Test Bank for Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice, 12th Edition

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Test Bank
For
Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice
Twelfth Edition
Robert E. Slavin, John Hopkins University

iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Educational Psychology: A Foundation for Teaching 4
Chapter 2 Cognitive Development 10
Chapter 3 Social, Moral, and Emotional Development 20
Chapter 4 Student Diversity 38
Chapter 5 Behavioral and Social Theories of Learning 46
Chapter 6 Cognitive Theories of Learning 57
Chapter 7 The Effective Lesson 69
Chapter 8 Student-Centered and Constructivist Approaches to Instruction 79
Chapter 9 Grouping, Differentiation, and Technology 90
Chapter 10 Motivating Students to Learn 98
Chapter 11 Effective Learning Environments 109
Chapter 12 Learners with Exceptionalities 120
Chapter 13 Assessing Student Learning 131
Chapter 14 Standardized Tests and Accountability 144
Answer Key 153

Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
4
Chapter 1
Educational Psychology: A Foundation for Teaching
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is an accurate statement about the role of educational psychology in
teacher preparation?
a) Educational psychology is the study of learning theory as it relates to aspects of
education outside of the classroom
b) Educational psychology aims to improve teacher candidates’ subject matter knowledge
c) Educational psychology provides teachers with specific actions to improve classroom
teaching
d) Educational psychology provides teachers with research-based principles to guide their
teaching
2) Effective teaching occurs best when a teacher is prepared with:
a) Knowledge of subject matter and students’ background information.
b) Subject matter and school expectations
c) Knowledge of subject matter and the skills to share that knowledge
d) Knowledge of subject matter, enthusiasm, and a positive attitude
3) According to our text, pedagogy is the link between which of the following?
a) What the teacher desires students to learn and students’ actual learning
b) What the teacher knows and is able to communicate to the students
c) What students desire to learn and what the teacher has knowledge of
d) What the teacher says and demonstrates thoughtfully to students.
4) In addition to being able to carry out the many tasks of teaching, these traits are essential in
good teachers:
a) A quick wit and great comedic timing
b) An analytical mindset for numeric problem solving
c) Warmth, enthusiasm, and caring
d) A fiery temperament

Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
5
5) Intentional teachers are constantly thinking about:
a) The outlooks they want for their students and assessments of outlooks
b) What goals they and their students are trying to accomplish
c) The ratio of student to teacher
d) The faculty meeting agenda
6) Teacher efficacy is the degree to which teachers do what?
a) Believe they are able to build rapport with colleagues
b) Make effective decisions regarding student learning outcomes
c) Believe their own efforts determine their students’ success
d) Believe the efficacy of student outcomes is curriculum based
7) How do intentional teachers achieve a sense of efficacy?
a) By continually assessing their instruction results and trying new strategies if initial
instruction doesn’t work
b) By reviewing a student’s IQ scores and making predictions about success or failure
c) By focusing on home life factors that impact the student at school
d) By continually assessing the crime rate and unemployment rates for their community
8) Research finds that one of the most powerful predictors of a teacher’s impact on students is:
a) Teacher candidate ACT scores
b) The teacher’s rank in high school standing
c) The teacher’s ability to use technology
d) The teacher’s belief that what he or she does makes a difference
9) For many years, each state in the United States has had its own standards, which are
expectations of what each child should know and be able to do in a given subject matter at a
given age. These standards are referred to as:
a) Common Core State Standards
b) Department of Teacher Educator Standards
c) Gold Standards
d) Creative Curriculum

Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
6
10) Assessments intended to indicate how students are moving toward success in college and
careers are based on:
a) Partnership Standards
b) College- and Career- Ready Standards
c) Gold Standards
d) OSHA Standards
11) The aim of research in educational psychology is:
a) To test the theories that guide the actions of those involved in education
b) To assess behaviors that occur in the classroom during instruction
c) To identify learning styles and preferences exhibited by students
d) To test principles of education used in planning learning outcomes
12) Research-based professional development opportunities offer teachers:
a) Traditional approaches to education
b) Innovative methods that have yet to be evaluated
c) Methods known to make a difference in children
d) Approaches to a fast-track to learning
13) According to our text, to become an intentional teacher you must first:
a) Finish an approved PhD program
b) Become a certified teacher
c) Conduct an action research study
d) Attend graduate school
14) One way toward becoming an intentional teacher in your beginning years is to:
a) Practice teaching in front of a mirror instead of spending time away at workshops
b) Seek a mentor who is an intentional teacher to guide you and share ideas with you
c) Discourage others from observing you so you do not become inhibited
d) Keep confidential your successes and failures

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
7
15) Many researchers and educators have bemoaned the limited impact of research in
educational psychology on teachers’ practices. Yet even if teachers are not aware of it, research
in education does have a profound impact that is:
a) indirect
b) globally recognized
c) aggregate data
d) inhibited
16) Ms. O’Malley has a student named Tara in her second hour class. A majority of the time
Tara is quiet and withdrawn. When reviewing Tara’s permanent record, Ms. O’Malley is
surprised to see a long history of academic success. Ms. O’Malley asks herself a number of
questions about this situation, considers some possible outcomes, and plans several strategies
to attempt to draw Tara into classroom activities. Ms. O’Malley is demonstrating her ability to:
a) accept the limitations of her professional position
b) make decisions that influence the course of her work
c) write better instructional objectives
d) respect her student’s right to educational privacy
17) Mr. Jenkins is an avid reader of educational research. Mr. Jenkins is familiar with research in
mathematics instruction which asserts a rapid pace of instruction increases achievement. Yet
Mr. Jenkins students are in need of additional reinforcement of some key skills so he slows his
instruction pace accordingly. Mr. Jenkins is demonstrating his ability to:
a) teaching to the lowest common denominator of ability grouping
b) rely on research findings implicitly without questioning
c) reject research findings outright when classroom conditions do not support findings
d) apply a hefty dose of common sense and a clear view of what needs to be taught to
research findings.
18) Maura learns that research on beginning reading dramatically transformed curriculum,
instruction and professional development for reading instruction. Maura realizes this type of
impact of educational research upon teachers’ practices is:
a) direct
b) indirect
c) insubstantial
d) unusual

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
8
19) Taneesha is excited about teaching and eager to find more ideas that will help her during
her first year. Taneesha is disappointed to find her colleagues are worn out from years in the
classroom and outside responsibilities. No one seems to have time for her questions. What
should Taneesha do?
a) report her colleagues to the principal and ask to be reassigned to a different team
b) seek virtual colleagues and professional development on the Web
c) keep her questions to herself until her next meeting with her mentor next month
d) look for ways to make herself happy and fulfilled outside of the classroom
20) Thomas is excited about having been given a budget for professional development. He
wants to seek out the most effective teacher development opportunities so he asks his
department chair for suggestions. Thomas’s department chair is happy to help and suggests that
Thomas seeks out professional development with:
a) some sort of coaching or follow-up support
b) a printed certificate of completion for him to hang on the wall
c) no requirements for online work outside of the workshop experience
d) a well known professional development movement that was popular several years ago
Essay Questions
1) What personal and professional characteristics contribute to being an effective teacher?
2) As a teacher candidate, how can you develop your teaching skills?
3) Our text discussed the importance of being an intelligent consumer of research and the
need to not take every finding or expert’s pronouncement as truth. How can you become
an intelligent consumer or research?
4) Develop a personal/professional development timeline and list all the tasks required in
your state to obtain teacher certification.
5) Starting with your student teaching experience and continuing into your first job, you can
create or take advantage of opportunities to develop your skills as an intentional teacher in
a number of ways. Discuss some of the strategies mentioned in the text and one or two of
your own idea for developing your skills as an intention teacher.

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 1
9
6) List and describe professional organizations and publications which will have value to you
as a teacher.
7) Intentional teachers are aware of resources available for professional learning and
continually seek out materials and information that will assist them in working with their
particular population. How can you find out more about your students and the
community? Describe ways in which you could locate resources to help the students in
your school and classroom.
8) In our text, two teachers discuss encouraging creative writing. Ellen Mathis, a new
teacher, visits the classroom of Leah Washington. Describe some of the activities and the
thought behind the lesson design that Ellen Mathis observes in Ms. Washington’s
classroom.
9) As you experience success in the classroom, you will find yourself engaged in more
effective practices. As you and your students experience success it is important that you
share your findings. Avenues for dissemination are endless. Please discuss ways in
addition to writing for professional journals that you can share your ideas.
10) Our text shares the idea of virtual colleagues on the Web. What are some advantages
and disadvantages of teacher-oriented websites and blogs?

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
10
Chapter 2
Cognitive Development
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The term development refers to how people:
a) Learn in response to environmental cues
b) Grow, adapt, and change over the course of their lifetimes
c) Fulfill intellectual potential and promise
d) Respond to demands placed upon them
2) Nurture has a greater effect than nature on the following domain of development:
a) Physical development
b) Reflex development
c) Moral development
d) Motor development
3) Ramona is a first year teacher. She prepared tirelessly all summer for a fifth-grade position.
As school approached she learned the fifth-grade position was eliminated and instead she would
fill a first-grade position. Ramona knows in order to be an effective teacher she will most need
to:
a) Take student physical development into account when arranging the classroom
b) Be careful to model traditional gender roles for such young learners
c) Adapt her instruction to meet the district grade level objectives
d) Take into account her students’ ages and stages of development
4) Continuous theories of development assume that development occurs:
a) In a start and stop progression as individuals interact with the environment
b) Through indirect learning and skill acquisition
c) As parents’ genetic predisposition is passed on to offspring
d) In a smooth progression as skills develop and the environment provides experiences

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
11
5) Discontinuous theories of development focus on:
a) Inborn factors rather than environmental influences
b) Environmental influences rather than genetic factors
c) The importance of environment rather than heredity
d) The detrimental effects of disruption in nurturing caregivers
6) According to Piaget, knowledge comes from which of the following:
a) Development
b) Progression
c) Study
d) Action
7) Piaget’s theory of cognitive development proposes that:
a) Intellectual development is a discontinuous process
b) Development is based on an individual’s observation within a prepared environment
c) A child’s intellectual development progresses through distinct stages
d) Knowledge is something to be transferred from an adult to the child
8) Piaget believed that children are born with an innate tendency to make sense of their own
environments by creating:
a) Dilemmas
b) Equanimity
c) Schemes
d) Identity
9) According to Piaget, the process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment by
means of assimilation and accommodation is:
a) Adaptation
b) Scheme transition
c) Adjustment patterns
d) Decentralization

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
12
10) According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when:
a) When a baby incorporates new objects into a scheme
b) When a new object does not fit the existing scheme
c) When a baby using a favorite scheme to explore his world
d) After the developmental dilemma has been successfully resolved
11) According to Piaget, accommodation occurs when:
a) When a baby incorporates new objects into a scheme
b) When a new object does not fit the existing scheme
c) When a baby using a favorite scheme to explore his world
d) After the developmental dilemma has been successfully resolved
12) Sometimes, when old ways of dealing with the world simply don’t work, a child might modify
an existing scheme in light of new information or a new experience. This is a process called:
a) Avoidance
b) Assimilation
c) Accommodation
d) Acculturization
13) Piaget’s view of cognitive development as a process in which children actively build systems
of meaning and understanding of reality through their experience and interactions is known as:
a) Behaviorism
b) Metacognition
c) Interactive theory
d) Constructivism
14) Which of the following best describes Piaget’s idea of disequilibrium?
a) You find that what you expect to happen actually does happen
b) You need to respond but cannot think of what to do
c) You know what to do but your response doesn’t not work
d) You feel uncomfortable about doing something but do it anyway

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
13
15) Mr. Nicely often begins his lectures by presenting students with two ideas or observations
that apparently conflict. He feels this method of presenting a paradox arouses students’ interest.
From Piaget’s point of view, the teacher is making use of his students’ natural response to:
a) Egocentrism
b) Anticipatory set
c) Transitivity
d) Disequilibrium
16) Piaget described cognitive development as a sequence of stages. Which of the following
represents his stages in developmental order?
a) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
b) Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational , formal operational
c) Concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational , formal operational
d) Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
17) Two-year-old Lizzie encounters a squirrel and calls it “mouse.” Which of Piaget’s terms best
describes her thinking?
a) Accommodation
b) Assimilation
c) Immature
d) Sensorimotor
18) Which of the following cognitive characteristics explains the difficulty preoperational children
have with the beaker of water problem (conservation of volume)?
a) Object permanence
b) Egocentrism
c) Centration
d) Hypothetical thought

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
14
19) A student knows that if 2 + 5 = 7, then 7-5+2. This requires which of the following cognitive
characteristics?
a) Formal thought
b) Reversibility
c) Transitivity
d) Situational thought
20) Which cognitive characteristic is Athena showing when she plays hide and seek and pulls the
drape over her head with the rest of her body showing believing no one will see her?
a) Immaturity of thought
b) Object relevance
c) Egocentrism
d) Same sight
21) Which of the following is most likely to help a concrete operational child solve conceptual
problems?
a) The problems are explained more than once
b) The problems involve objects and situations that are familiar to the child
c) The child is older than the typical concrete operational learner
d) The child is instructed on problem solving methods
22) Dahlia’s toy is covered by a blanket, but the child does not remove the blanket to look for the
toy because he believes the toy is gone. This scenario shows an infant’s inability to grasp which
idea?
a) Object stability
b) Object status
c) Object conservation
d) Object permanence

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
15
23) During the preoperational stage, children have the ability to do which of the following?
a) Learn about their world through physical manipulation.
b) Think about things and can use symbols to mentally represent objects.
c) Develop a grasp of object permanence.
d) Grasp the idea of conservation, for example that amount remains the same regardless
of container size.
24) Max, a preschooler, explains that a sandwich cut into four pieces is more than a sandwich
cut in half, demonstrating which characteristic common in the preoperational stage?
a) Conservation
b) Constructivism
c) Centration
d) Reversibility
25) Seriation, an important task children learn during the concrete operational stage, is
characterized by which ability?
a) Arranging items with automaticity
b) Arranging things in a logical progression
c) Disinterest in details such as volume or size
d) Interest in disorder of details, as in “Where’s Waldo?”
26) Transitivity involves the ability to:
a) Move bilaterally
b) Arrange objects in sequence
c) Change direction
d) Infer relationships
27) Children in the concrete operational stage have the understanding of space well enough to
do which of the following?
a) Draw a map from home to school
b) Move hands on the clock to demonstrate understanding of time
c) Think about future events
d) Know the earth’s distance from the sun

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Slavin, Educational Psychology, Test Bank Chapter 2
16
28) The formal operational stage emerges:
a) Sometime around the eighteenth birthday
b) Unexpectedly, like a dropped weight
c) Earlier in boys than in girls
d) Sometime around the onset of puberty
29) In the formal operational stage, the preadolescent is beginning to think:
a) Constructively
b) Abstractly
c) Intelligently
d) Reasonably
30) You are teaching a tenth-grade class of average ability students. Your lesson involves
abstract ideas. Which of the following would be the most accurate supposition you could make
about your class as you plan activities?
a) Most of your students have not progressed beyond the concrete operational stage.
b) Although many students may have reached the formal operational stage of
development, you can’t be sure those who have will be able to apply it to your lesson.
c) All of the students should have mastered hypothetical reasoning at this stage and
should be able to handle the abstract concepts of the lesson.
d) All of your students are ready to apply formal thought to the different aspects of your
lesson.
31) The abilities that make up formal operational thought include:
a) Metacognition, hypothetical weighing of negatives, and conceptual workings.
b) Thinking abstractly, testing hypotheses, and forming concepts.
c) Brainstorming, collaborating, and building.
d) General articulation, critical thinking, and creative conceptualization.

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