Test Bank for Sociology: Evidence and Insights

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Test Bank
For
Sociology
Evidence and Insights
First Edition
Timothy J. Curry
The Ohio State University
Robert M. Jiobu
The Ohio State University
Cynthia Fabrizio Pelak
New Mexico State University

iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Sociological Mindset ...................................................1
Chapter 2 Culture, Society, and Social Change .............................. 17
Chapter 3 Socialization and the Self ................................................ 34
Chapter 4 Interaction, Groups, and Organizations .......................... 51
Chapter 5 Inequalities of Social Stratification................................... 68
Chapter 6 Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity ................................... 85
Chapter 7 Inequalities of Gender ................................................... 102
Chapter 8 The Economy ................................................................ 119
Chapter 9 The Political Order: Power, War, and Terrorism ........... 135
Chapter 10 Family and Marriage ...................................................... 151
Chapter 11 Education ...................................................................... 167
Chapter 12 Deviance, Crime, and the Administration of Justice ...... 183
Chapter 13 Religion ......................................................................... 200
Chapter 14 Medicine and Health Care ............................................. 215
Chapter 15 Population, Environmental Sustainability,
and Urbanization ....................................................... 231
Chapter 16 Collective Behavior ........................................................ 248

1
Chapter 1: The Sociological Mindset
Multiple Choice:
1. Sociologists evaluate assertions with __________.
a. “common sense” ideas
b. hearsay
c. anecdotes
d. objective evidence
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.
Topic: Definition of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. Which of the following is the best definition of sociology?
a. the scientific study of social structure and social interaction
b. the scientific study of American society
c. the objective science of common sense
d. the objective science of societies
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.
Topic: Definition of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
3. According to the text, the definition of sociology contains three key phrases that make
sociology a unique discipline. Which of the following are those three key elements?
a. systematic observation, social interaction, social insight
b. sociological evidence, systematic observation, social structure
c. science, social structure, social interaction
d. social insight, science, sociological evidence
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.
Topic: Definition of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
4. Which of the following is true regarding Harriet Martineau?
a. She wrote Society in America, which has ideas consistent with modern sociology.
b. She translated from French the works of John Stuart Mill.
c. She was an American social theorist.
d. She believed women were supposed to fulfill domestic roles and rear children.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.
Topic: Definition of Sociology

2
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
5. When did sociology become a formal academic discipline?
a. during the eighteenth century
b. during the early part of the nineteenth century
c. during the latter part of the nineteenth century
d. not until the early 1900s
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.
Topic: Definition of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
6. Which of the following best describes the global outlook of sociology?
a. People all over the world study sociology in college classes.
b. Sociology focuses on individual cultures and therefore is not impacted by what
transpires throughout the world.
c. What transpires in one part of the world affects our lives where we are.
d. All people are basically the same and can be catalogued through sociology.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.2.2 Describe the global outlook of sociology.
Topic: Global Outlook of Sociology
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
7. The relatively permanent components of our social environment that influence our
behavior, often without our being consciously aware of it, are known as __________.
a. social interaction
b. social structure
c. personal milieu
d. sociology
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.3.1 Define social structure.
Topic: Definition of Social Structure
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
8. According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination is made up of __________
and __________.
a. common sense; social forces
b. social milieu; objective evidence
c. personal milieu; structural characteristics
d. structural characteristics; common sense
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.3.2 Explain what C. Wright Mills meant by the sociological

3
imagination.
Topic: Social Forces and Personal Milieu
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
9. Christine recently graduated from college with a degree in journalism, but despite several
interviews with local newspapers, she has not yet been offered a job. According to C.
Wright Mills, which of the following describes a factor in her personal milieu that might
be contributing to her problems finding employment?
a. The newspaper industry is struggling and there are fewer jobs to be filled.
b. Christine’s clips from the school paper reveal that she is not a talented writer, and
she has an abrasive personality that is apparent in interviews.
c. Many writing jobs have been outsourced to other countries.
d. With many journalists out of work, there is fierce competition for the reporting
jobs Christine is seeking.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.3.2 Explain what C. Wright Mills meant by the sociological
imagination.
Topic: Social Forces and Personal Milieu
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
10. A consistent way of looking at some aspect of the social world is known as a(n)
__________.
a. perspective
b. opinion
c. ideology
d. hypothesis
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.1 Recognize what is meant by a sociological perspective.
Topic: What Is a Sociological Perspective?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
11. The key to the conflict perspective is __________.
a. social interaction
b. social power
c. sociological imagination
d. social cohesion
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.
Topic: Conflict Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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12. Which of the following statements best explains how the conflict perspective addresses
social change?
a. Social change is impossible. Marx argued that change would never happen in
capitalistic societies.
b. According to Marx, social change is built into society because people with fewer
privileges will attempt to change their status.
c. Social change is unlikely because the subordinate group lacks the willpower to
change their status.
d. Marx claimed that social change was possible, but it was only through the avenue
of capitalism.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.
Topic: Conflict Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
13. __________, a central feature of the conflict perspective, is a realm of cultural ideas and
values that support the ruling class and became part of the society’s cultural belief
system.
a. Ideological illusion
b. Social institutions
c. Sociological imagination
d. Social power
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.
Topic: Conflict Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
14. Rich politicians who favor tax cuts for the wealthy and other entitlements often are able
to convince poor citizens that these policies will actually benefit them, even though they
typically do not. Which theoretical perspective offers the best explanation for this type of
cultural domination?
a. conflict perspective
b. functional perspective
c. symbolic interaction perspective
d. sociological imagination
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.
Topic: Conflict Perspective
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
15. __________ functions have unintended and often unrecognized consequences, whereas
__________ functions are intended, recognized consequences.
a. Manifest; latent

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5
b. Mechanical; organic
c. Latent; manifest
d. Organic; mechanical
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
16. According to the functional perspective, which of the following is considered important
for a society to operate efficiently?
a. conflict
b. interactions
c. equilibrium
d. power
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
17. Durkheim claimed that people in small, traditional societies are socially integrated when
everyone is socially much the same. What did he call this type of social cohesion?
a. organic solidarity
b. mechanical solidarity
c. manifest functions
d. latent functions
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
18. __________ refers to social integration achieved through interdependence derived from
differences among people.
a. Organic solidarity
b. Mechanical solidarity
c. Manifest functions
d. Latent functions
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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19. In a large company, there are many different jobs that all must be performed in order for
the company to function successfully. Which term would Durkheim use to describe this
type of interdependence?
a. organic solidarity
b. mechanical solidarity
c. manifest functions
d. latent functions
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
20. Village X is a small, homogeneous society where there is only one church for everyone to
attend, there is one school for all the children, and everyone in the community knows
everyone else. Which term would Durkheim use to describe this type of social cohesion?
a. organic solidarity
b. mechanical solidarity
c. manifest functions
d. latent functions
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.
Topic: Functional Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
21. The __________ perspective is based on the idea that individuals construct the nature of
their social world through everyday encounters with one another.
a. conflict
b. functional
c. symbolic interaction
d. sociological imagination
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.
Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
22. The process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of their
society and by which they develop their social identity is known as __________.
a. manifest functions
b. defining a situation
c. functionalism
d. socialization
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.

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Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
23. A nation’s flag is simply cloth; however, because it is used to represent ideas about
patriotism, national pride, and a country’s history, it also is a(n) __________ that has
complex meanings.
a. symbol
b. manifest function
c. ideological illusion
d. latent function
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.
Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
24. Sarah is pregnant and has announced to friends and family that the ultrasound revealed
the sex of her baby to be a boy. For her baby shower, everyone bought blue clothes and
infant toys that were “for boys.” Which of the following is the best sociological
explanation for this?
a. It is a result of intersectionality.
b. It can be explained by the conflict perspective because it involves social power.
c. It is about functionalism because it reflects organic solidarity.
d. It can be explained by the social interaction perspective and the definition of the
situation.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.
Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
25. Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts of dominance and inequality?
a. structural functionalism
b. conflict perspective
c. symbolic interaction perspective
d. sociological imagination
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.
Topic: Conflict Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
26. Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts of symbols, socialization, and
significant others?
a. structural functionalism

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b. conflict perspective
c. symbolic interaction perspective
d. sociological imagination
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.
Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
27. Which of the following shows the correct order of the stages in the research process?
a. gathering evidence; getting information from past studies; developing an
explanation; becoming curious; coming to a conclusion
b. gathering evidence; becoming curious; coming to a conclusion; developing an
explanation; getting information from past studies
c. becoming curious; getting information from past studies; developing an
explanation; gathering evidence; coming to a conclusion
d. becoming curious; gathering evidence; getting information from past studies;
developing an explanation; coming to a conclusion
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.5.1 Identify the initial stage of research.
Topic: Stage One: Becoming Curious
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
28. Which stage of the research process involves gathering information by reviewing the
academic literature?
a. becoming curious
b. getting it together
c. developing an explanation
d. gathering evidence
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5.2 Explain how researchers discover and review relevant literature.
Topic: Stage Two: Getting It Together
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
29. You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If your
hypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what is
your independent variable?
a. police presence
b. a safer neighborhood
c. number of neighborhood residents
d. methods of police training
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and
independent and dependent variables.

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Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
30. You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If your
hypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what is
your dependent variable?
a. police presence
b. a safer neighborhood
c. number of neighborhood residents
d. methods of police training
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and
independent and dependent variables.
Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
31. If a researcher wants to study how tutoring improves grades, which of the following
would be the best operational definition for “grade”?
a. good grades
b. average grades
c. any improvement from previous grades
d. a grade of B or better
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and
independent and dependent variables.
Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
32. What is the difference between nominal and operational definitions?
a. A nominal definition explains a concept in words; an operational definition
explains the same concept in terms of measurement.
b. A nominal definition explains a concept in terms of measurement; an operational
definition explains the same concept in words.
c. A nominal definition explains a concept as the variable that will be observed for
change; an operational definition explains a concept that leads to or changes
another concept.
d. A nominal definition explains a concept that leads to or changes another concept;
an operational definition explains a concept that will be observed for change.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and
independent and dependent variables.
Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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10
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
33. A(n) __________ is the total collection of entities or “things” being studied.
a. census
b. unit of analysis
c. population
d. sample
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
34. If a researcher wanted to study international students, particularly international students
at a specific university, what would be the population?
a. students
b. international students in general
c. international students at the specific university
d. the total number of all students
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
35. In which of the following does each member of the entire population have an equal
chance of being selected?
a. sample
b. universe
c. random sample
d. census
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
36. The goal of a __________ is to obtain in-depth understanding from a highly detailed and
sometimes intimate knowledge of the people being studied.
a. census
b. survey
c. random sample
d. participant observation study

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Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
37. Which of the following is the method least used by sociologists?
a. laboratory experiment
b. census
c. participant observation
d. natural experiment
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
38. A professor wants to try a new teaching technique and she designs an experiment to see if
the new technique is effective. Without alerting any of her students, she changes her
teaching style in one of her classes. The class that receives the new treatment is the
__________.
a. control group
b. experimental group
c. random sample
d. participant observation group
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
39. A researcher decides to study attitudes about mothers by analyzing their depiction in
popular music and assigning them numerical codes. This is an example of __________.
a. survey research
b. experiments
c. content analysis
d. observation
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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40. If a researcher wants to gain a subjective understanding of why people behave as they do,
which of the following is the best method?
a. census
b. survey
c. experiment
d. open-ended interview
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,
sample surveys, and observation.
Topic: Gathering Evidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
41. Why are scientists concerned about ethics in research?
a. It is a way to make money.
b. There is a concern for preventing harm in research endeavors.
c. It is a way for universities to control what is allowed to be researched.
d. Ethics is a prominent field of study.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5.6 Describe the concern for ethics in research.
Topic: Ethics and Research
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
42. Which realm of sociology is for “the sake of knowledge itself”?
a. professional sociology
b. critical sociology
c. policy sociology
d. public sociology
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.6.1 Describe sociology as a basic science.
Topic: Basic Science or Professional Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
43. __________ sociology emphasizes the development of sociological knowledge with the
aim of improving or solving real-world problems.
a. Professional
b. Critical
c. Policy
d. Public
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology.
Topic: Policy Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy

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Skill Level: Remember the Facts
44. Which realm of sociology consists of the give-and-take of debate, argument, and
controversy centered on knowledge production in the discipline of sociology?
a. professional sociology
b. critical sociology
c. policy sociology
d. public sociology
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology.
Topic: Critical Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
45. __________ sociology addresses questions such as: Do sociological theories and research
unknowingly perpetuate social inequalities in our society by the way they frame issues?
a. Professional
b. Critical
c. Policy
d. Public
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology.
Topic: Critical Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
46. __________ sociologists work with individuals and groups working for social change.
a. Professional
b. Critical
c. Policy
d. Public
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.6.4 Describe public sociology.
Topic: Public Sociology
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
47. A sociologist working in which realm of sociology would be most likely to conduct
applied sociological research in a branch of state or federal government?
a. professional sociology
b. critical sociology
c. policy sociology
d. public sociology
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology.
Topic: Policy Sociology

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