Test Bank for Society: The Basics, 15th Edition

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Test Bank for Society: The Basics, 15th Edition is a detailed collection of real exam questions and answers to make your preparation easier.

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Test Bank
For
Society
The Basics
Fifteenth Edition
John J. Macionis, Kenyon College

iii
Table of Contents
1 Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method 1
2 Culture 49
3 Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age 92
4 Social Interaction in Everyday Life 123
5 Mass Media and Social Media 153
6 Groups and Organizations 180
7 Sexuality and Society 212
8 Deviance 239
9 Social Stratification 269
10 Global Stratification 314
11 Gender Stratification 343
12 Race and Ethnicity 372
13 Economics and Politics 401
14 Family and Religion 449
15 Education, Health, and Medicine 493
16 Population, Urbanization, and Environment 544
17 Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies 576

Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
1
Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method
In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes in
Society: The Basics, 15th edition. The questions are tagged according to four levels of
learning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The four levels
are:
Remember the Facts: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material
Understand the Concepts: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideas
Apply What You Know: a question applying sociological knowledge to some new
situation
Analyze It: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and their
interrelationship
The 182 questions in this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types. True/False
questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, two-thirds of these are
“Remember the Facts” questions, and all of them fall within the lowest three levels of
cognitive reasoning (“Remember the Facts,” “Understand the Concepts,” and “Apply
What You Know”). Multiple-choice questions span a broader range of skills (almost
half are “Remember the Facts” questions and the remainder are divided among the three
higher levels). Short answer questions also span a broad range of skills (from
“Understand the Concepts” to “Analyze It”). Finally, essay questions are the most
demanding because they include the highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply What
You Know” and “Analyze It”).
Types of Questions
True/False Mult Choice Short
Answer
Essay Total Qs
Remember
the Facts
35 (64%) 43 (43%) 0 0 78
Understand
the Concepts
14 (25%) 22 (22%) 7 (41%) 0 43
Apply What
You Know
6 (11%) 14 (14%) 2 (12%) 2 (20%) 24
Analyze It 0 21 (21%) 8 (47%) 8 (80%) 37
55 100 17 10 182

Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1. Most people in the United States marry partners who differ from themselves in terms
of race and ethnicity.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. According to sociologists, human behavior reflects our personal “free will.”
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
3. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
4. Sociologists focus only on unusual patterns of behavior.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
5. Using the sociological perspective, we would conclude that people’s lives are mostly a
result of what they decide to do.
Answer: False

Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
3
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
6. College students in the U.S. tend to come from families with above-average incomes.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
7. Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower
suicide rates.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
8. In the United States, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
9. In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
10. In the United States, white people have a lower suicide rate than Hispanics.
Answer: False

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
11. People with lower social standing are usually more likely to see the world from a
sociological perspective than people who are well off.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
12. U.S. sociologist C. Wright Mills argued that times of social crisis foster widespread
sociological thinking.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
13. C. Wright Mills claimed that, most of the time, people must learn to take
responsibility for their own problems.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
14. A global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
15. Societies around the world are more interconnected than ever before.

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
5
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
16. Studying other societies is a good way to learn about our own way of life.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
17. In the nineteenth century, revolutionary changes in European societies sparked the
development of sociology.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
18. As a discipline, sociology first took root in France, Germany, and England.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
19. Among all academic disciplines, sociology is one of the youngest.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
20. The term “sociology” was coined by Emile Durkheim in 1898.

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
6
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
21. Ancient philosophers, including Plato, were primarily interested in imagining the
“ideal” society rather than studying society as it really is.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
22. The last of Comte’s three stages is the metaphysical stage, in which people know the
world in terms of God’s will.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
23. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed that society reflected the basic
goodness of human nature.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
24. Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society in the
same way that there are laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
7
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
25. Based on the research by Barbara Ehrenreich, who tried to live by working at low-
wage jobs, we would expect most people in such jobs to be able to move ahead to better
paying work.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for
developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.
Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
26. Sociological research may be interesting, but it is of little use in shaping public
policy, including legislation.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for
developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.
Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
27. The sociological perspective helps us to assess the truth of the “common sense”
beliefs most people tend to take for granted.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for
developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.
Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
28. The sociological perspective highlights how society affects only the least privileged
people.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for
developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.
Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
29. Sociology is useful training for any job that involves working with people.
Answer: True

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
8
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for
developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.
Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
30. Sociologists test their theories by gathering facts in order to confirm, reject, or modify
them.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
31. The chapter explains that, in general, areas of the country with high population
density have high rates of suicide.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
32. The structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction approaches are
three basic theoretical approaches in sociology.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
33. According to Robert K. Merton, all social patterns are good and have the same
beneficial effect on all members of a society.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
34. Rarely are people aware of all the functions of any social structure.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
9
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
35. Keeping young people out of a tight labor market is one latent function of higher
education.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
36. The manifest functions of our society’s reliance on personal automobiles include tens
of thousands of deaths each year in traffic accidents.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
37. To say that a social pattern is “dysfunctional” means that it has more than one
function for the operation of society.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
38. The goal of the structural-functional approach is not simply to understand how
society operates, but to reduce social inequality.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
39. In the United States, secondary schools place students in college preparatory or
vocational “tracks” that partially reflect the social background of their families.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
10
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
40. Both feminism and the gender-conflict approach highlight ways in which women are
unequal to men.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
41. W. E. B. Du Bois translated the writings of Auguste Comte from French into English.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
42. Harriet Martineau, who wrote about the evils of slavery and the need to improve the
lives of factory workers, is regarded as the first woman sociologist.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
43. Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were
married to important sociologists.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
44. Like the gender-conflict approach, the race-conflict approach is concerned with social
inequality.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
11
45. W. E. B. Du Bois wrote a classic study of the African American community in
Philadelphia.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
46. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois encouraged sociologists to avoid studying
controversial topics such as racial inequality.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
47. Both Karl Marx and W. E. B. Du Bois carried out their work guided by the structural-
functional approach.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
48. The symbolic-interaction approach is a micro-level orientation.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
49. The focus of the symbolic-interaction approach is how society is divided by class,
race, and gender.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
12
50. Social-exchange analysis is one micro-level approach to understanding social
interaction.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.
Topic: Sociological Theory
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
51. Sociological research shows that all categories of people in the United States have
had the same opportunities to participate in sports.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s
research methods.
Topic: Research Methods
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
52. “Stacking” in sports is the pattern by which people of one racial category
disproportionately play in specific positions.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s
research methods.
Topic: Research Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
53. The meaning people find in competitive sports would be one focus of a symbolic-
interaction approach.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s
research methods.
Topic: Research Methods
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
54. A symbolic-interaction analysis focuses on how social interaction in everyday
settings involves social inequality.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s
research methods.
Topic: Research Methods

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e
13
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
55. Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s
research methods.
Topic: Research Methods
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
56. What might a sociologist say about people’s selection of marriage partners?
a. People marry because they fall in love.
b. When it comes to romance, it is all a matter of personal taste.
c. Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.
d. When it comes to love, opposites attract.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
57. What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the
seasons influence activities and choice of clothing describe?
a. The basis of what philosophy calls “free will”
b. The essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology
c. The fact that people everywhere have “common sense”
d. The fact that people from countries all around the world make mostly identical
choices about how to live
Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us
understand that society shapes our individual lives.
Topic: The Sociological Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
58. Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”?
a. Sociology
b. Psychology

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