primarily with the empowerment of individuals in the of care their own health.
C) the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in a specific population.
D) concerned only with life expectancy of humans.
Answer: C
35) The level of prevention that includes strategies designed to reduce the incidence of disease is
called ________ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community
Answer: A
30) What percentage of death could be prevented by controlling modifiable risk factors?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
Answer: D
31) The interruption of the sequence of events to prevent an infection is descriptive of which of
the following?
A) The Socio-ecological Approach
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: B
32) The major components of this model include agent, host, and environment.
A) Epidemiology
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: D
33) Which of the following disease models is most applicable to the prevention of chronic
diseases?
A) The Chain of Infection
B) The Health Field Concept
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model
Answer: C
34) Epidemiology is
A) a method of applying primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in a community setting.
B) concerned primarily with the empowerment of individuals in the of care their own health.
C) the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in a specific population.
D) concerned only with life expectancy of humans.
Answer: C
35) The level of prevention that includes strategies designed to reduce the incidence of disease is
called ________ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community
Answer: A
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7
36) Screenings are used by which level of prevention?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Community
Answer: B
37) Providing training or instructing patients on how to modify their diets and take their
medications to prevent a second heart attack is an example of ________ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community
Answer: C
38) Which of the following is the best descriptor of the socio-ecological approach?
A) Behaviors are influenced by interdependent domains
B) Social circumstances are the prominent domain that influences health behaviors
C) Genetics and the environment are the only variables of interest when developing interventions
D) Family influences are the most important determinant of health
Answer: A
39) The first national document that presented a comprehensive national agenda for prevention
presented objectives in three main areas. The areas include
A) preventive services, health protection, and health promotion.
B) increase quality of life, increase years of life, and the elimination of health disparities.
C) improve child mortality rates, decrease teen pregnancy rates, and reduce tobacco use.
D) improve the number of years of independent living, reduce mortality rates of cardiovascular
diseases, and increase high school graduation rates.
Answer: A
40) Which of the following is not considered a population-based approach?
A) Community development
B) Economic supports
C) Organizational change
D) Individual conversation with a physician
Answer: D
41) According to the best available estimates, environmental exposures impact what portion of
the population's early death?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 40%
Answer: A
36) Screenings are used by which level of prevention?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Community
Answer: B
37) Providing training or instructing patients on how to modify their diets and take their
medications to prevent a second heart attack is an example of ________ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community
Answer: C
38) Which of the following is the best descriptor of the socio-ecological approach?
A) Behaviors are influenced by interdependent domains
B) Social circumstances are the prominent domain that influences health behaviors
C) Genetics and the environment are the only variables of interest when developing interventions
D) Family influences are the most important determinant of health
Answer: A
39) The first national document that presented a comprehensive national agenda for prevention
presented objectives in three main areas. The areas include
A) preventive services, health protection, and health promotion.
B) increase quality of life, increase years of life, and the elimination of health disparities.
C) improve child mortality rates, decrease teen pregnancy rates, and reduce tobacco use.
D) improve the number of years of independent living, reduce mortality rates of cardiovascular
diseases, and increase high school graduation rates.
Answer: A
40) Which of the following is not considered a population-based approach?
A) Community development
B) Economic supports
C) Organizational change
D) Individual conversation with a physician
Answer: D
41) According to the best available estimates, environmental exposures impact what portion of
the population's early death?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 40%
Answer: A
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42) Having the ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs, and more that differ
across cultures is a description of a
A) health education specialist.
B) culturally competent person.
C) professional.
D) epidemiologist.
Answer: B
43) The difference in health between populations is known as
A) crude rate.
B) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL).
C) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL).
D) health disparity.
Answer: D
44) The two primary causes of health disparities are lack of access to care and the lack of quality
care.
Answer: TRUE
45) A crude rate is expressed in numbers per 100,000 population.
Answer: TRUE
46) To help change behavior, health education specialists must do more than just educate.
Answer: TRUE
47) The greatest potential for reducing the cost of health care in America is believed to be
accomplished through the use of advanced technology.
Answer: FALSE
48) The first set of health Objectives for the Nation (Healthy People) provided a blueprint for
health promotion and disease prevention strategies.
Answer: TRUE
49) According to McGinnis, modifiable behaviors are the single most prominent domain of
influence of health.
Answer: TRUE
50) According to the World Health Organization, health is merely an absence of disease.
Answer: FALSE
51) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is often described as the most comprehensive indicator
of health and disease in a society.
Answer: FALSE
52) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is a measure of premature mortality.
Answer: TRUE
42) Having the ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs, and more that differ
across cultures is a description of a
A) health education specialist.
B) culturally competent person.
C) professional.
D) epidemiologist.
Answer: B
43) The difference in health between populations is known as
A) crude rate.
B) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL).
C) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL).
D) health disparity.
Answer: D
44) The two primary causes of health disparities are lack of access to care and the lack of quality
care.
Answer: TRUE
45) A crude rate is expressed in numbers per 100,000 population.
Answer: TRUE
46) To help change behavior, health education specialists must do more than just educate.
Answer: TRUE
47) The greatest potential for reducing the cost of health care in America is believed to be
accomplished through the use of advanced technology.
Answer: FALSE
48) The first set of health Objectives for the Nation (Healthy People) provided a blueprint for
health promotion and disease prevention strategies.
Answer: TRUE
49) According to McGinnis, modifiable behaviors are the single most prominent domain of
influence of health.
Answer: TRUE
50) According to the World Health Organization, health is merely an absence of disease.
Answer: FALSE
51) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is often described as the most comprehensive indicator
of health and disease in a society.
Answer: FALSE
52) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is a measure of premature mortality.
Answer: TRUE
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53) A rate used to express the impact of injury or disease is known as the Disability-Adjusted
Life Years (DALY).
Answer: TRUE
54) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is a measure developed by the World Health
Organization and the World Bank.
Answer: TRUE
55) Disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE) is based upon mortality rates.
Answer: FALSE
56) The ultimate goal of the health education/promotion profession is to prolong life.
Answer: TRUE
57) The terms of public health, health promotion, and wellness are all defined in terms of
preventing diseases.
Answer: FALSE
58) The primary role of all health education specialists is to evaluate behavior change in their
clients.
Answer: FALSE
59) Crude rates and adjusted rates are both expressed in terms of the total population.
Answer: TRUE
60) Epidemiology is the study of how states prevent disease outbreaks.
Answer: FALSE
61) The term pandemic refers to an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area.
Answer: TRUE
62) The term endemic refers to the regular occurrence of a disease in a given population.
Answer: TRUE
63) The Health Field Concept focuses only on the health care system.
Answer: FALSE
64) Keeping a child's immunizations up-to-date would be an example of primary prevention.
Answer: TRUE
65) The use of antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection would be an example of secondary
prevention.
Answer: FALSE
66) A person's age is considered a modifiable risk factor for disease.
Answer: FALSE
53) A rate used to express the impact of injury or disease is known as the Disability-Adjusted
Life Years (DALY).
Answer: TRUE
54) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is a measure developed by the World Health
Organization and the World Bank.
Answer: TRUE
55) Disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE) is based upon mortality rates.
Answer: FALSE
56) The ultimate goal of the health education/promotion profession is to prolong life.
Answer: TRUE
57) The terms of public health, health promotion, and wellness are all defined in terms of
preventing diseases.
Answer: FALSE
58) The primary role of all health education specialists is to evaluate behavior change in their
clients.
Answer: FALSE
59) Crude rates and adjusted rates are both expressed in terms of the total population.
Answer: TRUE
60) Epidemiology is the study of how states prevent disease outbreaks.
Answer: FALSE
61) The term pandemic refers to an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area.
Answer: TRUE
62) The term endemic refers to the regular occurrence of a disease in a given population.
Answer: TRUE
63) The Health Field Concept focuses only on the health care system.
Answer: FALSE
64) Keeping a child's immunizations up-to-date would be an example of primary prevention.
Answer: TRUE
65) The use of antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection would be an example of secondary
prevention.
Answer: FALSE
66) A person's age is considered a modifiable risk factor for disease.
Answer: FALSE
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10
67) The basic premise of the Chain of Infection Model is that modifying events that lead to
infections can prevent infections.
Answer: TRUE
68) There are several different models that have proven useful in the prevention of disease.
Answer: TRUE
69) Health surveys can be used to measure health or health status.
Answer: TRUE
70) Epidemiology can be used in health education/promotion to identify the needs of a given
population.
Answer: TRUE
71) Empowerment at one level can influence empowerment at another level.
Answer: TRUE
72) Empowerment refers to people gaining mastery over their lives.
Answer: TRUE
73) Advocacy is a skill needed by health education specialists.
Answer: TRUE
74) Identify the four limitations of prevention and explain each.
75) Compare and contrast the Multicausation Disease Model and the Communicable Disease
Model.
76) Identify four professions/disciplines that support health education/promotion. Provide an
example of how each profession/discipline is supportive of the health education profession.
77) Identify the three levels of prevention and provide an example for each level.
78) Describe the role advocacy plays in health education/promotion.
79) You have been asked to provide evidence of the health status of a given population (state or
country); which rates and measurements would you use? Why?
80) Identify a health issue in which you have utilized advocacy skills and describe two activities
you used in your advocacy effort.
81) Discuss the importance of participation in addressing health problems of a priority
population.
82) Define the levels of influence in the socio-ecological approach.
67) The basic premise of the Chain of Infection Model is that modifying events that lead to
infections can prevent infections.
Answer: TRUE
68) There are several different models that have proven useful in the prevention of disease.
Answer: TRUE
69) Health surveys can be used to measure health or health status.
Answer: TRUE
70) Epidemiology can be used in health education/promotion to identify the needs of a given
population.
Answer: TRUE
71) Empowerment at one level can influence empowerment at another level.
Answer: TRUE
72) Empowerment refers to people gaining mastery over their lives.
Answer: TRUE
73) Advocacy is a skill needed by health education specialists.
Answer: TRUE
74) Identify the four limitations of prevention and explain each.
75) Compare and contrast the Multicausation Disease Model and the Communicable Disease
Model.
76) Identify four professions/disciplines that support health education/promotion. Provide an
example of how each profession/discipline is supportive of the health education profession.
77) Identify the three levels of prevention and provide an example for each level.
78) Describe the role advocacy plays in health education/promotion.
79) You have been asked to provide evidence of the health status of a given population (state or
country); which rates and measurements would you use? Why?
80) Identify a health issue in which you have utilized advocacy skills and describe two activities
you used in your advocacy effort.
81) Discuss the importance of participation in addressing health problems of a priority
population.
82) Define the levels of influence in the socio-ecological approach.
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1
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 2 The History of Health and Health Education/Promotion
1) The history of health education as an emerging profession is just over ________ years old.
A) 100
B) 500
C) 1,000
D) 5,000
Answer: A
2) It is assumed that the earliest humans initially learned to distinguish between things that were
healthful and those that were harmful by
A) divine intervention.
B) instinct.
C) inherited knowledge.
D) trial and error.
Answer: D
3) Excavated sites, dating back 4000 years, indicate that bathrooms and drains were common in
A) Rome.
B) Mycenae.
C) India.
D) Syria.
Answer: C
4) The ________ is the oldest written document related to health care dating from around 1600
BC.
A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi
Answer: B
5) The ________ is the earliest written record concerning public health.
A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi
Answer: D
6) Which book of the Bible is considered to be the world's first written hygienic code?
A) Obadiah
B) Zephaniah
C) Leviticus
D) Lamentations
Answer: C
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 2 The History of Health and Health Education/Promotion
1) The history of health education as an emerging profession is just over ________ years old.
A) 100
B) 500
C) 1,000
D) 5,000
Answer: A
2) It is assumed that the earliest humans initially learned to distinguish between things that were
healthful and those that were harmful by
A) divine intervention.
B) instinct.
C) inherited knowledge.
D) trial and error.
Answer: D
3) Excavated sites, dating back 4000 years, indicate that bathrooms and drains were common in
A) Rome.
B) Mycenae.
C) India.
D) Syria.
Answer: C
4) The ________ is the oldest written document related to health care dating from around 1600
BC.
A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi
Answer: B
5) The ________ is the earliest written record concerning public health.
A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi
Answer: D
6) Which book of the Bible is considered to be the world's first written hygienic code?
A) Obadiah
B) Zephaniah
C) Leviticus
D) Lamentations
Answer: C
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2
7) The Egyptians were considered to be
A) far more advanced in public health matters than the Greeks.
B) the writers of the earliest health care documents.
C) the founders of modern surgery.
D) the healthiest people of their time.
Answer: D
8) The first people to put as much emphasis on prevention of disease as on the treatment of
disease conditions were the
A) Egyptians.
B) Hebrews.
C) Greeks.
D) Romans.
Answer: C
9) By the beginning of the 8th century BC, Greek mythology had endowed ________ as the god
of medicine.
A) Asclepius
B) Hygeia
C) Mercury
D) Zeus
Answer: A
10) The Greek physician credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern
medicine was
A) Hippocrates.
B) Asclepius.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.
Answer: A
11) The staff and serpent symbol, which also marked early Greek temples of healing, is known
as
A) Hippocrates.
B) Caduceus.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.
Answer: B
12) Which period resulted in the production of realistic anatomical drawings?
A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment
Answer: C
7) The Egyptians were considered to be
A) far more advanced in public health matters than the Greeks.
B) the writers of the earliest health care documents.
C) the founders of modern surgery.
D) the healthiest people of their time.
Answer: D
8) The first people to put as much emphasis on prevention of disease as on the treatment of
disease conditions were the
A) Egyptians.
B) Hebrews.
C) Greeks.
D) Romans.
Answer: C
9) By the beginning of the 8th century BC, Greek mythology had endowed ________ as the god
of medicine.
A) Asclepius
B) Hygeia
C) Mercury
D) Zeus
Answer: A
10) The Greek physician credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern
medicine was
A) Hippocrates.
B) Asclepius.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.
Answer: A
11) The staff and serpent symbol, which also marked early Greek temples of healing, is known
as
A) Hippocrates.
B) Caduceus.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.
Answer: B
12) Which period resulted in the production of realistic anatomical drawings?
A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment
Answer: C
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3
13) Which contribution to the history of medicine is not attributed to Hippocrates?
A) The distinction between 'endemic' diseases and 'epidemic' diseases
B) The belief that health was the result of balance and disease the result of imbalance
C) The Code of Hammurabi
D) The Hippocratic Oath
Answer: C
14) The early society most famous for building sewage systems, water supply systems, baths,
and other health facilities was the
A) Egyptians.
B) Greeks.
C) Romans.
D) Saxons.
Answer: C
15) During what era were criminals dissected alive to improve medical knowledge?
A) Egyptian
B) Greek
C) Roman
D) Middle Ages
Answer: C
16) Which of the following groups built the most extensive aqueduct system to bring fresh water
to its subjects?
A) Egyptians
B) Greeks
C) Romans
D) Saxons
Answer: C
17) Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during
the
A) Egyptian era.
B) Renaissance.
C) Roman era.
D) Middle Ages.
Answer: D
18) Which great epidemic during the Middle Ages resulted in the most discrimination and
isolation of its victims?
A) Syphilis
B) Bubonic plague
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox
Answer: C
13) Which contribution to the history of medicine is not attributed to Hippocrates?
A) The distinction between 'endemic' diseases and 'epidemic' diseases
B) The belief that health was the result of balance and disease the result of imbalance
C) The Code of Hammurabi
D) The Hippocratic Oath
Answer: C
14) The early society most famous for building sewage systems, water supply systems, baths,
and other health facilities was the
A) Egyptians.
B) Greeks.
C) Romans.
D) Saxons.
Answer: C
15) During what era were criminals dissected alive to improve medical knowledge?
A) Egyptian
B) Greek
C) Roman
D) Middle Ages
Answer: C
16) Which of the following groups built the most extensive aqueduct system to bring fresh water
to its subjects?
A) Egyptians
B) Greeks
C) Romans
D) Saxons
Answer: C
17) Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during
the
A) Egyptian era.
B) Renaissance.
C) Roman era.
D) Middle Ages.
Answer: D
18) Which great epidemic during the Middle Ages resulted in the most discrimination and
isolation of its victims?
A) Syphilis
B) Bubonic plague
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox
Answer: C
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4
19) During the Middle Ages, which of the following was considered one potential cause of the
bubonic plague?
A) Syphilis
B) Unnatural hot and humid winds
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox
Answer: B
20) "Water casting" was a
A) means of diagnosing a patient's condition by examining the urine for changes in color.
B) means of casting out demons by throwing water on the inflicted individual.
C) method for diagnosing syphilis during the Roman era.
D) condition in which water was retained by the body when infected with leprosy.
Answer: A
21) During the Renaissance period, much surgery and dentistry was performed by
A) physicians and dentists.
B) nurse midwives.
C) surgeons trained only by apprenticeship.
D) barbers.
Answer: D
22) The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time
A) of health advances.
B) when many health advancements were lost.
C) focused on disease prevention efforts.
D) emphasizing naturalistic and holistic approaches.
Answer: B
23) During which period did the concept of disease contagion become more universally
accepted?
A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment
Answer: B
24) During the 1700s the "miasmas theory" held that
A) disease was caused when vapors rising from rotting refuse were inhaled.
B) an imbalance of the mind, body, and spirit caused disease.
C) disease was caused by four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
D) parasites in the water caused most disease.
Answer: A
19) During the Middle Ages, which of the following was considered one potential cause of the
bubonic plague?
A) Syphilis
B) Unnatural hot and humid winds
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox
Answer: B
20) "Water casting" was a
A) means of diagnosing a patient's condition by examining the urine for changes in color.
B) means of casting out demons by throwing water on the inflicted individual.
C) method for diagnosing syphilis during the Roman era.
D) condition in which water was retained by the body when infected with leprosy.
Answer: A
21) During the Renaissance period, much surgery and dentistry was performed by
A) physicians and dentists.
B) nurse midwives.
C) surgeons trained only by apprenticeship.
D) barbers.
Answer: D
22) The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time
A) of health advances.
B) when many health advancements were lost.
C) focused on disease prevention efforts.
D) emphasizing naturalistic and holistic approaches.
Answer: B
23) During which period did the concept of disease contagion become more universally
accepted?
A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment
Answer: B
24) During the 1700s the "miasmas theory" held that
A) disease was caused when vapors rising from rotting refuse were inhaled.
B) an imbalance of the mind, body, and spirit caused disease.
C) disease was caused by four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
D) parasites in the water caused most disease.
Answer: A
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5
25) The smallpox vaccine was discovered during which period?
A) 1500s
B) 1600s
C) 1700s
D) 1800s
Answer: C
26) Who wrote the Report on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring
Population of Great Britain?
A) John Snow
B) James Lind
C) Edwin Chadwick
D) Thomas Muster
Answer: C
27) John Snow was able to interrupt a cholera epidemic in London by
A) placing those infected in quarantine.
B) removing a pump handle.
C) promoting daily bathing.
D) developing a new antibiotic.
Answer: B
28) Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Joseph Lister
D) Edwin Chadwick
Answer: B
29) To address the many health problems facing U.S. cities in the late 1700s, some cities
developed health
A) laws.
B) rules.
C) boards.
D) regulations.
Answer: C
30) Public health reform in the United States was stimulated by the landmark Report on the
Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts written by
A) Edwin Chadwick.
B) Thomas Dewy.
C) Horace Mann.
D) Lemuel Shattuck.
Answer: D
25) The smallpox vaccine was discovered during which period?
A) 1500s
B) 1600s
C) 1700s
D) 1800s
Answer: C
26) Who wrote the Report on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring
Population of Great Britain?
A) John Snow
B) James Lind
C) Edwin Chadwick
D) Thomas Muster
Answer: C
27) John Snow was able to interrupt a cholera epidemic in London by
A) placing those infected in quarantine.
B) removing a pump handle.
C) promoting daily bathing.
D) developing a new antibiotic.
Answer: B
28) Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Joseph Lister
D) Edwin Chadwick
Answer: B
29) To address the many health problems facing U.S. cities in the late 1700s, some cities
developed health
A) laws.
B) rules.
C) boards.
D) regulations.
Answer: C
30) Public health reform in the United States was stimulated by the landmark Report on the
Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts written by
A) Edwin Chadwick.
B) Thomas Dewy.
C) Horace Mann.
D) Lemuel Shattuck.
Answer: D
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6
31) Which of the following is not a result of the landmark Report on the Sanitary Commission of
Massachusetts?
A) The first full-time county health departments were formed.
B) State boards of health were formed.
C) The National Tuberculosis Study was conducted.
D) The collection and analysis of vital statistics became practice.
Answer: C
32) Stephen Smith's effort to initiate a national sanitary association eventually evolved into the
A) American Association for Health Education (AAHE).
B) American Public Health Association (APHA).
C) Society of Public Health Educators (SOPHE).
D) Association for Worksite Health Promotion (AWHP).
Answer: B
33) The first national voluntary health agency established in 1902 was the
A) American Cancer Society.
B) American Heart Association.
C) Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts.
D) National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Answer: D
34) Passage of the 1798 Marine Hospital Services Act established a structure that eventually
evolved into today's
A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B) U.S. Public Health Service.
C) National Institutes of Health.
D) U.S. Marine Corps.
Answer: B
35) Which act provided support for state health departments and their programs, including the
development of sanitary facilities and improvements in maternal and child health?
A) Ransdell Act
B) Social Security Act
C) Hill-Burton Act
D) Congressional Health Services Act
Answer: B
36) The federal government's involvement in social issues including health began with passage
of the
A) Medicare Act.
B) Medicaid Act.
C) Ransdell Act.
D) Social Security Act.
Answer: D
31) Which of the following is not a result of the landmark Report on the Sanitary Commission of
Massachusetts?
A) The first full-time county health departments were formed.
B) State boards of health were formed.
C) The National Tuberculosis Study was conducted.
D) The collection and analysis of vital statistics became practice.
Answer: C
32) Stephen Smith's effort to initiate a national sanitary association eventually evolved into the
A) American Association for Health Education (AAHE).
B) American Public Health Association (APHA).
C) Society of Public Health Educators (SOPHE).
D) Association for Worksite Health Promotion (AWHP).
Answer: B
33) The first national voluntary health agency established in 1902 was the
A) American Cancer Society.
B) American Heart Association.
C) Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts.
D) National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Answer: D
34) Passage of the 1798 Marine Hospital Services Act established a structure that eventually
evolved into today's
A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B) U.S. Public Health Service.
C) National Institutes of Health.
D) U.S. Marine Corps.
Answer: B
35) Which act provided support for state health departments and their programs, including the
development of sanitary facilities and improvements in maternal and child health?
A) Ransdell Act
B) Social Security Act
C) Hill-Burton Act
D) Congressional Health Services Act
Answer: B
36) The federal government's involvement in social issues including health began with passage
of the
A) Medicare Act.
B) Medicaid Act.
C) Ransdell Act.
D) Social Security Act.
Answer: D
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7
37) Dr. Mayhew Derryberry is credited with
A) predicting how the shift from contagious to chronic diseases would impact health education.
B) establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
C) presenting Canadians with epidemiological evidence supporting the importance of lifestyle
and environmental factors to health and sickness.
D) establishing what is now known as the National Institute of Health.
Answer: A
38) ________ was created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Social Security
D) Health insurance
Answer: A
39) The first national effort to promote the health of citizens through a more preventative
approach took place in what country?
A) United States
B) England
C) Germany
D) Canada
Answer: D
40) What famous Canadian report presented epidemiological evidence supporting the importance
of lifestyle and environmental factors on health and sickness, and called for numerous national
health promotion strategies?
A) A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians
B) A Report Card on Canadian Health Promotion Efforts
C) Canadian Healthy Diary
D) National Health Objectives for Canada Care
Answer: A
41) In the United States the first major recognition of the importance of lifestyle in promoting
health and well-being came in the form of a governmental publication titled
A) Healthy People.
B) Surgeon General's Report on the Health of Americans.
C) A Report Card on U.S. Health Indicators.
D) National Health Objectives for the year 1990.
Answer: A
42) Which of the following is not an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020?
A) Living longer lives
B) Creating healthy environments
C) Eliminating disparities
D) Conducting critical research
Answer: D
37) Dr. Mayhew Derryberry is credited with
A) predicting how the shift from contagious to chronic diseases would impact health education.
B) establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
C) presenting Canadians with epidemiological evidence supporting the importance of lifestyle
and environmental factors to health and sickness.
D) establishing what is now known as the National Institute of Health.
Answer: A
38) ________ was created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Social Security
D) Health insurance
Answer: A
39) The first national effort to promote the health of citizens through a more preventative
approach took place in what country?
A) United States
B) England
C) Germany
D) Canada
Answer: D
40) What famous Canadian report presented epidemiological evidence supporting the importance
of lifestyle and environmental factors on health and sickness, and called for numerous national
health promotion strategies?
A) A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians
B) A Report Card on Canadian Health Promotion Efforts
C) Canadian Healthy Diary
D) National Health Objectives for Canada Care
Answer: A
41) In the United States the first major recognition of the importance of lifestyle in promoting
health and well-being came in the form of a governmental publication titled
A) Healthy People.
B) Surgeon General's Report on the Health of Americans.
C) A Report Card on U.S. Health Indicators.
D) National Health Objectives for the year 1990.
Answer: A
42) Which of the following is not an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020?
A) Living longer lives
B) Creating healthy environments
C) Eliminating disparities
D) Conducting critical research
Answer: D
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8
43) The most recent set of national health objectives for the United States is titled
A) Healthy People 2000.
B) Healthy People 2010.
C) Healthy People 2020.
D) Healthy People 2030.
Answer: C
44) The Standard Occupational Classification Policy Review Committee approved the creation
of a new, distinct classification for the occupation of health educator in
A) the mid-1800s.
B) the late 1800s.
C) the mid-1900s.
D) the late 1900s.
Answer: D
45) Massachusetts passed the first mandatory education law in 1647 to
A) ensure children were prepared to become public servants in their community.
B) provide basic skills for female children.
C) combat plagues and other contagious diseases that were spreading throughout the community.
D) help promote the reading of the Bible.
Answer: D
46) Who was the secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1837 and repeatedly
called for mandatory programs of hygiene education for students?
A) Horace Mann
B) Lemuel Shattuck
C) Thomas Dewy
D) Charles Darwin
Answer: A
47) Founded in 1927, the American Association of School Physicians evolved into the
A) American Association for Health Education.
B) American College Health Association.
C) School Health Section of the American Public Health Association.
D) American School Health Association.
Answer: D
48) The first national effort to promote the teaching of health related curriculum in the schools
was directed by the
A) Women's Christian Temperance Union.
B) American Cancer Society.
C) American Lung Association.
D) National March of Dimes.
Answer: A
43) The most recent set of national health objectives for the United States is titled
A) Healthy People 2000.
B) Healthy People 2010.
C) Healthy People 2020.
D) Healthy People 2030.
Answer: C
44) The Standard Occupational Classification Policy Review Committee approved the creation
of a new, distinct classification for the occupation of health educator in
A) the mid-1800s.
B) the late 1800s.
C) the mid-1900s.
D) the late 1900s.
Answer: D
45) Massachusetts passed the first mandatory education law in 1647 to
A) ensure children were prepared to become public servants in their community.
B) provide basic skills for female children.
C) combat plagues and other contagious diseases that were spreading throughout the community.
D) help promote the reading of the Bible.
Answer: D
46) Who was the secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1837 and repeatedly
called for mandatory programs of hygiene education for students?
A) Horace Mann
B) Lemuel Shattuck
C) Thomas Dewy
D) Charles Darwin
Answer: A
47) Founded in 1927, the American Association of School Physicians evolved into the
A) American Association for Health Education.
B) American College Health Association.
C) School Health Section of the American Public Health Association.
D) American School Health Association.
Answer: D
48) The first national effort to promote the teaching of health related curriculum in the schools
was directed by the
A) Women's Christian Temperance Union.
B) American Cancer Society.
C) American Lung Association.
D) National March of Dimes.
Answer: A
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9
49) Among her many accomplishments, Miss Sally Lucas Jean was ultimately responsible for
A) writing the first health objectives for the United States.
B) changing the name from hygiene education to health education.
C) chairing a presidential commission on health education.
D) developing the first health education curriculum.
Answer: B
50) What happened during World War I that provided the impetus for widespread acceptance of
school health education as a field in its own right?
A) The incidence of tuberculosis increased rapidly
B) School health was required of all children for the first time
C) Too many young men were unfit for service
D) The first college program for health education was established
Answer: C
51) Which of the following best represents the results of the School Health Education Study
conducted by Dr. Elena Sliepcevich?
A) Health attitudes and behaviors among the students surveyed were excellent
B) Content knowledge among students surveyed was high
C) The results were appalling with numerous misconceptions about health at all levels
D) The results indicated good fitness and tobacco behaviors, but poor nutrition behaviors
Answer: C
52) One of the more important health education studies that was conducted in the Los Angeles
Area and was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of school health work in selected schools
and colleges of the area was the
A) School Health Education Evaluation Study.
B) School Health Effectiveness Project.
C) National School Health Assessment.
D) Regional Health Promotion and Education Survey.
Answer: A
53) Eight interactive components working together to enhance the health and well-being of the
students, faculty, staff, and community within a school district are known as
A) Comprehensive School Health Education.
B) a Coordinated School Health Program.
C) a Complete School Health Integration Program.
D) a Regulated School Health Plan.
Answer: B
54) The most recent school health publication focused on improving educational achievement for
all students and improved health for the United States is the
A) Standards for Health Literacy.
B) School Health Advisory Council Handbook.
C) Coordinated School Health Program Guidebook.
D) National Health Education Standards.
Answer: D
49) Among her many accomplishments, Miss Sally Lucas Jean was ultimately responsible for
A) writing the first health objectives for the United States.
B) changing the name from hygiene education to health education.
C) chairing a presidential commission on health education.
D) developing the first health education curriculum.
Answer: B
50) What happened during World War I that provided the impetus for widespread acceptance of
school health education as a field in its own right?
A) The incidence of tuberculosis increased rapidly
B) School health was required of all children for the first time
C) Too many young men were unfit for service
D) The first college program for health education was established
Answer: C
51) Which of the following best represents the results of the School Health Education Study
conducted by Dr. Elena Sliepcevich?
A) Health attitudes and behaviors among the students surveyed were excellent
B) Content knowledge among students surveyed was high
C) The results were appalling with numerous misconceptions about health at all levels
D) The results indicated good fitness and tobacco behaviors, but poor nutrition behaviors
Answer: C
52) One of the more important health education studies that was conducted in the Los Angeles
Area and was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of school health work in selected schools
and colleges of the area was the
A) School Health Education Evaluation Study.
B) School Health Effectiveness Project.
C) National School Health Assessment.
D) Regional Health Promotion and Education Survey.
Answer: A
53) Eight interactive components working together to enhance the health and well-being of the
students, faculty, staff, and community within a school district are known as
A) Comprehensive School Health Education.
B) a Coordinated School Health Program.
C) a Complete School Health Integration Program.
D) a Regulated School Health Plan.
Answer: B
54) The most recent school health publication focused on improving educational achievement for
all students and improved health for the United States is the
A) Standards for Health Literacy.
B) School Health Advisory Council Handbook.
C) Coordinated School Health Program Guidebook.
D) National Health Education Standards.
Answer: D
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10
55) When developing school health curriculum, the CDC recommends emphasizing six key risk
behaviors because the behaviors
A) are the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults.
B) are the most controllable by young people.
C) typically begin in early adulthood.
D) have been proven to be most easily changed through education.
Answer: A
56) The coordinated school health concept has dominated the school health arena but has failed
to reach its full potential in most schools because
A) the recess before lunch concept has been a priority.
B) the leadership to promote and coordinate school health programs is lacking.
C) the program is too prescriptive for most administrators to implement.
D) it lacks federal support.
Answer: B
57) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
A) expands healthcare to millions of uninsured Americans.
B) will limit opportunities for health education specialists to promote health.
C) focuses on providing affordable health education for high risk teens.
D) will protect patients from physicians who fail to employ high standards of care.
Answer: A
58) The formal classification for the occupation of health education was significant because it
A) allowed health educators to be eligible to sit for a certification exam.
B) made it possible to determine the number of health education specialists employed.
C) allowed health education specialists to serve as government consultants.
D) guided undergraduate health education program admission rates.
Answer: B
59) Health literacy is defined as an individual's ability to read health information.
Answer: FALSE
60) The need for professional health educators emerged as human beings' knowledge of health
and health care increased.
Answer: TRUE
61) Earliest man believed that disease and infirmity were caused by the influence of magic or
malevolent spirits that inhabited streams, trees, animals, the earth, and the air.
Answer: TRUE
62) The earliest written record concerning public health was the Smith Papyri.
Answer: FALSE
55) When developing school health curriculum, the CDC recommends emphasizing six key risk
behaviors because the behaviors
A) are the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults.
B) are the most controllable by young people.
C) typically begin in early adulthood.
D) have been proven to be most easily changed through education.
Answer: A
56) The coordinated school health concept has dominated the school health arena but has failed
to reach its full potential in most schools because
A) the recess before lunch concept has been a priority.
B) the leadership to promote and coordinate school health programs is lacking.
C) the program is too prescriptive for most administrators to implement.
D) it lacks federal support.
Answer: B
57) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
A) expands healthcare to millions of uninsured Americans.
B) will limit opportunities for health education specialists to promote health.
C) focuses on providing affordable health education for high risk teens.
D) will protect patients from physicians who fail to employ high standards of care.
Answer: A
58) The formal classification for the occupation of health education was significant because it
A) allowed health educators to be eligible to sit for a certification exam.
B) made it possible to determine the number of health education specialists employed.
C) allowed health education specialists to serve as government consultants.
D) guided undergraduate health education program admission rates.
Answer: B
59) Health literacy is defined as an individual's ability to read health information.
Answer: FALSE
60) The need for professional health educators emerged as human beings' knowledge of health
and health care increased.
Answer: TRUE
61) Earliest man believed that disease and infirmity were caused by the influence of magic or
malevolent spirits that inhabited streams, trees, animals, the earth, and the air.
Answer: TRUE
62) The earliest written record concerning public health was the Smith Papyri.
Answer: FALSE
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11
63) Egyptian medicine never advanced far beyond primitive medicine, relying on faith in magic
spells.
Answer: TRUE
64) The Egyptians possessed a strong sense of personal cleanliness and were considered to be the
healthiest people of their time.
Answer: TRUE
65) The Egyptians utilized numerous pharmaceutical preparations and constructed earth privies
for sewage as well as public drainage pipes.
Answer: TRUE
66) During the Greek era, the role of physician began to take shape and a more scientific view of
medicine emerged.
Answer: TRUE
67) In Greek mythology Hygeia was given the power to prevent disease.
Answer: TRUE
68) Hippocrates taught that health was the result of prayer.
Answer: FALSE
69) The balance of mind, body, and spirit was a focus of the Romans.
Answer: FALSE
70) The Greeks emphasized instruction related to philosophy, athletics, and theology in order for
individuals to maintain balance.
Answer: TRUE
71) The Hippocratic Oath continues to be used today as the basis for medical ethics.
Answer: TRUE
72) Asclepius has been credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern
medicine.
Answer: FALSE
73) As engineers, builders, and administrators, the Greeks had no equal among early
civilizations.
Answer: FALSE
74) The Romans had a great appreciation for hygiene and developed an extensive system of
private and public baths.
Answer: TRUE
75) The Romans can be credited with making many health advancements.
Answer: TRUE
63) Egyptian medicine never advanced far beyond primitive medicine, relying on faith in magic
spells.
Answer: TRUE
64) The Egyptians possessed a strong sense of personal cleanliness and were considered to be the
healthiest people of their time.
Answer: TRUE
65) The Egyptians utilized numerous pharmaceutical preparations and constructed earth privies
for sewage as well as public drainage pipes.
Answer: TRUE
66) During the Greek era, the role of physician began to take shape and a more scientific view of
medicine emerged.
Answer: TRUE
67) In Greek mythology Hygeia was given the power to prevent disease.
Answer: TRUE
68) Hippocrates taught that health was the result of prayer.
Answer: FALSE
69) The balance of mind, body, and spirit was a focus of the Romans.
Answer: FALSE
70) The Greeks emphasized instruction related to philosophy, athletics, and theology in order for
individuals to maintain balance.
Answer: TRUE
71) The Hippocratic Oath continues to be used today as the basis for medical ethics.
Answer: TRUE
72) Asclepius has been credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern
medicine.
Answer: FALSE
73) As engineers, builders, and administrators, the Greeks had no equal among early
civilizations.
Answer: FALSE
74) The Romans had a great appreciation for hygiene and developed an extensive system of
private and public baths.
Answer: TRUE
75) The Romans can be credited with making many health advancements.
Answer: TRUE
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12
76) The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time of health advancements.
Answer: FALSE
77) The Egyptians were the first to build hospitals.
Answer: FALSE
78) The years from 1875 to 1900 are known as the bacteriological period of public health.
Answer: TRUE
79) Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during
the Middle Ages.
Answer: TRUE
80) The contagion concept associated with leprosy and bubonic plague severely weakened the
argument of those promoting the sin-disease theory.
Answer: TRUE
81) In order to join the Brotherhood of the Flagellants, group members had to pledge to
ritualistically torment themselves three times daily for 33 days and eight hours.
Answer: TRUE
82) The plague caused widespread fear and superstition regarding the cause of disease.
Answer: TRUE
83) Religious leaders and physicians often were the first victims of the plague thus increasing
fear and superstition as to the cause of disease.
Answer: TRUE
84) While disagreement existed as to the cause of the plague, many believed the disease was
contagious.
Answer: TRUE
85) There was widespread agreement that the plague was caused by sin.
Answer: FALSE
86) If professional health educators had existed during the Middle Ages, millions of lives could
have been saved.
Answer: FALSE
87) During the Renaissance period science again emerged as a legitimate field of inquiry, and
numerous scientific advancements were made.
Answer: TRUE
88) Health status improved significantly in the first half of the 19th century.
Answer: FALSE
76) The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time of health advancements.
Answer: FALSE
77) The Egyptians were the first to build hospitals.
Answer: FALSE
78) The years from 1875 to 1900 are known as the bacteriological period of public health.
Answer: TRUE
79) Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during
the Middle Ages.
Answer: TRUE
80) The contagion concept associated with leprosy and bubonic plague severely weakened the
argument of those promoting the sin-disease theory.
Answer: TRUE
81) In order to join the Brotherhood of the Flagellants, group members had to pledge to
ritualistically torment themselves three times daily for 33 days and eight hours.
Answer: TRUE
82) The plague caused widespread fear and superstition regarding the cause of disease.
Answer: TRUE
83) Religious leaders and physicians often were the first victims of the plague thus increasing
fear and superstition as to the cause of disease.
Answer: TRUE
84) While disagreement existed as to the cause of the plague, many believed the disease was
contagious.
Answer: TRUE
85) There was widespread agreement that the plague was caused by sin.
Answer: FALSE
86) If professional health educators had existed during the Middle Ages, millions of lives could
have been saved.
Answer: FALSE
87) During the Renaissance period science again emerged as a legitimate field of inquiry, and
numerous scientific advancements were made.
Answer: TRUE
88) Health status improved significantly in the first half of the 19th century.
Answer: FALSE
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13
89) The practice of dentistry by professionally trained practitioners was a significant contribution
of the Renaissance period.
Answer: FALSE
90) Due to their high standard of living, the English royalty experienced very few health
problems.
Answer: FALSE
91) Disposal of human waste was still a major problem during the Renaissance period.
Answer: TRUE
92) Health boards were instituted to fight the plague during the 16th century.
Answer: TRUE
93) Health boards first began to provide oversight on the sewage system, cemeteries, and
professional activity of physicians during the 18th century.
Answer: FALSE
94) By removing the handle from the Broad Street water pump, John Snow demonstrated that
disease could be transmitted by water and not just through the air.
Answer: TRUE
95) The first life expectancy tables were developed in the United States in 1789 by Dr. Edward
Wigglesworth.
Answer: TRUE
96) Life expectancy tables are used to project the average number of years a person from a
specific cohort will live from a given point.
Answer: TRUE
97) In 2006, life expectancy at birth in the United States reached the highest level ever at 77.7
years.
Answer: TRUE
98) The history of the U.S. Public Health Service dates back to 1798 when Congress passed the
Marine Hospital Service Act.
Answer: TRUE
99) The Marine Hospital Service Act provided funding for the first floating hospital that rotated
among U.S. port cities.
Answer: FALSE
100) In the early part of the 20th century, nostrums and quackery were major problems facing
health educators.
Answer: TRUE
89) The practice of dentistry by professionally trained practitioners was a significant contribution
of the Renaissance period.
Answer: FALSE
90) Due to their high standard of living, the English royalty experienced very few health
problems.
Answer: FALSE
91) Disposal of human waste was still a major problem during the Renaissance period.
Answer: TRUE
92) Health boards were instituted to fight the plague during the 16th century.
Answer: TRUE
93) Health boards first began to provide oversight on the sewage system, cemeteries, and
professional activity of physicians during the 18th century.
Answer: FALSE
94) By removing the handle from the Broad Street water pump, John Snow demonstrated that
disease could be transmitted by water and not just through the air.
Answer: TRUE
95) The first life expectancy tables were developed in the United States in 1789 by Dr. Edward
Wigglesworth.
Answer: TRUE
96) Life expectancy tables are used to project the average number of years a person from a
specific cohort will live from a given point.
Answer: TRUE
97) In 2006, life expectancy at birth in the United States reached the highest level ever at 77.7
years.
Answer: TRUE
98) The history of the U.S. Public Health Service dates back to 1798 when Congress passed the
Marine Hospital Service Act.
Answer: TRUE
99) The Marine Hospital Service Act provided funding for the first floating hospital that rotated
among U.S. port cities.
Answer: FALSE
100) In the early part of the 20th century, nostrums and quackery were major problems facing
health educators.
Answer: TRUE
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14
101) The National Hospital Survey and Construction Act, also known as the Hill-Burton Act,
was crafted to improve the distribution and enhance the quality of hospitals.
Answer: TRUE
102) Medicaid was created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.
Answer: FALSE
103) The coordinated school health program model has been expanded and revised, and is
known as the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model (WSCC).
Answer: TRUE
104) The Healthy People initiative has evolved into an important strategic planning tool for
federal, state, and local public health professionals.
Answer: TRUE
105) Healthy People 2020 was developed to improve the effectiveness of public health
departments.
Answer: FALSE
106) The U.S. Department of Health approved the creation of a new, distinct classification for
the occupation of health educator.
Answer: TRUE
107) As a result of health education becoming a recognized profession, it is possible to determine
the number of health education specialists employed and the outlook for future health education
positions.
Answer: TRUE
108) Health education becoming a recognized profession means the salary of health education
specialists will increase.
Answer: FALSE
109) The teaching of health was part of the earliest education curricula in the United States.
Answer: FALSE
110) Only girls attended the earliest schools, as boys were too valuable to spare from the farms.
Answer: FALSE
111) Religious leaders initiated the push for formal education in the mid-1600s.
Answer: TRUE
112) Horace Mann, whose writings and speeches helped to promote the importance of education
in general, was believed to be the first spokesperson for teaching health in schools.
Answer: TRUE
101) The National Hospital Survey and Construction Act, also known as the Hill-Burton Act,
was crafted to improve the distribution and enhance the quality of hospitals.
Answer: TRUE
102) Medicaid was created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.
Answer: FALSE
103) The coordinated school health program model has been expanded and revised, and is
known as the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model (WSCC).
Answer: TRUE
104) The Healthy People initiative has evolved into an important strategic planning tool for
federal, state, and local public health professionals.
Answer: TRUE
105) Healthy People 2020 was developed to improve the effectiveness of public health
departments.
Answer: FALSE
106) The U.S. Department of Health approved the creation of a new, distinct classification for
the occupation of health educator.
Answer: TRUE
107) As a result of health education becoming a recognized profession, it is possible to determine
the number of health education specialists employed and the outlook for future health education
positions.
Answer: TRUE
108) Health education becoming a recognized profession means the salary of health education
specialists will increase.
Answer: FALSE
109) The teaching of health was part of the earliest education curricula in the United States.
Answer: FALSE
110) Only girls attended the earliest schools, as boys were too valuable to spare from the farms.
Answer: FALSE
111) Religious leaders initiated the push for formal education in the mid-1600s.
Answer: TRUE
112) Horace Mann, whose writings and speeches helped to promote the importance of education
in general, was believed to be the first spokesperson for teaching health in schools.
Answer: TRUE
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15
113) was critical in the development of public health and provided strong support for school
health as well.
Answer: TRUE
114) The demonstration projects of the 1920s and 1930s showed that habits could be changed
and health improved through health education.
Answer: TRUE
115) Results of The School Health Education Study, conducted by Dr. Elena M. Sliepcevich,
were very positive and demonstrated that health education could change health behaviors.
Answer: FALSE
116) Comprehensive school health education refers to the development and delivery of a
planned, sequential, effective school health instruction program.
Answer: TRUE
117) Comprehensive school health education is the curricular component of the coordinated
school health program.
Answer: TRUE
118) There is currently a process for school health education teachers to become nationally
certified teachers.
Answer: TRUE
119) It is anticipated that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will create expanded
opportunities for health education specialists to promote health.
Answer: TRUE
120) Discuss specific examples of how health beliefs and practices have changed from earliest
humans to present day.
121) Describe two examples of the earliest efforts at health education.
122) Discuss the contributions of Hippocrates to health education and epidemiology.
123) What contributions did the Romans make to the field of public health?
124) Compare and contrast what it might have been like to live through a plague epidemic of the
Middle Ages and the HIV/AIDS epidemic of today.
125) Why did the profession of health education finally begin to emerge in the mid-1800s and
why did it not emerge prior to that time?
126) Identify and describe three governmental documents that have been important to the field of
health promotion and education.
127) was important to the history of both school health and public health.
113) was critical in the development of public health and provided strong support for school
health as well.
Answer: TRUE
114) The demonstration projects of the 1920s and 1930s showed that habits could be changed
and health improved through health education.
Answer: TRUE
115) Results of The School Health Education Study, conducted by Dr. Elena M. Sliepcevich,
were very positive and demonstrated that health education could change health behaviors.
Answer: FALSE
116) Comprehensive school health education refers to the development and delivery of a
planned, sequential, effective school health instruction program.
Answer: TRUE
117) Comprehensive school health education is the curricular component of the coordinated
school health program.
Answer: TRUE
118) There is currently a process for school health education teachers to become nationally
certified teachers.
Answer: TRUE
119) It is anticipated that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will create expanded
opportunities for health education specialists to promote health.
Answer: TRUE
120) Discuss specific examples of how health beliefs and practices have changed from earliest
humans to present day.
121) Describe two examples of the earliest efforts at health education.
122) Discuss the contributions of Hippocrates to health education and epidemiology.
123) What contributions did the Romans make to the field of public health?
124) Compare and contrast what it might have been like to live through a plague epidemic of the
Middle Ages and the HIV/AIDS epidemic of today.
125) Why did the profession of health education finally begin to emerge in the mid-1800s and
why did it not emerge prior to that time?
126) Identify and describe three governmental documents that have been important to the field of
health promotion and education.
127) was important to the history of both school health and public health.
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16
128) Identify four events that were important to the development of school health education in
the United States and explain their specific contributions.
129) Explain the concept of a coordinated school health program.
130) Discuss what it means to health promotion and education professionals to have the Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) Policy Review Committee approve the creation of a new,
distinct classification for the occupation of health educator.
131) Describe the initiatives that have shaped school health education programs over the past ten
years.
132) Explain two key benefits anticipated by the passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act for consumers.
133) Discuss the role of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on prevention and how
that will impact the work of health education specialists.
128) Identify four events that were important to the development of school health education in
the United States and explain their specific contributions.
129) Explain the concept of a coordinated school health program.
130) Discuss what it means to health promotion and education professionals to have the Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) Policy Review Committee approve the creation of a new,
distinct classification for the occupation of health educator.
131) Describe the initiatives that have shaped school health education programs over the past ten
years.
132) Explain two key benefits anticipated by the passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act for consumers.
133) Discuss the role of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on prevention and how
that will impact the work of health education specialists.
Loading page 27...
1
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 3 Philosophical Foundations
1) The development of a well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that support the
bridge between
A) education and work.
B) esoteric and practice.
C) theory and practice.
D) practice and patience.
Answer: C
2) Which one of the following is not included in the topics studied by a philosopher in an
academic setting?
A) Aesthetics
B) Metaphysics
C) Ethics and logic
D) Astrology
Answer: D
3) Convictions, ideas, learning, values, experiences, and attitudes in the areas applicable to life
are the building blocks that make up a
A) viewpoint.
B) philosophy.
C) probability.
D) notion.
Answer: B
4) Which of the following is the literal meaning of the term philosophy?
A) The love of wisdom
B) The nature of the world
C) The love of opinion
D) One who seeks reality
Answer: A
5) Using slogans to identify products is analogous to knowing a person’s philosophy by
analyzing the person’s
A) sayings (quotes).
B) hearing and voice quality.
C) ability to read.
D) occupation.
Answer: A
Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7e (Cottrell et al.)
Chapter 3 Philosophical Foundations
1) The development of a well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that support the
bridge between
A) education and work.
B) esoteric and practice.
C) theory and practice.
D) practice and patience.
Answer: C
2) Which one of the following is not included in the topics studied by a philosopher in an
academic setting?
A) Aesthetics
B) Metaphysics
C) Ethics and logic
D) Astrology
Answer: D
3) Convictions, ideas, learning, values, experiences, and attitudes in the areas applicable to life
are the building blocks that make up a
A) viewpoint.
B) philosophy.
C) probability.
D) notion.
Answer: B
4) Which of the following is the literal meaning of the term philosophy?
A) The love of wisdom
B) The nature of the world
C) The love of opinion
D) One who seeks reality
Answer: A
5) Using slogans to identify products is analogous to knowing a person’s philosophy by
analyzing the person’s
A) sayings (quotes).
B) hearing and voice quality.
C) ability to read.
D) occupation.
Answer: A
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2
6) Loren Bensley describes a philosophy as
A) a synthesis of all learning that makes you who you are.
B) an abstract statement of one’s actions.
C) a beacon that provides guidance for a career choice.
D) a continuous state of experiences.
Answer: A
7) Select the phrase that does not describe philosophy.
A) A wisdom of the nature of things
B) A comprehension of nature and of reality
C) A body of knowledge that defines the parameters for the living and the dead
D) An integration of the past, present, and future into a coherent whole that is a guide through
life
Answer: C
8) A philosophy that is synchronous means the philosophical viewpoint a person holds is
applicable
A) in all aspects of life.
B) only at work and at school.
C) only at leisure.
D) only at home, at school, and in the workplace.
Answer: A
9) The practice former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop used to demonstrate his belief that
HIV/AIDS was a health problem and not a moral issue was to
A) deny education about infected body fluids.
B) disseminate needles to inner city addicts.
C) limit condom use for sexually active couples.
D) deny education about high risk behaviors for the infection of HIV.
Answer: B
10) Tamayose et al. found that the two most cited reasons students chose a career in public health
were
A) enjoyment of the profession and the potential for high salaries.
B) providing a service to other and the work conditions.
C) enjoyment of the profession and providing a service to others.
D) the opportunity for advancement and working conditions.
Answer: C
11) Which of the following factors was not found to have a major influence on students to pursue
a career in public health?
A) Commitment to health improvement
B) Income potential
C) Community service to others
D) Enjoyment of the profession
Answer: B
6) Loren Bensley describes a philosophy as
A) a synthesis of all learning that makes you who you are.
B) an abstract statement of one’s actions.
C) a beacon that provides guidance for a career choice.
D) a continuous state of experiences.
Answer: A
7) Select the phrase that does not describe philosophy.
A) A wisdom of the nature of things
B) A comprehension of nature and of reality
C) A body of knowledge that defines the parameters for the living and the dead
D) An integration of the past, present, and future into a coherent whole that is a guide through
life
Answer: C
8) A philosophy that is synchronous means the philosophical viewpoint a person holds is
applicable
A) in all aspects of life.
B) only at work and at school.
C) only at leisure.
D) only at home, at school, and in the workplace.
Answer: A
9) The practice former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop used to demonstrate his belief that
HIV/AIDS was a health problem and not a moral issue was to
A) deny education about infected body fluids.
B) disseminate needles to inner city addicts.
C) limit condom use for sexually active couples.
D) deny education about high risk behaviors for the infection of HIV.
Answer: B
10) Tamayose et al. found that the two most cited reasons students chose a career in public health
were
A) enjoyment of the profession and the potential for high salaries.
B) providing a service to other and the work conditions.
C) enjoyment of the profession and providing a service to others.
D) the opportunity for advancement and working conditions.
Answer: C
11) Which of the following factors was not found to have a major influence on students to pursue
a career in public health?
A) Commitment to health improvement
B) Income potential
C) Community service to others
D) Enjoyment of the profession
Answer: B
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3
12) The philosophy that health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, and
that each is just as important as the others is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.
Answer: D
13) The philosophy that the human is a unified integrated organism is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) eclectic.
D) symmetry.
Answer: A
14) The philosophy that is visualized as the integration of the spiritual, intellectual, physical,
emotional, environmental, and social dimensions of health is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.
Answer: C
15) Which of the following health education specialists believes in mentorship?
A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: C
16) Which of the following health education specialists believes that the expression of health is a
starting point for professional interacting, education, and enhancement of health?
A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: B
17) Who is the leading health education specialist who describes health education as that which
promotes, maintains, and improves individual and community health through the educational
process?
A) John Allegrante
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: A
12) The philosophy that health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, and
that each is just as important as the others is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.
Answer: D
13) The philosophy that the human is a unified integrated organism is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) eclectic.
D) symmetry.
Answer: A
14) The philosophy that is visualized as the integration of the spiritual, intellectual, physical,
emotional, environmental, and social dimensions of health is termed
A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.
Answer: C
15) Which of the following health education specialists believes in mentorship?
A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: C
16) Which of the following health education specialists believes that the expression of health is a
starting point for professional interacting, education, and enhancement of health?
A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: B
17) Who is the leading health education specialist who describes health education as that which
promotes, maintains, and improves individual and community health through the educational
process?
A) John Allegrante
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: A
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4
18) Who is the leading health education specialist who believes health education programming
includes inter-sectoral cooperation, coalition-building, and networking?
A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: C
19) Who is the leading health education specialist who believes that the most fundamental
outcome of health education is the enabling of individuals to achieve a level of freedom,
avoiding unnecessary encumbrances to make enlightened choices?
A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) John Allegrante
Answer: B
20) One way that a philosophy is not formed is by
A) considering both the advantages and disadvantages of certain actions.
B) learning from mentors and role models.
C) learning about the experiences of friends and relatives.
D) experiencing every aspect of life.
Answer: D
21) Which one of the following was not a common theme of the individual philosophy of leading
health education specialists outlined in the text?
A) Development of the individual’s potential
B) Free choice
C) Learning experiences that enhance decision making
D) Health is a constant.
Answer: D
22) Which of the following was not suggested in the chapter as being useful in the development
of a professional philosophy?
A) Construct a list of your personal values and beliefs
B) Define what health means to you
C) Examine the attributions of people you admire
D) Examine the mission statements of corporations
Answer: D
23) Which of the following questions is not used to formulate a personal philosophy for a health
education specialist?
A) What are my ideals?
B) How do my values influence the way I act?
C) What principles influence my friend’s decisions?
D) What factors help shape reality for me?
Answer: C
18) Who is the leading health education specialist who believes health education programming
includes inter-sectoral cooperation, coalition-building, and networking?
A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis
Answer: C
19) Who is the leading health education specialist who believes that the most fundamental
outcome of health education is the enabling of individuals to achieve a level of freedom,
avoiding unnecessary encumbrances to make enlightened choices?
A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) John Allegrante
Answer: B
20) One way that a philosophy is not formed is by
A) considering both the advantages and disadvantages of certain actions.
B) learning from mentors and role models.
C) learning about the experiences of friends and relatives.
D) experiencing every aspect of life.
Answer: D
21) Which one of the following was not a common theme of the individual philosophy of leading
health education specialists outlined in the text?
A) Development of the individual’s potential
B) Free choice
C) Learning experiences that enhance decision making
D) Health is a constant.
Answer: D
22) Which of the following was not suggested in the chapter as being useful in the development
of a professional philosophy?
A) Construct a list of your personal values and beliefs
B) Define what health means to you
C) Examine the attributions of people you admire
D) Examine the mission statements of corporations
Answer: D
23) Which of the following questions is not used to formulate a personal philosophy for a health
education specialist?
A) What are my ideals?
B) How do my values influence the way I act?
C) What principles influence my friend’s decisions?
D) What factors help shape reality for me?
Answer: C
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Subject
Healthcare