Test Bank For Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding 4th Edition Test Bank

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Review for your exam confidently with Test Bank For Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding 4th Edition Test Bank, a guide designed to cover key topics and test your knowledge.

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1
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
Quick Quiz 1 Multiple Choice 4, 8, 10 1, 6, 9 2–3, 5, 7
Quick Quiz 2 Multiple Choice 6, 9 1–2, 5, 7 3–4, 8, 10
Learning Objective 1.1a
Explain why psychology is
more than just common
sense.
Multiple Choice 3–4, 10, 12 1–2, 5–6, 8 7, 9
Fill-in-the-Blank 1–2
Essay
Critical Thinking
Learning Objective 1.1b
Explain the importance of
science as a set of safeguards
against biases.
Multiple Choice 15–16, 22–23, 33–
34, 36
13–14, 17, 21, 24,
29, 37–38
18–20, 25–28,
30–32, 35
Fill-in-the-Blank 3
Essay 1
Critical Thinking 1 1
Learning Objective 1.2a
Describe psychological
pseudoscience and
distinguish it from
psychological science.
Multiple Choice 39, 42–43, 46, 48–
50, 58
47, 56 40–41, 45, 51–
55, 57, 119
Fill-in-the-Blank 4–6
Essay 2
Critical Thinking 2
Learning Objective 1.2b
Identify reasons we are
drawn to pseudoscience.
Multiple Choice 62–64, 68, 70, 76 44, 59–60, 69 61, 65–67, 71–
75, 77
Fill-in-the-Blank 7–8, 10–11 9, 12–13
Essay
Critical Thinking 3
Learning Objective 1.3a
Identify the key features of
scientific skepticism.
Multiple Choice 79–81, 85 78, 83–84 82
Fill-in-the-Blank 14 15
Essay
Critical Thinking
Learning Objective 1.3b
Identify and explain the
text’s six principles of
scientific thinking.
Multiple Choice 86, 88, 90–91, 97,
99, 102, 109, 114,
116–117
11, 96, 98, 104,
108, 111–113
87, 89, 92–95,
100–101, 103,
105–107, 110,
115, 118
Fill-in-the-Blank 17–19 16
Essay 3
Critical Thinking 4
Learning Objective 1.4a
Identify the major theoretical
frameworks of psychology.
Multiple Choice 120–125, 129–130,
132, 135, 137
126, 131, 136 127–128, 133–
134
Fill-in-the-Blank 20–23 24
Essay 4
Critical Thinking
Learning Objective 1.4b
Describe different types of
psychologists and ide
what each of them does.
Multiple Choice 138, 140–141, 144 143 139, 142
Fill-in-the-Blank
Critical Thinking
Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
Total Assessment Guide

2
90
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
Learning Objective
1.4c
Describe the two great
debates that have shaped
the field of psychology.
Multiple Choice 146, 149, 151 147, 150 145, 148
Fill-in-the-Blank 25
Essay 5–6
Critical Thinking
Learning Objective
1.4d
Describe how
psychological research
affects our daily lives.
Multiple Choice 152, 155 153–154
Fill-in-the-Blank 26
Essay
Critical Thinking

3
Name _____________________________________________
Chapter 1 Quick Quiz 1
1. A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that __________.
A) people are influenced by others’ thoughts and behaviors
B) a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable
C) a person’s culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors
D) a person’s future behavior is often difficult to predict accurately
2. Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming. To be consistent with
a scientific method, students should develop their hypotheses based on __________.
A) their own existing beliefs about the issue B) reports discussed on television
C) untestable predictions D) a well-supported scientific theory
3. Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate of other machines.
When Curtis questioned such a claim with the manufacturer, the customer service representative stated this was a
new system and previous research on weight loss was not applicable. This example illustrates which warning sign of
pseudoscience?
A) evasion of peer review B) absence of connectivity
C) overreliance on anecdotes D) lack of self-correction
4. Assuming that something is true simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so, is an example of the
__________ fallacy.
A) appeal to authority B) circular reasoning
C) hasty generalization D) naturalistic
5. Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory. After conducting
the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to
accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of __________.
A) dogmatism B) gullibility
C) pathological skepticism D) scientific skepticism
6. An astute observer of human nature should state research questions in a manner that leads either to their being
supported or refuted by the available evidence. This is the critical thinking principle of __________.
A) falsifiability B) Occam’s Razor
C) replicability D) ruling out rival hypotheses
7. A classmate tells you the following: “It’s not how a teacher answers your question that matters, but how you
interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her
answer.” This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as __________.
A) behaviorism B) cognitivism
C) psychoanalysis D) structuralism
8. A __________ psychologist works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and assist in
rehabilitation.
A) clinical B) school
C) biological D) forensic

4
9. Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will?
A) Most of people’s behavior is deliberate and controlled.
B) People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior.
C) Recent brain imaging studies have shown that readiness potential and conscious intention to behave co-occur.
D) We select when, where, and how to assert our option to engage in one behavior rather than in another.
10. What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?
A) William James
B) Carl Rogers
C) B. F. Skinner
D) John Watson

5
Chapter 1 Quick Quiz 1 Answer Key
1. B Explanation: Most behaviors are the result of multiple factors. A single-factor explanation is very rarely
accurate. (What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition, Conceptual, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.1a)
2. D Explanation: A hypothesis is a testable prediction derived from a scientific theory. (What Is Psychology?
Science Versus Intuition, Applied, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.1b)
3. B Explanation: One of the warning signs of pseudoscience is lack of connectivity to other research (i.e.,
findings that are vastly different than those of previous research on the same topic). (Psychological
Pseudoscience: Imposters of Science, Applied, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.2a)
4. A Explanation: The authors point out that even authority figures or experts in a particular topic must be
questioned and their claims must be subjected to intense scrutiny. (Psychological Pseudoscience: Imposters
of Science, Factual, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.2b)
5. D Explanation: Scientific skepticism requires us to be open to all possibilities, including the possibility that
our own theories are not accurate. (Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction, Applied, APA
LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.3a)
6. A Explanation: In order for a theory to be valuable, 6it must be capable of being demonstrated to be wrong
(Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction, Conceptual, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.3b)
7. B Explanation: The cognitive school of thought suggests that it is our interpretation of things that happen to
us that matters. (Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Applied, APA LO
1.2, TEXT LO 1.4a)
8. D Explanation: This is a general job description of a forensic psychologist. (Psychology’s Past and Present:
What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Factual, APA LO 5.1, TEXT LO 14b)
9. B Explanation: The idea that people often do things without truly knowing why is counterevidence to the
concept of free will. (Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been. Conceptual,
APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.4c)
10. D Explanation: As one of the earlier pioneers of the behavioral school of thought, Watson’s influence spread
into many fields. (Topic: Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Factual,
APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO 1.4d)

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6
Name _____________________________________________
Chapter 1 Quick Quiz 2
1. If you examine the research that has been conducted in psychology, you will find that much of the knowledge
from popular, less-scientific psychology sources __________.
A) is consistent with the results of psychological research
B) is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated
C) is not able to be studied empirically
D) is of no or very little interest to psychologists
2. Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong, we are usually reluctant to give up cherished notions. This
phenomenon is known as __________.
A) belief perseverance
B) the confirmation bias
C) the availability heuristic
D) the fundamental attribution
3. A group of animal behaviorists has discovered several new species of insects in the Amazon jungle. They collect
the new species for later study back at the camp. Due to advances in computer technology, they are able to transfer
their findings immediately to other researchers studying insects. Their willingness to share these findings with other
scientists shows their commitment to __________.
A) critical thinking B) falsifiability
C) peer review D) pseudoscience
4. The fact that many people, when looking at the moon that orbits Earth, see a face (commonly called “the man in
the moon”) can be explained by the phenomenon of __________.
A) chaotics
B) metaphysics
C) patternicity
D) apophenia
5. Time, expertise, and resources are all obstacles that __________.
A) diminish skepticism
B) diminish metaphysical claims
C) increase reliance on authorities
D) increase reliance on empiricism
6. In the natural world, there often are many different factors associated with the occurrence of a particular outcome.
Therefore it is important that we as critical thinkers __________ whenever possible.
A) create unfalsifiable theories B) propose complex statements of causation
C) remember that correlation equals causation D) rule out rival hypotheses
7. With its concern on the adaptive functions provided by the various psychological characteristics, evolutionary
psychology is most like what early psychological school of thought?
A) Behaviorism B) Functionalism
C) Psychoanalysis D) Structuralism
8. Nico is meeting with his academic advisor. He wishes to pursue a career where he’ll work to diagnose and treat
mental disorders. Nico aspires to be a(n) __________ psychologist.
A) clinical B) experimental
C) forensic D) school

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7
9. Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to argue that free will is something that does not truly
exist, and that we are simply unaware of the environmental influences that affect our behaviors at any given
moment?
A) B. F. Skinner B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt D) Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
10. If you were conducting a study designed to determine which type of psychotherapy is most effective in the
treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, what type of research would you employ?
A) basic B) applied
C) academic D) sociobiological

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8
Chapter 1 Quick Quiz 2 Answer Key
1. B Explanation: Many of the popular beliefs are demonstrated to be incorrect when they are appropriately
researched. (What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition, Conceptual, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.1a)
2. A Explanation: Belief perseverance is the tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence
contradicts them. (What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO
1.1b)
3. C Explanation: Many warning signs help us to recognize pseudoscience, including lack of peer review. Peer
review is necessary for a truly scientific process. (Psychological Pseudoscience: Imposters of Science,
Applied, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.2a)
4. C Explanation: Patternicity is the tendency to see order, or structure, where it does not exist. Seeing a “face”
in the various rocks and chasms of the moon is a good example of this phenomenon. (Psychological
Pseudoscience: Imposters of Science, Applied, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.2b)
5. C Explanation: The general population often doesn’t possess the expertise, time, or resources to evaluate
claims on our own. (Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction, Conceptual, APA LO 1.1,
TEXT LO 1.3a)
6. D Explanation: Our willingness to eliminate alternate explanations for a phenomenon is what is at play here.
(Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction, Factual, APA LO 2.1, TEXT LO 1.3b)
7. B Explanation: The theories of Charles Darwin and evolutionary psychology were most salient to the school
of thought known as Functionalism. (Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been,
Conceptual, APA LO 1.2, TEXT LO 1.4c)
8. A Explanation: The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders is the key responsibility of a
clinical psychologist. (Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Applied, APA
LO 5.1, TEXT LO 1.4b)
9. A Explanation: Skinner, a staunch behaviorist, believed that free will is an illusion. (Psychology’s Past and
Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Factual, APA LO 1.1, TEXT LO 1.4c)
10. B Explanation: Applied research examines how we can use basic research to solve real-world problems.
(Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been, Applied, APA LO 1.3, TEXT LO
1.4d)

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9
Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. When students begin to read through their introductory psychology textbook, they are often surprised
to learn that __________.
A) commonsense explanations abound in the field of psychology
Incorrect. Commonsense explanations are frequently accurate, but they are not consistent with the
science of psychology unless they have been appropriately researched.
B) many of their beliefs about the causes of thoughts and behaviors are incorrect
Correct. Popular psychology has led many people to have incorrect impressions about many
psychological phenomena.
C) psychologists do not study people’s everyday behaviors
D) psychology is a unique field of study separate from philosophy and biology
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 2.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
2. When you examine the research that has been conducted in psychology, you will find that much of the
knowledge from popular, less-scientific psychology sources ___________.
A) is consistent with the results of psychological research
B) is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated
Correct. Many of the popular beliefs are demonstrated to be incorrect when they are appropriately
researched.
C) is not able to be studied empirically
Incorrect. Most of the information that you will see in a psychology course is capable of being examined
empirically in one form of research or another. Not all questions, however, can be explored
experimentally. This means that cause-and-effect relationships cannot always be adequately
demonstrated.
D) is of no or very little interest to psychologists
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 2.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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10
3. According to the authors, psychology is a method for __________.
A) determining simple answers to complex questions
B) acquiring more insight into the hows and whys of human behavior
C) knowing how to turn people from maladaptive to adaptive actions, feelings, and thoughts
D) restating commonsense findings in a more convoluted manner
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
4. According to your authors, the discipline of psychology is best thought of as __________.
A) a field of self-help principles to eliminate mental problems
B) a mixture of anecdotes and personal intuition about human behavior and mental processes
C) a process for encouraging people to reach their ultimate potential
D) the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
5. A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that __________.
A) people are influenced by others’ thoughts and behaviors
B) a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable
Correct. Most behaviors are the result of multiple factors. A single-variable explanation is very rarely
accurate.
C) a person’s culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors
Incorrect. Recent years have seen an enormous increase in psychology’s recognition that the impact of
culture on behaviors must always be considered.
D) a person’s future behavior is often difficult to predict accurately
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 2.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
6. What is the term used to explain why different people can respond to the same situation in a variety of
manners?
A) idiosyncratic distracters
B) idiographic anomalies
C) individual differences
D) confounding variables
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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11
7. Michelle constantly tells her boyfriend Niccolai that he doesn’t pay attention to her, and that this is why
she tends to nag him to pay attention. Her repeated criticisms cause Niccolai to tune her out, which
causes her to nag him even more. This bidirectional pattern of influence is what Albert Bandura would
have called __________.
A) reciprocal determinism
Correct. Reciprocal determinism suggests that various behaviors affect each other mutually, at the same
time.
B) scientific skepticism
C) the premise of Occam’s Razor
Incorrect. Occam’s Razor suggests that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is usually the most
accurate explanation. It is not related to this question.
D) cyclical impingement
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Applied
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
8. Entire subfields of psychology focus on the __________ that distinguish one person’s interaction with
the world from another’s.
A) nomothetic applications
Incorrect. Your book does not reference something called nomothetic applications, but such a term would
refer to commonalities between people, not individual differences.
B) individual differences
Correct. Such differences between our reactions to various encounters with the world around us are what
underlie much of psychological research.
C) correlative traits
D) objective traits
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
9. A famous college football coach believes that if he bends down and eats a little of the grass every time
his team is visiting another school's stadium, his team will have good luck in the game. He has done this
for two years and has yet to lose an "away" game. His tendency to believe he sees the world correctly,
and that the world exists precisely as he sees it, is called __________.
A) popular psychology
B) naive realism
Correct. Naive realism refers to a person’s belief that he or she accurately and objectively sees the world
as it is.
C) common sense
Incorrect. It is an unfortunate truth that the way we want the world to be is infrequently the way the world
is. Common sense would tell us not to expect things to come out just the way we want them to.
D) a single-variable explanation
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Applied
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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12
10. __________ refers to the belief that we see the world precisely as it is.
A) Common sense
B) Confirmation bias
C) Single-variable explanation
D) Naive realism
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
11. A major problem with commonsense proverbs is that they often coexist with their complete opposite.
This violates which principle of critical thinking?
A) extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
B) falsifiability
Correct. Because the proverbs are true no matter which way you present them, they cannot be
demonstrated to be wrong. This violates the critical thinking principle of falsifiability.
C) Occam’s Razor
Incorrect. Occam’s Razor is a concept that suggests that the simplest explanation for an event is usually
the correct one.
D) replicability
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 2.1
TEXT LO: 1.3b Identify and explain the text’s six principles of scientific thinking.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
12. Which of the following is the best statement of your authors’ position regarding the use of intuition in
decision-making situations?
A) Intuition is actually the foundation of analysis, and thus there is no true distinction between these two
aspects of decision-making.
B) Intuition is more likely than not to lead to disastrous mistakes.
C) The existence of “intuition” is actually a myth, as decisions made without careful analysis are always
wrong.
D) Intuition comes in handy in many situations and often guides people to the truth.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.3
TEXT LO: 1.1a Explain why psychology is more than just common sense.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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13
13. Due to its reliance on proper research methods to help verify its claims, modern psychology is best
considered to be a __________.
A) collection of pieces of folk wisdom
B) series of contradictions to be sorted out
C) science
Correct. The study of psychology is a science, which means that there are specific methods for asking
questions, gathering data, and answering questions.
D) therapeutic process
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
14. A science is defined by __________.
A) knowledge
Incorrect. Science may be considered the quest for knowledge, but this is not how science is defined.
B) its concern with solving real-life practical problems
C) its popularity among the general public
D) its approach to dealing with evidence
Correct. Science is an approach to gathering and dealing with evidence that helps prevent us from fooling
ourselves.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
15. The science of psychology is often founded on __________, which is the premise that knowledge
should initially be acquired through observation.
A) pseudoscience
B) hypothesis-testing
Incorrect. A hypothesis is an educated guess regarding how variables will relate to each other which is
followed by testing the variables after gathering data. A hypothesis is part of the scientific method. This is
not the best answer, however.
C) theory
D) empiricism
Correct. This is the beginning of data collection within the science of psychology.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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14
16. In science, a scientific theory is defined as a(n) __________.
A) educated opinion about the natural world
B) explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world
Correct. In order for a premise to be considered useful, it must provide an explanation for a large number
of findings that occur in the natural world, including the psychological world.
C) personal understanding of natural laws
D) testable prediction about the natural world
Incorrect. A testable prediction about the natural world is a hypothesis, not a theory.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Factual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
17. When a psychologist mentions the term scientific theory, he or she is referring to something that
__________.
A) explains a single event
B) explains a wide range of observations
C) is no better an explanation than another person’s opinion
D) refers to an educated guess
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
18. Dr. Rashad offers the class an explanation for an extensive group of research findings connecting
emotionality and nonverbal communication. Her explanation for this group of findings is a(n) __________.
A) hypothesis
Incorrect. A hypothesis is a testable prediction—an educated guess—that is based on an existing theory.
B) empirical conclusion
C) operational definition
D) scientific theory
Correct. A scientific theory is an explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Applied
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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15
19. Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming. To be
consistent with a scientific method, students should develop their hypotheses based on __________.
A) their own existing beliefs about the issue
Incorrect. In fact, for research to be as “clean” and accurate as possible, researchers have to be very
careful NOT to let their own beliefs or biases influence their research.
B) reports discussed on television
C) untestable predictions
D) a well-supported scientific theory
Correct. A hypothesis is a testable prediction derived from a scientific theory.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Skill: Applied
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
20. Dr. Richburg’s botany class gathers specimens outside of the classroom for further study. Dr.
Richburg instructs his students to develop a scientific theory that helps explain the biodiversity of the
plants. The resulting theory should __________.
A) provide an educated guess about the biodiversity of the plants
B) explain observations about the plants and predict new findings about plant biodiversity
Correct. A scientific theory is an explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world that leads
to testable predictions.
C) explain a few findings about the biodiversity of the plants
Incorrect. A theory is an explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.
D) interpret what has already been discovered about the biodiversity of the plants
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Applied
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
21. Which of the following would be best described as an “educated guess”?
A) method
B) theory
Incorrect. A theory is actually generated as a result of past research, and is used to guide the educated
guesses, or hypotheses, about future explorations.
C) hypothesis
Correct. A hypothesis is a testable prediction that is derived from an existing scientific theory. Therefore, it
is a guess about a specific outcome that is informed by past knowledge.
D) design
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
APA LO: 1.1
TEXT LO: 1.1b Explain the importance of science as a set of safeguards against biases.
Topic: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition

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