Test Bank for Leadership in Organizations, 9th Edition

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1Leadership in Organizations, 9e(Yukl)Chapter 1The Nature of Leadership1) What is the best explanation for so many different definitions of leadership?A) scholarly nitpicking about trivial issuesB)disagreement about what should be included in thedefinitionC) little opportunity for rigorous scientific analysisD) leadership is a very old topic with centuries of definitionsAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership hasbeen defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate2) What is the most common element in definitions of leadership?A) Leadership is an authority relationship.B) Leadership is the ability to make good decisions.C) Leadership is an attribution made by followers.D) Leadership is an influence process.Answer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate3) Definitions of leadership ________.A) are usually derived by systematic observation ofleadersB) are only minor variations of the same general descriptionC) are important for designing and interpreting researchD) are pointless because there is no basis for their verificationAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate4) What process is emphasized in the definition of leadership proposed by Yukl?A) influencing followers to have complete trust in the leaderB) motivating followers to domore than they initially expectedC) empowering each follower to become self reliantD) facilitating collective efforts to accomplish shared objectivesAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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25) Leadership effectiveness is best assessed ________.A) by evaluations from the leader's bossB) by subordinate evaluations of the leaderC) by a variety ofsubjective and objective criteriaD) by objective indicators of group performanceAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate6) Most leadership theories emphasize ________.A) leader characteristicsB) follower characteristicsC) both leader and follower characteristicsD) characteristics of the leadership situationAnswer: ALearning Objective:Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy7) What aspect of leadership has been emphasized most often in leadership theories and researchduring the past half century?A) leader traits and skillsB) leadership behaviorC) leader power and authorityD) the leadership situationAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy8) Whatlevel of leadership processes is emphasized in most theories of effective leadership?A) intra-individualB) dyadicC) groupD) organizationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB:Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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39) A theory that identifies the essential behaviors for any type of leader is best classified as________.A) descriptive and universalB) prescriptive and universalC) descriptive and situationalD)prescriptive and situationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand which aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate10) A theory that emphasizes leader traits and skills as determinants of leadership behavior isbest categorized at what level?A) individualB) dyadicC) groupD) organizationalAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate11) A theory that explains the most effective pattern of leadership behavior in a specifiedsituation is best classified as ________.A) descriptiveB) prescriptiveC) universalD) comprehensiveAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand which aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate12) A theory that describes how changes by top management in the structure and culture of anorganization affect the behavior of employees is bestdescribed as a ________ theory.A) prescriptiveB) hierarchicalC) multi-levelD) complexityAnswer:CLearning Objective:Understand which aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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413) Most of the leadership theory and research has described ________ leadership.A) directB) ethicalC)informalD) toxicAnswer:ALearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy14) A leadership theory that describes relationships among leader traits, behavior, influenceprocesses, outcomes, and situational variables is best classified as ________.A) descriptiveB) integrativeC) comprehensiveD) universalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand which aspects of leadership have been studied the most.AACSB: AnalyticalthinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate15) Which is the LEAST accurate statement about the outcomes of leadership actions?A) Immediate and delayed outcomes are usually consistent with each other.B)Immediate outcomes are easier to predict than end-resultoutcomes.C) Immediate and delayed outcomes are usually interrelated in complex causal chains.D) End-result outcomes are less useful as criteria of leadership effectiveness.Answer: ALearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate16) Which statement about leaders and managers is MOST accurate according to Yukl?A) Managers and leaders are differenttypes of people.B) Managing and leading are mutually exclusive and unrelated.C) Managing is not important for effective leadership.D) Leadership is important for the success of most managers.Answer: ALearning Objective: Understand the different waysleadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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517) The numerous definitions of leadership ________.A) are almost identicalB) overlap a great dealC) have nothing in commonD) differ in many respectsAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy18) The differences among the various definitions of leadership ________.A)are nothing more than scholarly nit-pickingB) merely express the same criteria in different terminologyC) reflect deep disagreement about the identification of leaders and leadership processesD) reject the assumption that it is a process in which intention influence is exerted over otherpeopleAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different waysleadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate19) On which assumption do most definitions of leadership agree?A) Deliberate influence is exercised over other people.B) Influence over others is to be avoided.C) Influence should be exerted to punish, not to motivate.D) People cannot be influenced to do something they do not wish to do.Answer: ALearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate20) Researchers who view leadership as a ________ are more likely to pay attention to theattributes that determine selection of designated leaders.A) shared influence processB) specialized roleC) group engagement activityD) function that jeopardizes the effectiveness of the groupAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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621) Which is true of the body of thinking that views leadership as a specialized role?A)It suggests that a person in the group cannot perform both leader and follower roles at thesame time.B) It distinguishes between leader and follower roles.C) It does not consider the effects of the leader's behavior on othermembers of the group.D) Less attention is paid to the typical behavior of designated leaders.Answer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate22) Most behavioral scientists and practitioners ________.A) dispute that leadership is a useful scientific constructB) agree completely on the definition of leadershipC) have lost interest in the subject of leadershipD) believe that leadership is a real and important phenomenonAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate23) Researchers who consider leadership to be an influence process that occurs within a societalsystem, diffused among the members, ________.A) posit that leadership is best studied as a specialized roleB) suggest that leadership may only be exhibited informallyC) believe it is more useful to study leadership as a pattern of relationshipsD)contend that leadership is important for the success of most managersAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate24)The ethical use of power ________.A) should not limit the definition of leadershipB) must restrict the type of influence processes that researchers studyC) is not of concern to most leadership scholarsD) is not a legitimate concernAnswer: ALearningObjective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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725) Should the domain of leadership processes to study be limited by the leader's intendedpurpose?A) No, because acts of leadership have multiple motives, andit is seldom possible to determinethe extent to which they are selfless rather than selfish.B) Yes, because leadership only occurs when people are influenced to do what is ethical andbeneficial for the organization and themselves.C) No, because the actions of a leader are never more detrimental than beneficial for followers.D) Yes, because actions motivated solely by a leader's personal needs cannot result in unintendedbenefits for followers.Answer: ALearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate26) Until the 1980s, few theories of leadership recognized the importance of ________ as a basisfor influence.A) reasonB) emotionC) monetary gainD) prestigeAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate27)The conceptualization of leadership should include ________ processes.A) neither rational nor emotionalB) both rational and emotionalC) rational but not emotionalD) emotional but not rationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate28) Which of the following is an example of indirect leadership?A) emailingB) textingC) presenting a speechD) cascadingAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Application of knowledgeDifficulty Level: Easy

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829)________ leadership is the term used to describe how a chief executive can influence peopleat lower levels in the organization who do have immediate contact with the leader.A) DirectB) IndirectC) Specialized roleD) Influence processAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate30)Which statement is true in the context of the ongoing controversy about the distinctionbetween management and leadership?A) A person cannot be a leader without being a manager.B) A person cannot have the job title "manager" without at least one subordinate to lead.C) There is clear agreement on the area of overlap between management and leadership.D) Leadership can be viewed as one of several managerial roles.Answer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate31) In this text, leadership is treated as ________.A) a specialized role but not a social influence processB) a social influence process but not a specialized roleC) both a social influence processbut not a specialized roleD) neither a specialized role nor a social influence processAnswer: CLearning Objective:Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate32) In this text, the terms leader, ________ are used interchangeably to refer to people whooccupy positions in which they are expected toperform the leadership role, but without anyassumptions about their actual behavior or success.A) manager, and bossB) subordinate, and managerC) subordinate, and direct reportD) staff, and bossAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the differentways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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933)In the text, the term ________ is used to describe a person who acknowledges the focalleader as the primary source of guidance about the work, regardless of how much formalauthority the leader actually has over the person.A) subordinateB) partnerC) outsiderD) followerAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate34) Conceptions of leader effectiveness ________.A) are based on the same criteriaB) differ from one writer to anotherC) have nothing in commonD) do not reflect effectiveness in terms of the consequences of influenceAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership has been defined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate35) Which is an example of a subjective measure of performance?A) net profitsB) return on investmentC) rating obtained from the leader's superiorsD) costs in relation to budgeted expendituresAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Application of knowledgeDifficulty Level: Easy36) Market share is an example of a(n) ________ measure of performance.A) ineffectiveB) objectiveC) subjectiveD) relativeAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Application of knowledgeDifficulty Level: Moderate

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1037) Follower attitudes and perceptions of the leader are ________.A) nota common indicator of effectivenessB) usually measured with questionnaires or interviewsC) calculated using sales dataD) impossible to measureAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB:Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate38) Which question is NOT related to follower attitudes and perceptions of the leader?A) How well does the leader satisfy the needs and expectations of followers?B) Do followers perceive the leader to have high integrity?C) Has the leader increased the productivity of the followers?D) Do followers trust the leader?Answer: CLearning Objective:Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate39) Which question concerns measuring leader effectiveness in terms of the leaders' contributionto the quality of group processes, as perceived by followers or outside observers?A) Do followers like, respect, and admire the leader?B) Have sales figures achieved by followers increased during the leader's tenure?C) Are followers likely to resist or subvert the leader's requests?D) Does the leader contribute to the efficiency of role specialization?Answer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate40) Which of the followingwould be MOST relevant to measuringthe extent to which a personhas had a successful career as a leader?A) A leader enhances group cohesiveness.B) A leader has a rapid ascent to positions of higher authority.C) A leader decreases costs in relation tobudgeted expenditures.D) A leader improves the quality of work life for followers.Answer: BLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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1141) The ________ result of an influence attempt is whether followers are willing to do what theleader asks, but a(n) ________ effect is how well followers actually perform the assignment.A) immediate; delayedB) delayed; immediateC) follower; leaderD)leader; followerAnswer: ALearning Objective:Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy42)When the immediate and delayed effects on the same criterion are inconsistent, theimmediate outcome ________.A) will be positive while the delayed outcome will be even more positiveB) will be negative while the delayed outcome will be positiveC) is likely to be identical to the delayed outcomeD) may be very different from the delayed outcomeAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate43)Which is the most common method used to study leadership effectiveness?A) descriptions of leader actions and decisions from observation and diaries, and criticalincidentsB) examination of social networks within organizationsC) questionnaires filled outby subordinates and other people who interact with the leaderD) experiments in which researchers assess effects of different patterns of leader behavior ongroup processes and outcomesAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate44) The use of multiple methods for studying leadership ________.A) is the norm among researchers todayB)tends to be more common than using one familiar, well-accepted methodC) minimizes the limitations of a single methodD) muddles the research results and is therefore ineffectiveAnswer:CLearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadership effectiveness is determined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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1245) ________ can be content analyzed to identify behavior used by effective and ineffectiveleaders.A)Biographies of famous leadersB) Questionnaires filled out by leadersthemselvesC) Videos that show different patterns of leadership behaviorD) Fictional accounts of group behaviorAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the different ways leadershipeffectiveness is determined.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate46) Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of variables that are relevant forunderstanding leadership effectiveness?A) characteristics of leadersB) characteristics of followersC) characteristics of industriesD) characteristics of situationsAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy47) ________ is an example of the "characteristics of the situation" key variable.A) Skills and expertiseB) National cultural valuesC) Influence tacticsD) Task commitment and effortAnswer: BLearning Objective:Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate48) Confidence and optimism is a characteristic of which key variable(s) in leadership theories?A) characteristics of the leaderB) characteristics of the followersC) characteristics of the situationD) characteristics of both the leader and the followersAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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1349)Most leadership theories emphasize ________ as the primary basis for explaining effectiveleadership.A) one category more than the othersB) two categories, equallyC) two categories, with one featured more prominently,D) all three categoriesAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy50)Which of the following is NOT one of the five approaches into which the theories andempirical researchreviewed in the text are classified?A) trait approachB) behavior approachC) nature-nurture approachD) power-influence approachAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: ReflectivethinkingDifficulty Level: Easy51) The ________ approach emphasizes attributes of leaders such as personality, motives,values, and skills.A) behaviorB) traitC) power-influenceD) situationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the major typesof leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate52) The ________ approach began in the early 1950s after many researchers becamediscouraged with the ________ approach and began to pay closer attention to what managersactually do on the job.A) behavior; traitB) power-influence; situationalC) trait; behaviorD) situational; power-influenceAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Easy

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1453)The most common research method in the behavior approach has been a ________.A) laboratory experimentB) field experimentC) critical incidentD) survey field studyAnswer: DLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate54) In the power-influence approach, power is viewed as ________.A) valuable only for the degree to which it influences subordinatesB) essential for influencing industry trendsC) important for influencing subordinates as well as peers, superiors, clients, and suppliersD) secondary to other leader behaviors including tireless energy and penetrating intuitionAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate55) Charismatic and transformational leadership ________.A) emphasize leader and follower values as well as leader behaviorB) highlight the importance of contextual factors that influence leader behaviorC) explain leadership effectiveness in terms of the amount and type of power possessed by aleaderD) emphasize personality, motives, values, and skillsAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate56)Theories of ethical leadership, authentic leadership, servant leadership, and spiritualleadership all view leader ________ as the foundation for the leader's goals and behaviors andtheir impact on followers.A) behaviorsB) traitsC) valuesD) situationsAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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1557) Leadership can be described as a(n) ________ process involving leader interaction with onesubordinate.A) intra-individualB) dyadicC) groupD) organizationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate58) Which is a typical research question for the intra-individual level of conceptualization?A) How do leaders make decisions about competitive strategy and external initiatives?B) How is leadership shared in the group or team?C) How does a leader influence subordinate motivation and task commitment?D) How are leaders influenced by role expectations and constraint?Answer: DLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate59) At which level of conceptualization is the research question, "How leaders influence theshared mental models of team members?"A) intra-individualB) dyadicC) groupD) organizationAnswer: CLearning Objective: Understand the major types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate60) As compared to ________ theories of leadership, ________ theories usually provide a betterexplanation of financial performance by an organization.A) dyadic or group-level; organization-levelB) organization-level or group-level; dyadicC) dyadic or organization-level; group-levelD) organization-level or group-level; intra-individualAnswer: ALearning Objective: Understand themajor types of leadership theories that have been studied.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty Level: Moderate

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