Test Bank for Financial Accounting, 11th Edition

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1. John Tatum
a. generated the first comprehensive theory of lifespan development.
b. was the first African-American psychologist.
c. won three gold medals at the 2009 National Senior Games.
d. was the first black soldier to serve in an all-white unit in World War II.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
2. Development is best defined as
a. individual differences in human behavior.
b. systematic changes and continuities from conception to death.
c. way in which people change in positive ways across time.
d. systematic unfolding of genetic potential.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
3. The fact that development often involves continuities speaks to the fact that over time, humans tend to
a. remain the same. b. become more intelligent.
c. become less active. d. undergo orderly patterns of change.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
4. The three broad domains explored by developmental psychologists are
a. motor, interpersonal, and cognitive. b. physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.
c. personality, motor, and learning. d. interpersonal, maturational, and learning.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
5. Albert, a developmental psychologist, conducts research on children's emotional reactions to studying math in school.
Albert is concerned with children's _____ development.
a. cognitive b. maturational
c. physical d. psychosocial
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
6. What characteristic belongs most in the cognitive domain of development?

a. Physical maturation of the body b. A changing personality
c. Poor interpersonal skills d. Language acquisition
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
7. Which characteristic does NOT belong on a list of key aspects of physical development?
a. Change in motor ability b. Change in body organ efficiency
c. Change in short-term memory d. Change in skin tone (e.g., wrinkling)
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
8. Traditionally, growth has been defined as
a. physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.
b. the biological unfolding of genetic potential.
c. positive changes across the lifespan.
d. gains, changes, and losses at each stage of the lifecycle.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
9. _____ aging involves the deterioration of an organism that eventually results in death.
a. Cognitive b. Psychosocial
c. Behavioral d. Biological
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
10. _____ aspects of development follow the “gain-stability-loss” model.
a. All b. Some
c. No d. Only physical
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
11. Aging is most accurately defined as involving _____ in the maturing organism.
a. only negative changes b. only positive changes
c. both negative and positive changes d. neither positive nor negative changes
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1 - 1.1. Define development, aging, and their relationship to each other.
12. The term age grade refers to a
a. group of individuals who are all the same mental age.
b. socially defined age group, with culture-specific assigned roles, privileges, and responsibilities.
c. universally defined age group, with universal roles, privileges, and responsibilities.
d. group of children assigned at a specific age to a specific grade in school.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
13. “Senior” discounts on meals available only to individuals over age 55 provide an excellent example of a(n)
a. age norm. b. social clock.
c. age grade. d. social convoy.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in

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c. sex d. status
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
17. A quinceañeara
a. impacts only males. b. is a Jewish rite of passage.
c. occurs at age 15. d. defines parenthood.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
18. A company requires employees to retire at the age of 65. This policy is an example of
a. age norms. b. age stratification.
c. the young-old principle. d. growth norms.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social

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and subcultural contexts.
21. Manuel hoped to graduate from college by age 22 but finds himself enrolling for the first time at age 52. The anxiety
Manuel feels because of this situation may be best explained by the concept of
a. biological maturation. b. a social clock.
c. plasticity. d. historical change.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
22. Diversity can be based on
a. race or ethnicity, but not socioeconomic status.
b. race or socioeconomic status, but not ethnicity.
c. ethnicity or socioeconomic status, but not race.
d. race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
23. When compared to those from middle-

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and subcultural contexts.
25. Which distinct period of development was the first to be recognized?
a. Childhood b. Adolescence
c. Middle age d. Old age
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
26. The term emerging adulthood refers to individuals from about age
a. 11 to 17. b. 18 to 29.
c. 29 to 37. d. 38 to 46.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
27. Hermes is currently in the “emerging adulthood” stage of development. As such, he would most likely
a. be leading a very stable life. b. feel adultlike in all ways.
c. be focused on others rather

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b. It has more than doubled since 1900.
c. It is higher for black males than white males.
d. It is 18 years greater for females than for males.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
30. The average life expectancy for a newborn in the United States is _____ years.
a. 73 b. 78
c. 83 d. 88
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social clock in making human development different in different historical, cultural,
and subcultural contexts.
31. Which United States-born newborn would currently have the longest life expectancy?
a. Donny, who is a white male
b. Marie, who is a white female
c. Michael, who is an African-American male
d. Janet, who is an African-American female
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2 - 1.1. Explain and illustrate the role played by age grades, age norms,
and the social

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REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
34. Maturation is best defined as
a. any physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.
b. the biological unfolding of genetic potential.
c. the physical gains, changes, and losses across the lifespan.
d. the effects of experience on thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
35. Which best describes the relationship between maturation and genes?
a. Maturation is driven by a plan contained in the genes.
b. Maturation is the nature side of development, and genes are the nurture side of development.
c. Maturation is the process by which genes learn.
d. Genes and maturation are unrelated concepts.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 -

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thoughts, or feelings.
a. maturation b. genetics
c. instincts d. experience
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
39. Nature is to nurture as
a. maturation is to learning. b. experience is to genetics.
c. psychology is to biology. d. positive is to negative.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
40. Maturation is to learning as
a. genes are to social experience. b. knowing is to doing.
c. the environment is to heredity. d. practice is to instinct.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
41. If all you know is that men commit more violent crimes than women, you can most
accurately conclude that
a. genes alone cause aggression.
b. women elicit violent behavior in men.

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REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
43. The fact that sex differences in aggression are greatest in patrilineal cultures suggests that
a. genes for aggression most likely come from fathers.
b. cultural standards play a significant role in determining aggression.
c. boys are naturally more aggressive than girls.
d. primitive societies were likely less aggressive than modern societies.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
44. The deterioration of organisms (including humans) that leads inevitably to their death is best called
a. biological aging b. maturation
c. aging d. decline
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.

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b. inconsistent with a "nature" approach to development.
c. inconsistent with the gain-stability-loss model.
d. consistent with a "nurture" approach to development.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
48. Dorian is a strong supporter of the "gain-stability-loss" model. This means that she most likely
a. rejects the inevitably of age-associated declines in cognition.
b. believes all children develop at about the same rates.
c. recognizes that there are age-associated losses in function.
d. focuses on early development rather than aging.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
49. The psychologist associated with the idea of emerging adulthood is
a. Cruikshank b. Arnett
c. Neugarten d. Burton
ANSWER: b

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women.
d. 20th-century parents began to bear fewer children and live long enough to see their children grow up and leave
home.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
52. The twentieth century's unique addition to the definition of old age is the idea of
a. dementia.
b. ageism.
c. inevitable decline.
d. retirement.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.1 How Should We Think about Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3 - 1.1. Summarize the extreme positions one can take on "nature-
nurture" issue and the position most developmental scientists today take.
53. Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote a popular book for parents, providing information on what behaviors can be expected of
typical infants at specific ages. This sort of publication primarily reflects which goal of developmental psychology?
a. Prediction b. Optimization
c. Explanation d. Description
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4 - 1.2. Summarize the four goals of the science of life-span development
and describe how the study of human development began.
56. When making a decision on whether or not to follow the latest diet trend, Jillian focuses on what the best scientific
research has to say about the topic of nutrition. This indicates that Jillian believes in engaging in _____ practice.
a. speculative b. ethnocentric
c. evidence-based d. emerging
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4 - 1.2. Summarize the four goals of the science of life-span development
and describe how the study of human development began.
57. In the nineteenth century, scholars began to systematically record the growth and development of their own children.
The published versions of these observations were known as
a. quasi-experiments. b. time of measurement papers.
c. meta-analyses. d. baby biographies.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4 - 1.2. Summarize the four goals of the science of life-span development
and describe how the study of

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c. storm and stress. d. fun and exploration.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4 - 1.2. Summarize the four goals of the science of life-span development
and describe how the study of human development began.
61. Francine has just purchased a copy of G. Stanley Hall’s 1922 book Senescence for herself. This indicates that she is
likely very interested in the topic of
a. mental illness. b. language.
c. bioecology. d. old age.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4 - 1.2. Summarize

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65. Which best exemplifies the concept of neuroplasticity?
a. The ability to use your arm to draw after the arm was severely broken
b. The development of thicker heart muscles in old age after undertaking an aerobic exercise class
c. The production of large amounts of testosterone during puberty
d. The formation of new brain cell connections as the result of reading a book
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5 - 1.2. List and illustrate the seven key assumptions of the modern-life-
span perspective.
66. The fact that many adult males who lived through the Great Depression later had erratic careers and unstable
marriages exemplifies
a. the impact of historical context on development.
b. the multidirectional nature of development.
c. maturation.
d. the baby boom generation.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.2 What Is the Science of Life-Span Development?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5 - 1.2. List and illustrate the seven key assumptions of the modern-life-
span perspective.
67. According to the lifespan perspective, development is
a. singularly

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ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in
selecting a sample and choosing data collection methods.
70. A theory is best defined as a
a. set of concepts and propositions used to control developmental outcomes.
b. set of concepts and propositions intended to describe and explain some aspect of experience.
c. factual description of developmental phenomena.
d. series of systematic tests of all available hypotheses.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in
selecting a sample and choosing data collection methods.
71. Dr. Wells has proposed that the center of the Earth consists of large open areas that contain air and water and may be
inhabited by some life form. This proposition is best described as a
a. fact. b. hypothesis.
c. theory. d. correlation.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in

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ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in
selecting a sample and choosing data collection methods.
79. The major goal behind random sampling is to ensure that the
a. data is falsifiable.
b. sample is representative of the population.
c. project will not be costly.
d. population is large.
ANSWER: b

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in
selecting a sample and choosing data collection methods.
83. The greatest advantage of the naturalistic observation method is that it
a. can tell us what people do in everyday life.
b. is easily conducted in a laboratory setting.
c. readily leads to the discovery of cause-effect relationships.
d. untangles age effects from cohort effects.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY:

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a. blood flow b. neurotransmitter levels
c. dendritic expansion d. hormone output
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6 - 1.3. Summarize the scientific method and the choices involved in
selecting a sample and choosing data collection methods.
88. The main limitation of physiological measures is that
a. responses to such measures are easy to fake.
b. they cannot be used to assess emotional reactions.
c. it is not always clear what is being assessed.
d. they cannot be used to study infants.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development

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REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the case study,
experimental, and correlational methods.
92. Professor Plumb is interested in the impact of fruit consumption on memory. He identifies a group of college students
to serve as research participants. Then he randomly assigns them to one of three conditions. In condition 1, the students
eat no fruit for a week. In condition 2, students eat one pound of fruit each day for one week. Those students assigned to
condition

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96. In an experimental design, the behavior being measured is called the _____ variable.
a. extraneous b. dependent
c. independent d. confounding
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the case study,
experimental, and correlational methods.
97. A psychologist measures the IQs of 20 students who ingested a “smart pill” and 20 students who ingested a “sugar
pill” in order to determine if the pill had an effect on intelligence. To ensure peak performance, she tests all of the students
on Wednesdays. In this experiment, the dependent variable is the
a. day of the week. b. pill type.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the case study,
experimental, and correlational methods.
101. Which is NOT a hallmark of a true experiment?
a. Control over responses on the dependent measure
b. Manipulation of an independent variable
c. Control over extraneous variables
d. Random assignment of participants to experimental conditions
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING

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105. The key distinction between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment is that in quasi-experiments,
a. research is conducted in the “real world” not in the laboratory.
b. individuals are not randomly assigned to different treatments.
c. no statistical analysis is conducted.
d. there is always a control group.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the case study,
experimental, and correlational methods.
106. Dr. Rambo wants to determine whether there are sex differences in reactions to televised violence. He asks male and
female participants to watch a 15-minute video clip of a violent program and then

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ethical researcher, he would have to conduct a(n) _____ study.
a. experimental b. correlational
c. laboratory d. cross-sectional
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the case study,
experimental, and correlational methods.
110. Tom finds a correlation of +.81 between number of years in school and salary of first job. This would mean that

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longitudinal, and sequential designs.
118. Who is using a cross-sectional research design?
a. Fred, who is assessing study habits in fifth graders in three different countries
b. Barney, who is assessing the study habits in a group of fifth graders and who will follow and assess this same
group when they get to eighth and then eleventh grade
c. Wilma, who is simultaneously testing the study habits of fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders
d. Betty, who is

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ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the cross-sectional,
longitudinal, and sequential designs.
123. While I am the fastest to conduct research design, one big disadvantage I have is that I do not generate information
about the development of individuals. Which research method am I?
a. Cross-cultural b. Cross-sectional
c. Longitudinal d. Sequential

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the cross-sectional,
longitudinal, and sequential designs.
127. The impact on research findings produced by historical events occurring at the moment the data were collected are
referred to as _____ effects.
a. meta-analysis b. placebo
c. age d. time of measurement
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the cross-sectional,
longitudinal, and sequential designs.
128. In which type of study are the effects of age and the effects of time of measurement confounded with one another?
a. Correlational b.

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DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.3 How Is Development Studied?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8 - 1.3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the cross-sectional,
longitudinal, and sequential designs.
132. Socioeconomic status affects the development of
a. both lower- and higher-SES individuals.
b. lower-SES but not higher-SES individuals.
c. higher-SES but not lower-SES individuals.
d. neither lower- nor higher-SES individuals.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 1.4 What Special Challenges Do Developmental Scientists Face?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LSHD.SIGE.14.1.4.9 - 1.4. Discuss the challenges in conducting culturally sensitive
research.
133. Ethnocentrism is the belief that
a. it is better to think

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