Test Bank For Forensic Psychology, 5th Edition

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TEST BANKBrent Snook, Ph.D.Memorial UniversityForensic PsychologyFifth EditionJoanna PozzuloCarleton UniversityCraig BennellCarleton UniversityAdelle ForthCarleton University

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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Forensic PsychologyChapter 01 Multiple Choice Questions1.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-01Page-Reference:4Answer:free recall results in the most accurate answers2.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-02Page-Reference:4Answer:a reality experiment3.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-03Page-Reference:4Answer:emotional arousal influences accuracy of recall

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4.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-04Page-Reference:4-5, 12, 21Answer:1, 3, 4, 25.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-05Page-Reference:4Answer:Cattell6.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-06Page-Reference:4Answer:free recall

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7.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-07Page-Reference:5Answer:retroactive memory falsification8.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-08Page-Reference:5Answer:interrogation records9.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-09Page-Reference:5Answer:a psychologist interested in the effect of pre-trial press coverage10.

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Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-10Page-Reference:5Answer:Varendonck11.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-11Page-Reference:5Answer:a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses12.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-12Page-Reference:6Answer:Hugo Munsterberg13.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-13Page-Reference:6Answer:Munsterberg–On the Witness Stand

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14.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-14Page-Reference:6Answer:John Henry Wigmore15.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-15Page-Reference:7Answer:mesomorphs16.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-16Page-Reference:7Answer:learning17.

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Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-17Page-Reference:7Answer:Becker18.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-18Page-Reference:7-8Answer:someone with high levels of extraversion and neuroticism19.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-19Page-Reference:7-8Answer:Akers–social learning theory20.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-20Page-Reference:8Answer:State v. Driver

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21.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-21Page-Reference:8Answer:the admissibility of expert testimony from psychologists on mental disorders22.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-22Page-Reference:10Answer:Risk assessment and treatment23.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-23Page-Reference:9Answer:Quebec24.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-24Page-Reference:9, 24Answer:R. v, Mohan25.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-25Page-Reference:10-12Answer:The development of professional associations that represent the interests of forensicpsychologists.26.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-26Page-Reference:12-13Answer:A psychologist who studies how psychopathy influences patterns of offending.27.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-27Page-Reference:13-14Answer:Studying the effects of lighting conditions on eyewitness recall.

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28.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-28Page-Reference:13-14Answer:Forensic psychiatrists are medical doctors.29.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-29Page-Reference:14-15Answer:All of the above.30.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-30Page-Reference:14Answer:Forensic pathology31.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-31Page-Reference:14Answer:Forensic entomology32.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-32Page-Reference:16Answer:A psychologist providing expert testimony in court on the accuracy of eyewitness identification.33.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-33Page-Reference:16Answer:psychology in the law34.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-34Page-Reference:16Answer:studying the accuracy of eyewitnesses

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35.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-35Page-Reference:17Answer:Studying the effect of the law on the amount of crime in our society.36.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-36Page-Reference:17Answer:R. v. L.T.H.37.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-37Page-Reference:17Answer:R. v. Lavallee38.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-38Page-Reference:17Answer:R. v. Oickle39.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-39Page-Reference:17Answer:R. v. Williams40.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-40Page-Reference:18Answer:Expert witnesses are able to offer their opinion to the court.41.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-1-41Page-Reference:18Answer:Provide testimony relevant to thecase as you understand it.

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42.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-42Page-Reference:19Answer:Psychology is prescriptive and law is descriptive.43.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-43Page-Reference:19Answer:Law is idiographic while psychology isnomothetic.44.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-44Page-Reference:19Answer:purpose

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45.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-45Page-Reference:20-21Answer:the admissibility of expert testimony46.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-46Page-Reference:21Answer:The research has been conducted in real-world (i.e., non-lab) settings.47.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-1-47Page-Reference:21-22Answer:It dealt with the admissibility of expert evidence.48.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-48Page-Reference:21-22Answer:The testimony must have been allowed into evidence by a higher court.49.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-1-49Page-Reference:22Answer:It ruled that expert witnesses should be independent and impartial.Chapter 01 Short Answer Questions1.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-2-01Page-Reference:7-8Answer:a. Biological theories-E.g., Sheldon's constitutional theory suggests that body build and temperament are linked; mesomorphs,due to their aggressivenature and muscular build, are more likely to become involved in crime.b. Sociological theories-E.g., Merton's strain theory suggests that certain people (e.g., those from the lower class) have restrictedaccess to legitimate means (e.g., education) to achieve valued goals of success (e.g., high paying jobs);some of these individuals will turn to illegitimate means (e.g., crime) in an attempt to achieve these goals.c. Psychological theories-E.g., Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation suggests that early separation of children from their mothersprevents effective social development from taking place; without effective social development, children willexperience problems developing positive social relationships and will instead develop antisocial inclinations.2.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-2-02Page-Reference:12-13

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Answer:According to Bartol and Bartol (2006), forensic psychology is defined as (a)the researchendeavour that examines aspects of human behaviour directly related to the legal process and (b) theprofessional practice of psychology within or in consultation with a legal system that embraces both civil andcriminal law.3.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-2-03Page-Reference:13-15Answer:a. Clinician-As a clinician, the forensic psychologist is interested in mental health issues as they pertain to the legalsystem. Activities can include research (e.g., validating an assessment tool) and practice (e.g., making riskassessment decisions).b. Researcher-As a researcher, the forensic psychologist is concerned with mental health issues as they pertain to thelegal system, but also any other research issues that relate to the law or legal system. Examples of potentialactivities includeexamining the effectiveness of risk assessment strategies, determining factors thatinfluence jury decision making, studying the impact of questioning style on eyewitness recall, etc.c. Legal scholar-As a legal scholar, the forensic psychologist is interested in the analysis of mental health law andpsychologically oriented legal movements. Most of the activities of the legal scholar revolve around policyanalysis (e.g., taser use in police agencies) and legislative consultation (e.g., mandatory arrest legislation indomestic violence cases).4.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-2-04Page-Reference:16-17Answer:a. Psychology and the law-Psychology is viewed as a separate discipline to the law and is used to test various assumptions made bythe law or legal system.-E.g., determining whether risk of violence canbe accurately predicted using a specific assessment toolb. Psychology in the law-Psychological knowledge is applied directly within the context of the legal system as it operates.-E.g., the provision of expert testimony about factors that influence the accuracy of eyewitnessidentifications in a court casec. Psychology of the law-Psychology is used to study the law itself-E.g., a legal scholar examining whether certain laws have helped to reduce the crime rate5.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-2-05Page-Reference:18Answer:-The two main functions of expert witnesses are to provide the court with information that assiststhem in understanding the issues at hand and to provide the court with an opinion (which must fall within thelimits of their areas of expertise).-Expert witnesses differ from ordinary witnesses in that they are able to provide their opinion on a particularmatter, whereas ordinary witnesses are only able to testify about what they have directly observed.6.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-2-06Page-Reference:19Answer:a. Knowledge-In psychology, knowledge is gained through cumulative research.-In the law, knowledge is acquired through precedent, logical thinking, and case law.b. Methodology-In psychology, methods are predominantly nomothetic (i.e., goal isto uncover general trends andprocesses).-In the law, the methodological approach is idiographic (i.e., operates on a case-by-case basis).c. Nature of law-Psychology is descriptive, the goal being to describe how people behave.-Law is prescriptive, telling people how they should behave.d. Epistemology-In psychology, it is assumed that there is an objective truth that can potentially be uncovered using theexperimental method.-In the law, truth is defined subjectively and is based on who can present the most convincing argument.e. Principles-In psychology, alternative explanations are considered (i.e., falsifiability).-The lawyer's goal is to convince the court that his/her explanation is solely correct.f. Criteria-Psychology iscautious and conservative in accepting a hypothesis as true (results must be replicated,etc.).-Law decides truth on the basis of a single case and a criterion that is far more lenient.g. Latitude-The behaviour of a psychologist providing expert testimony in court is severely restricted.-The behaviour of a lawyer within the court is subject to far fewer restrictions.Note. The student need only provide four of the seven dimensions to receive full marks.7.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:01-2-07Page-Reference:20-21

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Answer:-The general acceptance test is a standard for accepting expert testimony. It states that experttestimony will be admissible in court if the basis of the testimony is generally accepted within the scientificcommunity in which it belongs.-This test formed the basis for admissibility decisions for many years in the United States; however, themajor criticism associated with it comes from the vagueness of terms such as "general acceptance" and "theparticular field in which it belongs" and whether judges are able to appropriately determine the scope ofthese terms.8.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:01-2-08Page-Reference:21Answer:1) The research has been peer reviewed.2) The research is testable (i.e., falsifiable through experimentation).3) The research has a recognized rate of error.4) The research adheres to professional standards.9.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:01-2-09Page-Reference:21-22Answer:a. TheMohancriteria are the Canadian criteria which outline factors that should be consideredwhen determining the admissibility of expert testimony in court. The four criteria are:-The evidence must be relevant.-The evidence must be necessary for assisting the trier of fact (i.e., it goes beyond the commonunderstanding of court).-The evidence must not violate any rules of exclusion (i.e., it must not relate to whether a witness is tellingthe truth).-The testimony must be provided by a qualified expert.b. These criteria are potentially problematic as they are highly subject to the discretion of the judge andjudges can sometimes be wrong (e.g., the judge determines if the evidence actually goes beyond thecommon understanding of the jury).

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Chapter 02: Police PsychologyChapter 02 Multiple Choice Questions1.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-01Page-Reference:28Answer:Police selection2.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-02Page-Reference:29Answer:cognitive ability tests3.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-03Page-Reference:29Answer:intelligence

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4.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-04Page-Reference:29Answer:background checks5.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-05Page-Reference:29, 30Answer:The police aptitude test and the six factor personality questionnaire.6.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-06Page-Reference:29Answer:background checks7.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-07Page-Reference:29Answer:polygraph test8.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-08Page-Reference:30Answer:PARE9.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-09Page-Reference:31Answer:Sarah: has a public relations background, volunteered at a children's fitness program, hasreceived leadership awards, got top grades in her degree program, and is considered responsible andtrustworthy.10.

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Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-10Page-Reference:31, 33Answer:Sets of characteristics that define a "good" police officer.11.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-11Page-Reference:31-32Answer:The need to ensure that the results of a policeselection instrument are related to some measureof police performance.12.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-12Page-Reference:31Answer:predictive validity13.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-13Page-Reference:32Answer:There is no relationship between the selection instrument and job performance ratings.

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14.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-14Page-Reference:32-33Answer:All of the above15.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-15Page-Reference:33Answer:There is disagreement on how to best measure theperformance of police officers.16.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-16Page-Reference:33-34Answer:There is little research examining the predictive validity of the interview.17.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-17Page-Reference:34Answer:used with caution18.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-18Page-Reference:34Answer:RPAT19.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-19Page-Reference:35Answer:academy performance, on-the-job performance20.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-20Page-Reference:35Answer:MMPI

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21.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-21Page-Reference:35-36Answer:MMPI-2 Lie Scale22.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-22Page-Reference:36Answer:Inwald Personality Inventory23.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-23Page-Reference:36Answer:IPI24.

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Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-24Page-Reference:36Answer:situational tests25.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-25Page-Reference:36-37Answer:a situational test26.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-26Page-Reference:36Answer:moderate predictive validity.27.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-27Page-Reference:39Answer:All of the above.

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28.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-28Page-Reference:39Answer:racial profiling29.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-29Page-Reference:41Answer:The recent movement towards deinstitutionalization of mentally ill individuals.30.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-30Page-Reference:42Answer:mentally ill individuals had significantly more contact with the police.

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31.Difficulty:HardQuestionID:02-1-31Page-Reference:44Answer:Criminal Code32.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-32Page-Reference:44-45Answer:less than 1%33.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-33Page-Reference:44-45Answer:Police use of force.34.

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Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-34Page-Reference:45Answer:Suspects in use-of-force encounters are usually under the influence of drugs or alcohol at thetime of the encounter.35.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-35Page-Reference:46Answer:Robert Dziekanski36.Difficulty:EasyQuestionID:02-1-36Page-Reference:46-47Answer:officer presence37.Difficulty:ModerateQuestionID:02-1-37Page-Reference:46-47Answer:Following the continuum completely removes the need for police discretion in use-of-forcesituations.

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