Test Bank for Creative Thinking and Arts-Based Learning: Preschool Through Fourth Grade, 7th Edition

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Creative Thinking & Arts-Based Learning 7e (Isenberg/Jalongo)
Chapter 1 Understanding Children's Creative Thought and Expression
1) Children are creative when they:
A) answer all questions correctly
B) express themselves in inventive, symbolic ways
C) recognize words and symbols at an early age
D) speak fluently by the age of two
E) copy teacher's actions
Answer: B
2) Sternberg's (2008) triarchic theory of intelligence, defines creative thought as the ability to:
A) generate ideas
B) analyze which ideas are worth pursuing
C) implement ideas
D) convince others of the value or our ideas
Answer: A
3) Which classical theorist contended that learning is fundamentally cultural and interactive in
nature?
A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Jung
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lev Vygotsky
E) Abraham Maslow
Answer: D
4) Contemporary experts view creativity as a ________ constructed trait.
A) culturally
B) cognitively
C) personally
D) socially
E) theoretically
Answer: D
5) Cognitive dimensions of creativity include the following except:
A) fluency
B) flexibility/adaptability
C) curiosity
D) originality
E) elaboration
Answer: C

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6) A mistake commonly made by teachers of young children is:
A) being overly influenced by socially desirable behavior
B) confusing measures of intelligence with measures of creativity
C) being overly influenced by the child's rate of development
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: D
7) Which of the following types of activities stimulate creative thought?
A) Coloring in pre-printed pages
B) Inventing a robot puppet from recycled materials
C) Reading a book about a topic related to history
D) Drawing a picture from a teacher's model
Answer: B
8) ________ is a creative trait that refers to the ability to generate many ideas or possible
solutions to a problem.
A) Originality
B) Fluency
C) Flexibility
D) Elaboration
E) Originality and flexibility
Answer: B
9) Characteristics related to creative genius are:
A) the ability to become absorbed in an activity
B) responsiveness to internal and external stimuli
C) lack of inhibition
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: D
10) According to the text, in order for children to feel free to express themselves creatively, they
need to acquire a sense of:
A) Verbal fluency
B) Creativity and originality
C) Psychological safety and psychological freedom
D) Involvement
E) Internal order
Answer: C

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11) Which of the following creative thinking traits are often treated as misbehavior or disrespect
when exhibited by students from low socioeconomic backgrounds?
A) low tolerance for boredom
B) excitement and involvement with new designs, music, or ideas
C) aggressive and loud use of voice
D) high convergent thinking
E) A and B
Answer: E
12) One of the four key points about the way creativity develops is that:
A) creativity emerges in isolation and is not dependent upon the environment
B) important relationships exist between creativity and culture, especially in the early years
C) creative development is mediated by any artifact and is not specific to contextual domains
D) both adults and children share in the same culture of creativity
Answer: B
13) All of the following are observable characteristics of children's creative thought processes
except:
A) formulates hypotheses and conducts trials to test the ideas
B) enjoys thinking and working independently
C) asks few questions
D) are capable of tolerating ambiguity as they explore ideas
E) tries to bring order out of chaos by organizing their environment
Answer: C
14) The SCAMPER strategy was originally developed by Osborn (1948/1972) and elaborated on
by Barnes (2002). The acronym SCAMPER stands for:
A) substitute, combine, adapt, modify, magnify, minify, put to other uses, eliminate, reverse,
rearrange
B) state, clarify, advance, motivate, participate, estimate, retain, restate
C) simplify, calculate, articulate, manage, mediate, perfect, elaborate, record
D) seek information, circulate, allow for choices, maintain, produce, emphasize, recognize
Answer: A
15) A preschool teacher wants to support children's creativity and play in her classroom. How
can she provide these opportunities for them?
A) Designate time in the daily schedule for free play, centers, and other activities that will allow
children to follow their interests.
B) Take the children to the playground for recess.
C) Schedule ample time for large group and circle time activities.
D) Purchase pre-made centers and let the children play when they have time.
Answer: A

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16) During language arts, a fourth-grade teacher notices students struggling with organizing
information related to story elements. What is one effective way the teacher can help students
better organize story elements and related details?
A) Let the students create ways to organize the information.
B) Distribute copies of different graphic organizers and allow students to choose the best one.
C) Model the use of appropriate graphic organizers and allow students to build independence in
their use.
D) Allow the students to discuss the story elements in small groups
Answer: C
17) A teacher wants to incorporate more creativity into a lesson on community helpers for
kindergarten children. Which of the following strategies would be an effective way of
accomplishing this goal?
A) Show students a virtual field trip highlighting community helpers.
B) Invite guest speakers who serve as community helpers.
C) Have the students research the roles of community helpers.
D) Allow the students to dress and re-enact the roles of various community helpers.
Answer: D
18) A new kindergarten teacher asks a veteran teacher how to create a classroom environment
that supports creativity. What is the most helpful advice the veteran teacher can offer?
A) "Develop centers based on the letters and numbers and include worksheets at each station."
B) "Organize your classroom by learning centers and include play, art, music, and drawing."
C) "Wait a year until you get a better feel for what you want to do."
D) "Set up a classroom library with books students will enjoy."
Answer: B
19) Which of the following activities qualifies as an opportunity for children to be creative in
second grade?
A) Children are given a pattern for a puppet to color, cut out, and paste.
B) A teacher demonstrates how to make a card for Presidents' Day by tracing around silhouettes
of past presidents and encourages everyone to produce a card exactly like the one he produced.
C) Children work in groups to design sets and simple costumes to use as they perform familiar
stories for a kindergarten class.
D) Children use computer clip art to make an illustrated book.
Answer: C

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20) A father's job requires frequent airline travel and his wife and son, Roberto, often accompany
him to the terminal to see him off or pick him up. During a lesson on transportation, the children
are discussing a picture of an airplane in a book the teacher is reading to them. Many children are
commenting about the size of the plane and their personal experiences riding in one. Roberto
immediately starts questions including: "How do they get something so heavy to go up?" "What
if there is a big storm and the plane is in the sky?", "What if something breaks?", "What if they
run out of gas?" Robert's thinking is an example of:
A) Kinesthetic intelligence
B) Possibility thinking
C) Fantasy
D) Intrapersonal intelligence
Answer: B
21) A first-grade teacher presents her lessons on addition concepts in several ways to
accommodate to the children's ways of "showing what they know and can do." She includes: a
rap/chant about addition, small group practice with math manipulatives, and a cumulative story
in which one character is added to the group on each page. Which theorist would most clearly
support such practices?
A) Alfred Adler
B) Jean Piaget
C) Howard Gardner
D) Lev Vygotsky
Answer: C
22) After reading a story about a frog and a toad, a first grade class began to discuss similarities
and differences of toads and frogs. To help the students make a comparison the teacher could use
a:
A) Venn Diagram
B) Sequence Chart
C) Concept Map
D) Cause and Effect Diagram
Answer: A
23) Creative potential refers to an individual's capacity for behaving in creative ways and
includes:
A) cognitive abilities
B) cognitive processes
C) individual dispositions
D) all of the above
Answer: D
24) What type of questions stimulate possibility thinking?
A) Who
B) Where
C) What if
D) When
Answer: C

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25) When children engage in possibility thinking more frequently and are encouraged to
experience new and atypical solutions they become:
A) more confident in their ability to solve problems
B) more adept at possibility thinking
C) acquire the habit of thinking creatively
D) all of the above
Answer: D
26) Use the following choices to answer the the items below.
A. original
B. appropriate and relevant
C. fluent
D. flexible
E. all of these
1. ________ Creative behavior that results in many new meaningful forms.
2. ________ Creative behavior that has a low probability of occurrence.
3. ________ Creative behavior that meets the goals of the person who produced it.
4. ________ Creative behavior that explores and uses nontraditional approaches to problem
solving.
5. ________ The components of creative behavior.
Answer: 1. C, 2. A, 3. B, 4. D, 5. E
27) Use the following choices to answer the items below.
A. imagination
B. fantasy
C. A and B
D. psychological freedom
E. psychological safety
F. D and E
1. ________ The ability to form rich and varied mental images or concepts of people, places,
things, and situations which are not present.
2. ________ The ability to create mental images or concepts which have little similarity to the
real world.
3. ________ Explores the impossible or make-believe; the "what-if" situation.
4. ________ An intuitive sense of what might be or what something might become.
5. ________ Experts believe this peaks during early childhood.
6. ________ Carl Rogers' conditions for creative growth.
7. ________ The external environment that adults provide for children's creative growth.
8. ________ The internal environment, such as the child's self-esteem or confidence.
Answer: 1. A, 2. B, 3. B, 4. C, 5. C, 6. F, 7. E, 8. D

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28) Use the following choices to answer the items below.
A. preparation or brainstorming
B. incubation
C. illumination
D. verification/communication
1. ________ The mind begins to formulate and work on a problem.
2. ________ Sudden insight, selecting some ideas, or arriving at a solution.
3. ________ The application of knowledge, skills and understanding to materials, objects,
problems or combinations these things.
4. ________ When the outcome of the creative process is shared with others.
5. ________ The product of creative thought is tested in terms of usefulness, completeness and
correctness.
Answer: 1. B, 2. C, 3. A, 4. D, 5. D
29) Use the following choices to answer the items below.
A. constructivist
B. humanistic theory
C. psychoanalytic theory
1. ________ The creative person is fully functioning, self-actualized, and courageous.
2. ________ Creativity is a way of compensating for perceived physical or psychological
inferiority.
3. ________ Creativity is a type of problem solving that depends on the child’s thinking
processes.
Answer: 1. B, 2. C, 3. A
30) For the items below, indicate whether the environment thwarts creativity or supports
creativity.
A. This practice tends to thwart creativity.
B. This practice tends to support creativity.
1. ________ An emphasis on competition
2. ________ Lavish praise on children's work
3. ________ Inflexible schedules
4. ________ Rewarding courage and accepting nonconformist behavior
5. ________ Accepting new ideas
6. ________ Set strict and limited timelines for project and artifact completion
7. ________ Seeking new approaches to problems
8. ________ Creating learning communities in classrooms
Answer: 1. A, 2. A, 3. A, 4. B, 5. B, 6. A, 7. B, 8. B

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31) Since children are newer to the world, their sensory impressions are particularly keen.
Answer: TRUE
32) A teacher should encourage rather than praise a child.
Answer: TRUE
33) According to Gardner, children are not as free in their thinking as adults are.
Answer: FALSE
34) Imagination and fantasy are components of creativity that generally peak during late years
for children.
Answer: FALSE
35) Giving children printed pictures to color/or cut out is recommended in order to foster their
creativity.
Answer: FALSE
36) By age 5, children's creative thinking is often "stalled."
Answer: TRUE
37) Divergent thinking means that there is one acceptable answer.
Answer: FALSE
38) Teachers often associate creativity with economic privilege.
Answer: TRUE
39) Creative responses and products must be relevant and capable of offering genuine solutions.
Answer: TRUE
40) Creative thought exists only inside the individual.
Answer: FALSE
41) High-achieving children, those who do well academically, are the most creative individuals.
Answer: FALSE
42) Teacher-directed art activities—such as providing the children with cut out shapes and
asking them to assemble a picture—stimulate creativity.
Answer: FALSE
43) Classrooms in which product is emphasized over process are generally more creative
environments.
Answer: FALSE
44) Lev Vygotsky (1933), a Russian theorist, has argued that learning is fundamentally a
cognitive activity.
Answer: FALSE

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45) The best way to teach an art lesson is for the teacher to provide young children with patterns
to trace or copy.
Answer: FALSE
46) Generally speaking, teachers who have learned to value the process as well as the product are
more likely to encourage creativity among their students.
Answer: TRUE
47) Behaviors associated with imagination and creativity in young children are often interpreted
negatively, discouraged, or even punished.
Answer: TRUE
48) The most effective way to foster creativity is to constantly praise children's work.
Answer: FALSE
49) One of the fundamental skills a child learns while developing creativity is that of self-
evaluation.
Answer: TRUE
50) In order for teachers to foster creativity in students, they should provide support and positive
feedback for problem finding, not just problem solving.
Answer: TRUE
51) Activities stimulate creative thought and problem solving when they enable children to
engage in teacher-directed work.
Answer: FALSE
52) Creativity is a mental and social process.
Answer: TRUE
53) According to social capital theory, social support is necessary to bring creativity to fruition.
Answer: TRUE
54) There are many observable characteristics of children's creative thought processes. List four
of them and provide real-life examples that may be found in the early childhood classroom.
55) The creative process has been traditionally conceptualized as having four stages. List and
explain the four stages. Give an example of each stage within an early childhood setting.
56) Creative thinking in children is both like and different from that of adults. Create a Venn
diagram to compare and contrast children's and adult's creative thinking. Then, use the Venn
diagram to write a paragraph and explain the similarities and differences.
57) Everyday understandings of creativity are full of contradictions. Describe two of these
contradictions and how you plan to eradicate them within your own classroom.

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58) One of the basic precepts of Lev Vygotsky's theory is the "zone of proximal development."
Explain what this phrase means. Give one example of an early childhood activity which supports
his view, one example of an early childhood activity which opposes his view, and how this
activity fosters creativity.
59) There is a gap between creative potential and creative behavior. Use social capital theory to
explain how two people could be born with the same creative potential but their creative
behavior might not develop along the same path.
60) Eleven teaching practices were described as promoting children's creativity. Describe 4 of
those teaching practices and provide examples of how you would cultivate them in an in early
childhood classroom.
61) Technology is an ever expanding resource for classroom teachers. Wikis and Blogs were
described for their potential in the classroom setting. Provide an example of a technologically
based activity or app and how you use it to promote creativity in an elementary school
classroom.

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Creative Thinking & Arts-Based Learning 7e (Isenberg/Jalongo)
Chapter 2 Supporting Children's Play, Games, and Inventions
1) Which type of play is characterized by using imagination to transform self and objects?
A) symbolic play
B) constructive play
C) games with rules
D) functional play
Answer: A
2) Classical theories of play include all of the following except:
A) practice
B) recreation/relaxation
C) surplus energy
D) recapitulation
E) psychoanalytic theory
Answer: E
3) A group of young children are called to the meeting area by their teacher and she leads them
in a finger play. Which type of play does this represent?
A) work disguised as play
B) child-initiated play, freely chosen
C) directed play
D) facilitative play
Answer: C
4) Play offers an opportunity to respect cultural diversity. The teacher needs to:
A) formally teach cultural differences before play begins
B) provide varied materials and books representing different cultures for children to explore
C) refrain from learning too much about a culture to avoid influencing the play
D) formally introduce children from other cultures into the classroom
Answer: B
5) Sociodramatic play:
A) is pursued in isolation
B) relies exclusively on nonverbal communication
C) is purely imitative
D) involves more than one child in verbal communication and interaction around a jointly-
elaborated sequence or theme.
Answer: D

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6) Play serves a vital role in children's social development because it:
A) Increases social competence
B) Allows them to practice communication skills
C) Allows them to take on other roles and points of view
D) Teaches them to share
E) All of the above
Answer: E
7) According to the text, play supports children's emotional development by all of the following
except:
A) Providing an outlet to express feelings
B) Teaching them to explore other roles
C) Providing a way to deal with powerful emotions
D) Sharing materials and experiences
E) Teaching them to control and suppress emotions
Answer: E
8) During the infant through toddler stage, children engage in:
A) Symbolic play
B) Sociodramatic play
C) Functional play
D) Constructive play
Answer: C
9) Teachers should intervene in children's play in all of the following situations except:
A) An argument or fight arises
B) A child is unable to accomplish an objective
C) When a task selected by the children appears to be too difficult or dangerous
D) A child asks for their participation
E) When children appear to be watching others play
Answer: E
10) When teachers provide feedback on a child's play activity, they are acting as a(n):
A) Responder
B) Mediator
C) Collaborator
D) Observer
E) Monitor
Answer: A

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11) Activities such as singing ABC songs, spelling games, and addition facts races are
considered ________ learning.
A) discovery
B) guided
C) reception
D) rote
E) repetitive
Answer: D
12) Group games, fingerplays, and directed story reenactment is considered ________ learning.
A) discovery
B) guided discovery
C) receptive
D) rote
E) repetitive
Answer: C
13) Which characteristic is not associated with play?
A) the child is in control
B) the child engages freely in pretend
C) stringent time constraints are placed on the activity
D) the activity is child-directed
Answer: C
14) This theorist emphasized the way children use play as a vehicle for social interaction and the
development of the social tool called language.
A) Piaget
B) Erikson
C) Freud
D) Vygotsky
E) Gesell
Answer: D
15) A first-grade teacher suggests to his team that recess should be replaced with additional
instructional time for letter recognition remediation activities. What does research show about
this suggestion?
A) Children do not need recess; they can play at home.
B) Learning letters is much more important than any physical skill.
C) Children need the physical activity offered during recess.
D) Fine motor skills are far more important than large motor skills in young children's
development.
Answer: C

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16) In order to model storytelling to her group of second graders, a teacher can:
A) Show a video of a celebrity reading the story
B) Play a video recording of the book's text
C) Tell the story using simple props
D) Read the story to the children using different voices for each character
Answer: C
17) Arturo, a third grader and ELL, appears to be disinterested in many of the picture books that
his teacher shares during class. How could his teacher offer support?
A) Send the books home and ask his parents to explain the stories to him.
B) Don't worry about the problem unless his grades fall.
C) Give him a copy of the story to read at home.
D) Build prior knowledge before sharing books, identify bilingual books (with the text written
both in English and in Spanish), incorporate stories from his Hispanic heritage, and allow him to
choose books that match his particular interests.
Answer: D
18) When reading a nonfiction book that relates to the fairy tale read in the basal reader, the
teacher is disappointed because her first-graders are not asking questions or showing excitement
about the material. What is an effective strategy the teacher can use to encourage more student
engagement?
A) Wait until the next day; maybe the children will be ready to discuss it later.
B) Pause periodically and ask the children to explain or "recap" what has happened thus far in
the story and to ask questions about anything that is unclear.
C) Tell the children to listen carefully and reread the story aloud very slowly to facilitate
understanding.
D) Stop reading the story until students are more engaged in the text.
Answer: B
19) A teacher is watching her preschoolers pretend to be cooks who are preparing food for other
children pretending to be servers and customers. She thinks this could be a good math learning
experience, so she stops the play and sets up a toy cash register. Her purpose is to teach the
children the numbers on the various play money coins and bills. Based on what you have read in
your text thus far, which of the following perspectives is most accurate?
A) This is a highly effective way to add a math objective into play.
B) The teacher has intervened to the extent that this activity is no longer play; it is a teacher-
directed lesson.
C) The teacher should omit pretend play in the daily schedule altogether and replace it with math
worksheets.
D) Teachers should always be an observer and remain on the sidelines when children are
engaged in spontaneous play.
Answer: B

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20) A group of third graders have been begging to play the new board games that were
purchased by the parent/teacher group for their classroom, but the teacher is unsure about how to
proceed because he doesn't think that a couple of the students would handle games well. What
should the teacher do?
A) Avoid using the games until the children in question are absent or working with an aide.
B) Organize the games from simple to complex, introduce them one at a time, demonstrate the
object and rules of each game, provide children with guided practice, and assign children to
small groups—based on their strengths and interests.
C) Reserve the games as a reward for the top students who have completed all of their work.
D) Store the board games on a high shelf and use them during indoor recess only.
Answer: B
21) Mia and Emmy are at the water table. Mia is pretending her boat is under attack by pirates.
Emmy is pretending to be in the kitchen washing dishes. Although both girls are playing at the
same location they are using the water in very different ways. What kind of play is this an
example of?
A) cooperative
B) associative
C) solitary
D) parallel
Answer: D
22) A four-year-old boy is playing by himself. He is pretending to be a doll's father and asks the
doll if he wants to go outside and play ball after lunch. Which classical theory of play best
explains this behavior?
A) surplus-energy
B) recreation/relaxation
C) practice
D) recapitulation
Answer: C
23) Since the early 1990s researchers focused on ________ has impacted beliefs and practices in
early childhood learning.
A) neuroscience
B) inquiry learning
C) the whole child as a learner
D) all of the above
Answer: D

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24) The creative arts include:
A) art
B) music
C) movement
D) dance
E) drama
F) storytelling
G) all of the above
Answer: G
25) Research on play shows that play helps children develop:
A) sophisticated classification skills
B) higher order thinking skills
C) the ability to use prior knowledge when constructing new understandings
D) all of the above
Answer: D
26) Some adaptations that teachers can make to include diverse learners in play include:
A) Providing many opportunities for dramatic play to offer group interactions and build comfort
among the peer group
B) Provide children with a script to help children understand the language of play
C) Create a separate activity for the children with developmental or language delays
D) Explain what is happening in the play setting
E) All of the above except for C
Answer: E
27) Use the following choices to answer the items below.
A. functional play
B. symbolic play
C. constructive play
D. games with rules
1. ________ Referred to as sensorimotor, practice, or exercise play.
2. ________ When the child focuses on a lasting end product.
3. ________ Fourth graders playing Monopoly or Scrabble.
4. ________ Used most frequently by preschoolers to create something according to a
preconceived plan.
5. ________ A group of kindergartners are playing veterinarian's office with stuffed toys as
patients.
6. ________ Infants grasping a mobile.
7. ________ A toddler pretends to drink from her empty cup.
8. ________ A type of play that depends on skills such as coordination, language, cooperation,
and competition.
9. ________ School-aged children playing marbles.
10. ________ Typical play of an infant who fills and empties a plastic milk bottle.
Answer: 1. A, 2. C, 3. D, 4. C, 5. B, 6. A, 7. B, 8. D, 9. D, 10. A

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28) Match each modern theorist with the correct description.
A. Vygotsky
B. Freud
C. Erickson
D. Bruner
E. Piaget
1. ________ Play develops self-esteem as children gain mastery of physical and social
skills.
2. ________ Children individually create their own knowledge about the world through
different types of play.
3. ________ Play is an important vehicle for emotional release.
4. ________ Play acts as a mental support that enables children to solve problems in new
ways (Zone of Proximal Development).
5. ________ Play promotes flexible thinking and creative problem solving.
Answer: 1. C, 2. E, 3. B, 4. A, 5. D
29) Match each play characteristic to the example it best describes below.
A. intrinsically motivated
B. symbolic
C. active
D. rule-bound
E. pleasurable
F. A and C
1. When children who are engaged in hospital play decide to use a toy stethoscope, use real
gauze for bandages, and write out prescriptions on a note pad, this illustrates the _________
characteristic of play.
2. If a group of kindergartners are at play and one says, "No! Robbers aren't supposed to get
away from the cops," this illustrates the _________ characteristic of play.
3. When children return to a favorite play theme over and over again, this is evidence that the
play is _________.
4. If a teacher assigns a play theme to children, it is no longer _________.
5. If a child uses one thing to stand for something else, such as a puzzle for a food tray, this
illustrates the _________ characteristic of play.
Answer: 1. F, 2. D, 3. E, 4. A, 5. B

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30) Match the level of social play to its description or example.
A. unoccupied behavior
B. onlooker behavior
C. solitary play
D. parallel play
E. associative play
F. cooperative play
G. A, B, and C
1. ________ Children play with each other in similar loosely organized activities; some
attempts made to control who may join the group.
2. ________ A child stands within speaking/hearing distance and observes, asks questions and
talks to other children but does not actually enter into play.
3. ________ A child simply watches the activity of others; tends to wander about aimlessly and
glance around the room.
4. ________ A child plays alongside or nearby another child; uses like toys but does not really
share.
5. ________ Children engage in complex, social organization with shared common goals
such as making a product, dramatizing a situation, or playing a formal game;
children take different roles and have a strong sense of belonging or not belonging to the group.
6. ________ A group of second graders playing kick ball or Red Rover.
7. ________ A level of play common in children who are newcomers to the group or culture.
8. ________ A level of play typical among infants or toddlers.
9. ________ A level of play common among school-age children.
10. ________ Type of play in which little direct involvement in another child's play takes place.
11. ________ The most socialized form of play.
12. ________ If two toddlers play side by side with blocks, this is play.
Answer: 1. E, 2. B, 3. A, 4. D, 5. F, 6. F, 7. B, 8. C, 9. F, 10. G, 11. F, 12. D

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31) Match the role of the teacher in play to the description or example.
A. observer
B. collaborator
C. planner
D. responder
E. model
F. mediator
1. ________ When John and Maria argue over a block, Mr. Tony steps in and helps the
children negotiate to solve the problem.
2. ________ Ms. Sonya comments on the Raya’s Lego car, “I see you have built a fast car with
your Legos.”
3. ________ In the home living area Mr. Garcia asks Reagan, “Please pass the milk.”
4. ________ Ms. Wanda notices that Grace is struggling with a complicated puzzle and is
getting frustrated.
5. ________ Mr. Gary joined the children in the block area when invited to play in a game by
the
children.
6. ________ Ms. Gemma places a magnifying glass and several small rocks and gems on a
table for
the children to explore during morning exploration.
Answer: 1. F, 2. D, 3. E, 4. A, 5. B, 6. C
32) Games and inventions teach little to help children attain valuable emotional skills.
Answer: FALSE
33) Play has little or no effect on developing social competencies in children.
Answer: FALSE
34) Dramatic play that involves more than one child and has verbal communication about the
play is called sociodramatic play.
Answer: TRUE
35) The teacher has responsibilities for play that encompass allocating time, providing play
materials, and functioning as a facilitator for children's play.
Answer: TRUE
36) Preschool children usually prefer competitive games.
Answer: FALSE
37) Children with special needs cannot be expected to participate in play activities.
Answer: FALSE
38) The recreation/relaxation theory of play suggests that play replenishes energy used during
work.
Answer: TRUE

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39) Playing with writing tools helps children to develop large motor control skills.
Answer: FALSE
40) Singing ABC songs is an example of work disguised as play.
Answer: TRUE
41) Play has a developmental sequence.
Answer: TRUE
42) Play contributes to all areas of children's development.
Answer: TRUE
43) Since play is purely a recreational activity for children, it has no significant impact on their
cognitive development.
Answer: FALSE
44) Much of the research on play shows its relationship to the development of children's ability
to relate to other cultures.
Answer: FALSE
45) Active play contributes to children's gross motor development.
Answer: TRUE
46) Games provide opportunities to learn and practice skills across all learning domains.
Answer: TRUE
47) As children mature and enter the primary grades, their play tends to focus more on games
with rules.
Answer: TRUE
48) For older children, the ability to use a reflective and analytical approach to language is
unrelated to their level of linguistic awareness and achievements.
Answer: FALSE
49) Teachers should assume a role that dominates the direction of children's play.
Answer: FALSE
50) Standards are statements that guide what children should know and be able to do in a given
content area at a given time.
Answer: TRUE
51) John Dewey, Patty Smith Hill, and Susan Isaacs were all strong advocates of play in the
early childhood classroom. Choose one of these leaders and describe his/her views and beliefs on
children and their play. Are these beliefs consistent with your views? Why or why not?

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52) Isenberg and Jalongo describe three important literacy understandings that children often
reveal through their play. List and explain these three understandings.
53) Play is considered an important component of creative development. Describe how play
contributes to creative thought and give two examples that you might find in an early childhood
setting.
54) Theories of "why children play" can be classified as classical or modern. Select one classical
and one modern theory to describe and explain (explain what? This does not make sense. I
suggest removing the word "explain" since it is redundant).
55) The development and proficiency of oral language skills is reinforced through play. List and
describe the four oral language skills seen during play and give an example of how play supports
each.
56) Integrating play into the curriculum is a powerful tool for expanding student learning and
understanding. Give an example of how Games can be integrated into the curriculum in a
preschool classroom and in a school aged classroom.

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Creative Thinking & Arts-Based Learning 7e (Isenberg/Jalongo)
Chapter 3 Promoting Children's Art
1) Which of the following is not a question that will help determine if an activity is or is not art?
A) Are the children's responses predetermined?
B) Will their parents like it?
C) Will one child's work look nearly identical to another's?
D) Will the child's efforts lead to the creation of a new form that is satisfying to the child at his
or her developmental level?
E) Who is the activity for?
Answer: B
2) If most children in class are drawing nonrepresentationally, the teacher should:
A) ask individual children, "What is it?"
B) introduce more representational art into the curriculum
C) single out the representational art for display (i.e., on the bulletin board) and rewards
(stickers)
D) invite the child to tell him or her about the art
E) provide patterns for the children to use in art
Answer: D
3) Ownership, as it refers to children's art means that:
A) teachers always give children explicit instructions about how the product should turn out
B) the child makes decisions and choices about his or her own art work
C) the teacher emphasizes product over process
D) the child's work is labeled with his or her name
E) the child depends upon the teacher for evaluation
Answer: B
4) Which of the following is not something that children learn through the arts?
A) to follow directions carefully
B) to organize ideas and express feelings
C) to work with a purpose and maintain focus
D) to solve unstructured problems through trial and error
E) to respect themselves and their achievements
Answer: A
5) Which of the following is not an example of real art?
A) finger painting
B) collage
C) constructing a wood sculpture using white glue and wood scraps
D) making a paper bag puppet using patterns from a book for the puppet's face
E) painting a picture
Answer: D

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6) If a child is an English language learner, you should encourage her to use self-expression
through:
A) drawings
B) sculpture
C) painting
D) collage
E) all of these
Answer: E
7) Which of the following is not a practice that will promote safe art instruction?
A) proper ventilation
B) prominent placement of the Poison Control Center number
C) locked storage of materials that require teacher supervision
D) use of inexpensive, imported products
E) access to complete information about allergies, respiratory problems, etc.
Answer: D
8) Which of the following is an effective response to children's art?
A) present one model
B) intervene when children seem stalled or frustrated
C) emphasize technical ability
D) recognize that the child tried hard and accept slapdash work
Answer: B
9) Which of the following is an appropriate way to develop children's vocabulary about art?
A) insisting that children use the correct terms when discussing art
B) introducing the vocabulary in context
C) rewarding a memorization of word lists
D) avoiding the use of accurate vocabulary that may be too hard for the children
E) having older children visit the classroom to drill the children on new words
Answer: B
10) Some of the things that children should do in an art program include:
A) examining intensively both natural and man-made objects from many sources
B) experimenting in-depth with art materials and processes to determine effectiveness in creating
new forms
C) working with tools appropriate to the child's abilities and developing skills needed for
satisfying aesthetic expression
D) organizing, evaluating, and reorganizing works-in-progress to gain an understanding of line,
form, color, and texture in space
E) all of these
Answer: E

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11) When discussing art with young children, use art that:
A) shows human figures
B) is unfamiliar
C) intrigues the children
D) is abstract
E) requires the use of art vocabulary
Answer: C
12) It is important for teachers to make art activities accessible to young children with special
needs. An adaptation for a child with learning disabilities or attentional difficulties includes all of
the following except:
A) establish and maintain routines
B) offer a choice of media for exploring techniques or skills
C) help the child deal with frustration productively
D) have the child work with a partner and allow the partner to complete the work
Answer: D
13) Some indicators of poor quality in an art program are:
A) children use art materials and request specific materials
B) children are unwilling to accept new challenges in art
C) children pursue art activities during free time at home and at school
D) children express positive attitudes toward art and artistic abilities during class discussions
Answer: B
14) Which of the following is not a recommended practice in the teaching of art?
A) emphasizing process as well as product
B) valuing children's originality
C) allowing children to retain ownership of their artwork
D) requiring conformity
E) demonstrating the appropriate use of materials
Answer: D
15) Which of the following is not a guideline for displaying children's art?
A) placing the work at an adults' eye level
B) rotating art regularly
C) utilizing a variety of spaces—not just walls or bulletin boards
D) highlighting children's work in special ways; with frames, on mobiles, in collages.
Answer: A
16) Teaching through the arts is:
A) creating art projects about a specific idea
B) guiding children to develop artistic skills
C) acquiring knowledge about the arts
D) using creative and artistic approaches to teach all curricula
E) combining the arts with other subjects
Answer: D

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17) Early artistic development in children:
A) explores media through all senses
B) experiments with color, line, shape, and arrangement
C) includes random marks and scribbles that become more controlled and more deliberate with
experience.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
18) Young gifted children's art work may include all of the following except:
A) many details
B) display types of perception
C) unrealistic portrayals
D) display exceptional sensitivity
Answer: C
19) Art among young (preschool) children usually is classified as:
A) Emerging Representational
B) Nonrepresentational
C) Representational
D) "Feeling Art"
E) Explorational
Answer: B
20) Which of the following influence(s) young children's artistic development?
A) Family support
B) Mental capacity
C) Cultural Opportunities
D) Access to art materials
E) All of the above
Answer: E
21) Representational art:
A) Combines shapes to make mandalas
B) Shows planning and inclusion of details
C) Names scribbles
D) Makes scribbles on top of scribbles
E) Shows a figure that "floats" on the page
Answer: B
22) Which of the following is an example of art for very young children?
A) creating macaroni necklaces
B) using finger paints to create pictures of their choice
C) coloring pictures from coloring books
D) making houses out of popsicle sticks
E) painting with shaving cream
Answer: B

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23) Decreases in funding have caused a school district to no longer offer art classes to first-grade
children. What is one way that first-grade teachers can provide students art experiences under
such circumstances?
A) Allow children to make necklaces by coloring and stringing macaroni.
B) Let children choose different materials to create pictures and projects.
C) Purchase pre-packaged crafts for students to complete during free time.
D) Distribute a variety of coloring pages to children throughout the day.
Answer: B
24) Cassidy, a fourth-grade student, indicates that her favorite subject at school is art. She often
shares beautiful and unique creations with her teacher. Her teacher is surprised when Cassidy
comments, "Do you think I'm wasting my time? My older sister told me I will never be an artist
like my dad." How can the teacher respond to help Cassidy understand the importance of art?
A) Affirm Cassidy's passion for art and suggest activities in the community that will allow her to
pursue her interests and make a more informed decision.
B) Caution her that very few people ever become artists and that she would be better off
pursuing something more practical.
C) Suggest that Cassidy look online for advice to future artists.
D) Call her parents to report that Cassidy's sister has been criticizing her.
Answer: A
25) A task that children in a second-grade class are required to complete is to draw a picture
based on a specific event from a story. How can the teacher convert this tired, old activity into
one that affords more opportunities for creative self-expression?
A) Require children to work with a partner or in a small group.
B) Provide a teacher model for children to follow but otherwise leave the assignment as is
because it is effective in assessing a child's reading comprehension.
C) Require the class to produce a mural of the entire story.
D) Allow children to represent any aspect of the story that they choose through whatever art
medium they prefer—markers, paints, collage, sculpture, poster, electronic media, and so forth.
Answer: D
26) While discussing the pictures in a book, students ask their teacher many questions about the
technique used to create such distinct pictures. Noticing the interest of the students, how can the
teacher best address their interest in art?
A) Suggest that they conduct research into the particular art technique, invite a local artist to
demonstrate it, and let the children experiment with it.
B) Answer all of the students' questions but refocus the discussion on story elements.
C) Suggest that the students investigate the technique online and assign it as homework.
D) Change the subject since the questions are irrelevant to the students' understanding of the
story.
Answer: A

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27) A student teacher is attempting to decide on an art project to use with her three- and four-
year-olds as a follow up to a picture book. Which activity would be preferable, based on what
you now know about children's art development?
A) Have the students glue tissue paper on a cut out heart to represent the theme of the story:
friendship.
B) Give children cut-out patterns of the main story characters to decorate.
C) Use buttons, yarn, felt, fabric, and paper scraps to create make-believe pets because the child
in the story imagined this.
D) Make copies of a mini book of the story for children to color and take home.
Answer: C
28) A fourth-grade teacher organized a series she called "Friday afternoons with an artist" by
inviting well-known, local artists to visit the class and share their works with them. The artists
included, for example, a commercial artist for the newspaper, a woman who designs clothing that
is representative of different historical eras, a bluegrass trio that performs at community events,
and a children's playground designer who was responsible for the new park. The principal asks
her what she expects children to learn from this. What might be an appropriate answer?
A) "It will help them to get in touch with their own creative side and become more free spirited."
B) "Creativity is an important skill in today's society. The children are acquiring the knowledge,
skills, dispositions, and feelings about their diverse community and ways to contribute to it
through their original work."
C) "I think that children need a break from academic tasks on Friday afternoons and so do I."
D) "I enjoy the arts and I think it is important for children to learn this during their elementary
school years."
Answer: B
29) Three year old J.C. proudly runs up to his teacher to show her his painting of a fire truck that
consists of red splotches of paint. The painting does not "look like" a truck at all. Which of the
following is the best way to respond?
A) "This is pretty. What is it?"
B) "Maybe when you are in kindergarten, you'll be able to really draw a fire truck."
C) "Oooh, I see lots of red. Tell me more about what you painted."
D) "Let's try this again so that it is good enough to put up on the bulletin board."
Answer: C
30) A class was painting pictures of the ocean and experimenting with mixing colors with a
roller. One child in the class does not have the motor skills necessary to do this. What could the
teacher do to include the child with special needs in the activity?
A) Find a computer app that simulates the experience with mixing colors.
B) Skip this project entirely.
C) Do a teacher demonstration of mixing colors and using a roller but do not allow any of the
children to actually do it.
D) Wait until Alex leaves the room for his therapy and quickly have the other students try it.
Answer: A

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31) When searching for art materials, one should seek materials that:
A) are plentiful
B) extend the experience of the children
C) are easily accessible to the children
D) are developmentally appropriate
E) are high quality
F) all of the above
Answer: F
32) How can teachers help develop children art vocabulary?
A) Encourage children to discuss art in complicated art language.
B) Introduce art vocabulary in context.
C) Modeling appropriate and accurate vocabulary about art.
D) B and C
E) All of the above
Answer: D
33) Studying art and artifacts is appropriate for children with special needs because:
A) Artifacts are imaginary objects and children can experience them on a creative level
B) Artifacts are concrete objects and can be approached at many different levels
C) Artifacts are readily available and easy to find
D) Artifacts exist in many media to offer diverse experiences
Answer: B
34) When responding to children's artwork, teachers should:
A) Emphasize feelings and responses
B) Tell children what to do when they are stuck in their work
C) Guide Children to do their best
D) Recognize the product
E) A and C
Answer: E

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35) Use the following choices to answer the items below.
A. perceptual
B. cognitive
C. developmental
D. graphic
E. affected by the context and culture
1. ________ Art is related to the child's thinking processes.
2. ________ An artist needs to be keenly aware of sensory input.
3. If a child realizes that a drawing can express feelings in a concrete way, this illustrates the
child's understanding of the _________ nature of art.
4. ________ A child's art changes as the child matures.
5. ________ A child’s art reflects the events and beliefs that she experiences daily.
6. ________ In terms of human figure drawings, toddlers usually scribble, threes usually name
their scribbles, and preschoolers begin to produce "tadpole" people.
Answer: 1. B, 2. A, 3. D, 4. C, 5. E , 6. C
36) Match the items below with the appropriate answers that refer to influences on the child's
artistic development.
A. prior experiences
B. cultural opportunities
C. family discipline
D. visual skills, mental capacity, and motor coordination
E. all of these
1. ________ Refers to whether or not children have had access to art materials and
experiences.
2. ________ The strengths, abilities, and adaptations that must be considered in order to
provide authentic art activities for all children.
3. ________ Refers to children's opportunities to see various types of art in their environments
and learn about art of different cultures.
4. ________ The effect of adults' acceptance or rejection of children's artistic efforts and
pursuits.
Answer: 1. A, 2. E, 3. B, 4. C

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37) Arrange the following skills in learning to cut with scissors from the least difficult to the
most difficult.
A. 1 -- least difficult
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5 -- most difficult
1. ________ Cutting out a simple shape on the lines.
2. ________ Tearing newspaper by hand.
3. ________ Cutting pieces of modeling dough rolled thin or tearing at the paper with scissors.
4. ________ Cutting out small interior spaces (such as the eye holes for a mask).
5. ________ Making simple cuts, such as paper fringe.
Answer: 1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. E, 5. C
38) Arrange the steps in teaching children to use paints in the correct sequence, from most basic
to most complex.
A. first step
B. second step
C. third step
D. fourth step
1. ________ Present the strategy of wiping each side of the brush on the rim of the paint
container to avoid drips and grasping the brush with fingers (rather than fist) above the metal
rim.
2. ________ Show children how to avoid smearing by letting one color dry before putting wet
paint over or very close to it, how to use different size brushes for different purposes, and how to
rinse brushes in cool water and store them with bristles up.
3. ________ Present the basic concepts of using protective clothing, putting the brush back in
the same color, and cleaning up after painting.
4. ________ Teach children different brush strokes or how to sketch before painting.
Answer: 1. B, 2. C, 3. A, 4. D

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