Test Bank for Auditing and Assurance Services, 17th Edition

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1
Auditing and Assurance Services, 17e (Arens/Elder/Beasley)
Chapter 1 The Demand for Audit and Other Assurance Services
1.1 Learning Objective 1-1
1) In the auditing process,
A) the types and amounts of evidence remain constant from audit to audit.
B) the criteria for evaluating information will not vary depending on the information being
audited.
C) the audit report communicates the auditor's findings to users.
D) records are gathered by the auditor to determine whether the audited information is stated in
accordance with SEC standards.
Answer: C
Terms: Audit process
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) Which of the following is considered audit evidence?
A)
Oral statements
made by management
Written
Communications
Auditor
Observations
Y N N
B)
Oral statements
made by management
Written
Communications
Auditor
Observations
N Y Y
C)
Oral statements
made by management
Written
Communications
Auditor
Observations
Y Y Y
D)
Oral statements
made by management
Written
Communications
Auditor
Observations
N N Y
Answer: C
Terms: Audit evidence
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking

2
3) Which of the following can be used as a criterion for evaluating information being audited?
A) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
B) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
C) Internal Revenue Code (IRC)
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Terms: Criteria by which an auditor evaluates information
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) Auditors do not provide which of the following?
A) assurance on financial statements
B) assurance on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting
C) assurance on corporate sustainability reports
D) absolute assurance on the financial statements including assuming responsibility for them
Answer: D
Terms: Nature of Objectives of Auditing
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
5) The accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on
the degree of correspondence between the information and some established criteria is defined as
A) accounting.
B) financial reporting.
C) tax reporting.
D) auditing.
Answer: D
Terms: Definition of auditing
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
6) The criteria by which an auditor evaluates the information under audit may vary with the
information being audited.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Criteria by which an auditor evaluates information
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking

3
7) One criterion used by an external auditor to evaluate published financial statements is known
as generally accepted auditing standards.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Criteria used by external auditor to evaluate published financial statements
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
8) Auditors strive to maintain a high level of independence to keep the confidence of users
relying on their reports.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Independence
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
9) To perform an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some criteria by
which the auditor can evaluate the information.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Independence
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
10) An auditor must be competent and have an independent mental attitude.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Criteria used by external auditor to evaluate published financial statements
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
11) Auditors are not allowed and should not audit subjective information like the effectiveness
of computer controls or the efficiency of manufacturing-related operations.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Information and Established Criteria for the Performance of Audits
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
12) In an audit of internal controls over financial reporting, the auditor may rely upon Internal
Control - Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Information and Established Criteria for the Performance of Audits
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking

4
13) In circumstances where the auditor is being asked to audit subjective types of information,
typically, the auditor and the entities being audited should agree in writing about the criteria
being audited after the audit starts.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Information and Established Criteria for the Performance of Audits
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
14) Evidence is paramount to audit and attestation engagements. List the four basic types of audit
evidence.
Answer: The four types of audit and attestation evidence include
1. Electronic and documentary data about transactions
2. Written and electronic communications with outsiders
3. Observations by the auditor
4. Oral testimony of the auditee (client)
Terms: Basic types of audit evidence
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
1.2 Learning Objective 1-2
1) Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events in a logical manner for the purpose
of providing financial information for decision making is commonly called
A) finance.
B) auditing.
C) accounting.
D) economics.
Answer: C
Terms: Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) An accountant
A) must possess expertise in the accumulation of audit evidence.
B) must decide the number and types of items to test.
C) must have an understanding of the principles and rules that provide the basis for preparing the
accounting information.
D) must be a CPA.
Answer: C
Terms: Distinguishes auditors from accountants
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking

5
3) When auditing accounting data, auditors focus on
A) determining whether recorded information properly reflects the economic events that
occurred during the accounting period.
B) determining if fraud has occurred.
C) determining if taxable income has been calculated correctly.
D) analyzing the financial information to be sure that it complies with government requirements.
Answer: A
Terms: Auditing financial accounting data primary concern
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) The trait that distinguishes auditors from accountants is the
A) auditor's ability to interpret accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
B) auditor's education beyond the bachelor's degree.
C) auditor's ability to interpret FASB Statements.
D) auditor's expertise in the accumulation and the interpretation of audit evidence.
Answer: D
Terms: Distinguishes auditors from accountants
Difficulty: Challenging
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
5) Auditors focus on determining whether recorded information properly reflects the economic
events that occurred during the accounting period.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Roles of accountants and auditors
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
6) Both accountants and auditors must possess expertise in the accumulation and interpretation
of audit evidence.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Roles of accountants and auditors
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
7) Accountants are not directly responsible for developing a system that ensures the entity's
economic events are properly recorded on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Roles of accountants and auditors
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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6
8) Financial statement users do not confuse auditing with accounting any longer.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Roles of accountants and auditors
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
9) Discuss the differences and similarities between the roles of accountants and auditors. What
additional expertise must an auditor possess beyond that of an accountant?
Answer: The role of accountants is to record, classify, and summarize economic events in a
logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making. To
provide relevant information, accountants must have a thorough understanding of the principles
and rules that provide the basis for preparing the accounting information. In addition,
accountants must develop a system to ensure that the entity's economic events are properly
recorded on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost.
The role of auditors is to determine whether the recorded information prepared by accountants
properly reflects the economic events that occurred during the accounting period. Because U.S.
or international accounting standards provide the criteria for evaluating whether financial
information is properly recorded, auditors must thoroughly understand those accounting
standards. In addition to understanding accounting, the auditor must possess expertise in the
accumulation and interpretation of audit evidence. It is this expertise that distinguishes auditors
from accountants. Determining the proper audit procedures, deciding the number and types of
items to test, and evaluating the results are unique to the auditor.
Terms: Roles of accountants and auditors
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-2
AACSB: Reflective thinking
1.3 Learning Objective 1-3
1) ________ risk reflects the possibility that the information upon which the business decision
was made was inaccurate.
A) Client acceptance
B) Information
C) Business
D) Control
Answer: B
Terms: Risk that reflects the possibility that information upon which business risk decision was
made
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-3
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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2) The possibility that a business may not be able to repay a bank loan because of an economic
downturn is referred to as
A) materiality risk.
B) information risk.
C) interest rate risk.
D) business risk.
Answer: D
Terms: Business risk
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-3
AACSB: Reflective thinking
3) A bank loan officer is trying to decide whether the bank should make a loan to a particular
company. The interest rate the bank will charge the company is determined by many factors.
Which of the following factors is influenced by the auditor's report?
A) the risk-free interest rate risk
B) information risk
C) the business risk for/of the customer
D) All of the above are influenced by the auditor's report.
Answer: B
Terms: Interest rate risk/factor influenced by auditor's report
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-3
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) Auditing can have a significant effect on both information risk and business risk.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Business risk and information risk
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-3
AACSB: Reflective thinking
1.4 Learning Objective 1-4
1) A correct relationship among the auditor, the client, and the external users is
A) management of a public company hires the independent auditor.
B) the audit committee of a private company hires the independent auditor.
C) the client provides capital to the external users.
D) the external users can rely upon the auditor's report to reduce information risk.
Answer: D
Terms: Relationships among auditor, client, and external users
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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2) The most common way for users to obtain reliable information is to
A) have an internal audit.
B) have an independent audit.
C) verify all information individually.
D) verify the information with management.
Answer: B
Terms: Obtain reliable information
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
3) External users of the financial statements
A) value the auditor's report because of the auditor's independence from the client.
B) look to the auditor's report as an indication of the statements' reliability.
C) use the audited information on the assumption that it is reasonably complete, accurate, and
unbiased.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Terms: Relationships among auditor, client, and external users
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) Which of the following is not a cause of information risk?
A) Society, today, is not as complex as it used to be.
B) Remoteness of information.
C) The volume and the complexity of data and exchange transactions.
D) The biases and the motives of the information provider.
Answer: A
Terms: Causes of Information Risk
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
5) Large businesses, especially, have the ability to reduce information risk. Which of the
following is not a way for a large business to reduce information risk?
A) Paying higher interest rates on loans.
B) The user verifies the information they need by any possible means.
C) The user of information shares information risk with management.
D) Having an independent audit performed of the financial statements.
Answer: A
Terms: Causes of Information Risk
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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9
6) As society becomes more complex, decision makers are more likely to receive reliable
information.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Reducing information risk
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
7) Management is required by GAAP to reduce information risk, even if the costs outweigh the
benefits.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Reducing information risk
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
8) Explain what is meant by information risk, and list the four causes of this risk.
Answer: Information risk reflects the possibility that the information upon which the business
risk decision was made was inaccurate. Four causes of information risk are
• remoteness of information,
• biases and motives of the provider,
• voluminous data, and
• complex exchange transactions.
Terms: Information risk definition and causes
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-4
AACSB: Reflective thinking
1.5 Learning Objective 1-5
1) In the audit of historical financial statements, management asserts that the financial statements
are fairly stated in accordance with what standards?
A) regulatory accounting principles
B) applicable international accounting standards
C) applicable U.S. accounting standards
D) B and C
Answer: D
Terms: Audit of historical financial statements
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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10
2) Any service that requires a CPA firm to issue a report about the reliability of an assertion that
is made by another party is a(n)
A) accounting and bookkeeping service.
B) attestation service.
C) assurance service.
D) tax service.
Answer: B
Terms: Assurance services
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
3) Three common types of attestation services are
A) audits of historical financial statements, reviews of historical financial statements, and audits
of internal control over financial reporting.
B) audits of historical financial information, verifications of historical financial information, and
attestations regarding internal controls.
C) reviews of historical financial information, verifications of future financial information, and
attestations regarding internal controls.
D) audits of historical financial information, reviews of controls related to investments, and
verifications of historical financial information.
Answer: A
Terms: Types of attestation services
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) Which of the following services provides the lowest level of assurance on a financial
statement?
A) review
B) audit
C) Neither service provides assurance on financial statements.
D) Each service provides the same level of assurance on financial statements.
Answer: A
Terms: Service provides lowest level of assurance on a financial statement
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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11
5) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding assurance services?
A) Assurance services must be performed by a CPA.
B) An attestation service is not a type of assurance service.
C) Assurance services improve the quality of information for decision makers.
D) Assurance services can only be performed on financial data.
Answer: C
Terms: Assurance services
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
6) Audits
A) are an assurance service, but not an attestation service.
B) are designed to provide absolute assurance that the financial statements are free of material
misstatement.
C) are required for publicly traded companies in the United States.
D) do not require the auditor to express their opinion in a written report.
Answer: C
Terms: Audit assurance
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
7) A high, but not absolute, level of assurance is called
A) probable assurance.
B) reasonable assurance.
C) limited assurance.
D) incomplete assurance.
Answer: B
Terms: Reasonable assurance
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
8) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the various types of other assurance
services?
A) Assurance services must be about the reliability of another party's assertion about compliance
with specified criteria.
B) Other assurance services must meet the definition of an attestation service.
C) The primary purpose of a management consulting engagement is to improve the quality of
information.
D) The market for other forms of assurance services is open to non-CPA competitors.
Answer: D
Terms: Assurance services
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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12
9) CPA firms are never allowed to provide bookkeeping services for clients.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: CPA services provided to clients
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
10) Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to have an external auditor
attest to their internal control over financial reporting.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
11) Most public companies' audited financial statements are available on the SEC's EDGAR
database.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Public companies' audited financial statements: SEC's EDGAR database
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
12) The primary purpose of a management consulting engagement is to generate a
recommendation to management.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Nonassurance services provided by CPAs; management consulting
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
13) The primary purpose of a management consulting engagement is to generate a
recommendation to management.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Nonassurance services provided by CPAs; management consulting
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
14) Audits and some types of attestation services are no longer limited by regulation to licensed
CPAs.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Who can provide audits and certain types of attestation services
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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13
15) Evaluating internal controls at third-party service providers, such as cloud computing
suppliers, is not an attestation type of service which a CPA is allowed to perform today.
Answer: FALSE
Terms: Who can provide other types of attestation services
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
16) It is increasingly important for companies to ask their third-party service provider of
services, including payroll and other types of transaction processing, for attestation reports
covering a review of the effectiveness of internal controls in place at the third-party service
provider.
Answer: TRUE
Terms: Who can provide other types of attestation services
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
17) Two types of attestation services provided by CPA firms are audits and reviews. Discuss the
similarities and differences between these two types of attestation services. Which type provides
the least assurance?
Answer: In both the review and audit of the historical financial statements, management asserts
that the statements are fairly stated in accordance with accounting standards. The CPA provides
a lower level of assurance for reviews of financial statements compared to the high level for
audits, therefore less evidence is needed. A review is often adequate to meet financial statement
users' needs. It can be provided by a CPA firm at a much lower fee than an audit because less
evidence is needed.
An audit is the most common assurance service provided by CPA firms. Publicly traded
companies in the U.S. are required to have audits under the federal securities acts. Many
nonpublic companies have a review to limit audit fees.
Terms: Attestation services; Audits and reviews of historical financial statements
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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14
18) What is an audit of internal control over financial reporting?
Answer: For an audit of internal control over financial reporting, management asserts that
internal controls have been developed and implemented following well established criteria.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to report management's
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control. The Act also requires auditors for larger
public companies to attest to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. This
evaluation, which is integrated with the audit of financial statements, increases user confidence
about future financial reporting, because effective internal controls reduce the likelihood of
future misstatements in the financial statements.
Terms: Engagement to attest on internal control over financial reporting
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
19) What are the four categories of attestation services?
Answer: The four categories of attestation services include
• Audit of historical financial statements
• Audit of internal control over financial reporting
• Review of historical financial statements
• Other attestation services that may be applied to a broad range of subject matter.
Terms: Categories of attestation services
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking
20) CPA firms perform numerous services that generally fall outside the scope of assurance
services. Give three examples of such services.
Answer: Three specific examples of services performed by CPAs that generally fall outside the
scope of assurance services are
• accounting and bookkeeping services
• tax services
• management and consulting services.
Terms: Nonassurance services provided by CPAs
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: LO 1-5
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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15
1.6 Learning Objective 1-6
1) One objective of an operational audit is to
A) determine whether the financial statements fairly present the entity's operations.
B) determine if the auditee is in compliance with GAAP.
C) make recommendations for improving performance.
D) report on the entity's relative success in attaining profit maximization.
Answer: C
Terms: Objective of operational audit
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-6
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) An examination of part of an organization's procedures and methods for the purpose of
evaluating efficiency and effectiveness is what type of audit?
A) operational audit
B) compliance audit
C) financial statement audit
D) production audit
Answer: A
Terms: Examination of part of an organization's procedures and method to evaluate efficiency
and effectiveness
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-6
AACSB: Reflective thinking
3) An audit to determine whether an entity is following specific procedures or rules set down by
some higher authority is classified as a(n)
A) audit of financial statements.
B) compliance audit.
C) operational audit.
D) production audit.
Answer: B
Terms: Audit to determine whether entity followed specific procedures or rules
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: LO 1-6
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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