Test Bank For Sociology in Our Times, 11th Edition

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True / False1. Sociologists are in agreement that sociological research can and should be value free.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Some sociologists do not believe it is possible or even desirable to becompletely value free in one’s research.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM2. Sociologists understand that there are multiple causes and effects of social issues.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage1

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3. The sociological imagination helps us place personal troubles, such as losing our job or attempting suicide, into alarger social context, where we can distinguish whether and how personal troubles may be related to public issues.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM4. Middle-income countries are nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial,administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: This statement describes high-income countries. Middle-income countriesare nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderatelevels of national and personal income.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage2

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5. European thinkers began making observations about human behavior during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewRejoinder: While sociology did not emerge in Europe until the eighteenth and nineteenthcenturies, social philosophers and religious authorities have made countlessobservations about human behavior throughout history.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM6. Like Auguste Comte, British social theorist Herbert Spencer was strongly influenced by the turmoil of the FrenchRevolution.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewRejoinder: Spencer was born in a more peaceful and optimistic period in his country’shistory.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage3

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7. The early sociologists were in agreement that human behavior could be studied using the same techniques used inthe natural sciences.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewRejoinder: Both Comte and Spencer were criticized for their overemphasis onapplication of natural science methods. Critics argued that human behavior could not bestudied using these same techniques.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:49 PM8. According to Durkheim, social facts can only be explained by other social facts.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage4

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9. Although he founded functionalism and its emphasis on social order, sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that rapidsocial change and a more specialized division of labor produced strains leading to a breakdown in traditionalorganization, values, and authority.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM10. Because of his radical views and emphasis on social action, not just the study of society, Karl Marx's work has beenlargely discredited today.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concernedwith social change.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Marx is still considered one of the most profound sociological thinkers.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:49 PMPage5

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11. In regard to negative consequences of industrial society, sociologist Max Weber was more concerned about theimpact of rational bureaucracy than of class struggle.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:13QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concernedwith social change.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM12. German sociologist Georg Simmel concluded that industrialization created greater equality, thus minimizing classconflict.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:13QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concernedwith social change.TOPICS:NewNOTES:NewRejoinder: On the contrary, he concluded that class conflict was becoming morepronounced in modern industrial societies.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage6

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13. The first department of sociology in the United States was established at the University of Chicago, where thefaculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American SociologicalAssociation).a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:14QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concernedwith social change.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM14. Sociologist George Herbert Mead was one of the first scholars to note that a dualheritage creates conflict for people of color. He called this duality double-consciousness—the identity conflict ofbeing black and American.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:14QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-4 - Identify reasons why many early social thinkers were concernedwith social change.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: This was the work of W. E. B. Du Bois.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage7

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15. All sociological theories and theorists may be categorized as functionalist, conflict, or symbolic interactionist.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:14QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Not all theories and theorists fit neatly into one of these three perspectives.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM16. According to the functionalist perspective, societies develop social structures (institutions) that persist because theyplay a part in helping society survive. These institutions include the family, education, government, religion, and theeconomy.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:15QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage8

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17. Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that the division of household labor between husband and wife is one of thefundamental sources of conflict in industrialized societies.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:15QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Parsons argued that the roles for men and women are complementary andcontribute to the stability of society. Expressive tasks are performed by thewife/mother; the husband/father performs the instrumental tasks, which involveleadership and decision-making responsibilities in the home and employment outside thehome to support the family.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM18. Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be consideredfunctional, their functions must be intended and recognized by all participants.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:15QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Merton used the term latent function to refer to functions that exist and thatare not intended or recognized by the participants.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage9

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19. All conflict theorists regard race/ethnicity conflict as the central and most important source of social change.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:16QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:ModifiedRejoinder: Other conflict theorists focus on class and/or gender as sources of conflictand change.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM20. All of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology focus analysis at the macrolevel, examining whole societies,large-scale social structures, and social systems.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:17QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-5 - Compare and contrast functionalist, conflict, symbolicinteractionist, and postmodern perspectives on social life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Conflict and functionalist perspectives focus on macrolevel analysis;however, the symbolic interactionist perspective is based on microlevel analysis.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage10

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21. Quantitative research and qualitative research both follow the same research model.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:19QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-6 - Explain why sociological research is necessary and how itchallenges our commonsense beliefs about pressing social issues such as suicide.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: Qualitative research follows an alternative model in which gathering andanalyzing of data are done concurrently, unlike in quantitative research.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM22. Sociological studies on suicide that analyze the contents of suicide notes to look for recurring patterns and themesare examples of qualitative research.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TruePOINTS:1REFERENCES:21QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-6 - Explain why sociological research is necessary and how itchallenges our commonsense beliefs about pressing social issues such as suicide.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage11

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23. A broken thermometer that measures the same temperature every day lacks both reliability and validity.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:23QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-7 - Distinguish between quantitative research and qualitativeresearch, and identify the steps in each method.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupRejoinder: If the thermometer yields consistent results, it may be said to be reliable,even though it lacks validity. It is not a valid measure of temperature, despite itsconsistent and reliable readings.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM24. A strength of survey research is that it forces respondents to provide self-reported information, which is generallyconsidered more reliable and valid than information gathered by third-party observation.a. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalsePOINTS:1REFERENCES:27QUESTION TYPE:True / FalseHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-8 - Describe survey research and briefly discuss three types ofsurveys.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:NewRejoinder: Some respondents may be less than truthful when answering surveyquestions, especially on emotionally charged issues such as suicide.DATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage12

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Multiple Choice25. Sociology is defined as the __________.a. systematic study of human society and social interactionb. analysis of deviant groups and individualsc. scientific analysis of premodern peopled. academic discipline that examines individual human behaviorANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:4QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM26. A __________ is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the samepolitical authority and dominant cultural expectations.a. cultureb. societyc. nationd. countryANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:5QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage13

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27. When studying the problem of suicide, sociologists are most interested in explaining its__________.a. psychological dimensionsb. relationship to the individualc. recurring patternsd. media coverageANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM28. __________ refers to the fact that the lives of people everywhere are intertwined closely so that one nation'sproblems are part of a much larger global context.a. Societal cohesivenessb. Universal cooperationc. Global interdependenced. International interlockANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:5QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage14

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29. People throughout the world share the same biosphere; environmental pollution in one area may have an adverseeffect on people in other places. This makes environmental problems an example of __________.a. commonsense knowledgeb. universal cooperationc. the sociological imaginationd. global interdependenceANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:5QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM30. Which of these isnotpart of the sociological approach to the study of society and social interaction?a. systematic research techniquesb. presentation of research findingsc. search for patterns in human behaviord. application of commonsense or everyday understandingsANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-1 - Define sociology and explain how it can contribute to ourunderstanding of social life.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage15

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31. Sociologist C. Wright Mills coined the term __________ for the ability to see the relationship between individualexperiences and the larger society.a. conflict perceptionb. sociological imaginationc. reality perceptiond. symbolic interaction approachANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM32. According to Mills, the sociological imagination enables one to distinguish between personal troubles that must besolved within the immediate social setting and __________ that affect large numbers of people and often requiresolutions at the societal level.a. unimportant troublesb. non-private difficultiesc. public issuesd. societal dysfunctionsANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage16

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33. One couple’s inability to keep their marriage intact may be an example of a __________, whereas widespreaddivorce as a result of changes in the economy or other social factors is an example of a __________.a. dysfunction; psychological difficultyb. personal trouble; public issuec. psychological difficulty; private issued. public issue; personal troubleANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:6QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM34. Emile Durkheim refused to accept that suicide was merely a(n) __________.a. personal troubleb. interdependence issuec. public issued. societal dysfunctionANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:8QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:51 PMPage17

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35. Which of these groups has thehighestrate of suicide?a. males in low-income countriesb. females in low-income countriesc. males in high-income countriesd. females in high-income countriesANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM36. The world’s __________ countries are nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advancedindustrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income.a. high-incomeb. middle-incomec. low-incomed. semi-peripheryANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:8QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage18

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37. Many of the nations of Africa and Asia are considered examples of __________.a. middle-income countriesb. periphery countriesc. high-income countriesd. low-income countriesANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:8QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:AppliedNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM38. A significant difference between high- and low-income countries is that low-income countries tend to be__________.a. more industrializedb. more agrarianc. less populatedd. smallerANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:8QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:52 PMPage19

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39. __________ is a socially constructed concept used by many people to specify groups of people based on physicalcharacteristics such as skin color.a. Ethnicityb. Nationalityc. Raced. GenealogyANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:8QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:53 PM40. The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin, is termed__________.a. ethnicityb. religionc. raced. genealogyANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage20

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41. Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to the relative location of a person or group within the larger society,based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued resources.a. casteb. classc. ethnicityd. rankingANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM42. The term __________ refers to the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with sex differences.a. sexb. biologyc. genderd. sociobiologyANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage21

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43. Barbara was born female, which refers to her __________; she acts very feminine, which refers to her__________.a. gender; sexb. biology; sociobiologyc. sex; genderd. genealogy; sexANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-2 - Identify what is meant by the sociological imagination.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM44. Interest in the systematic study of people’s behavior and ideas took hold during the nineteenth century primarily inresponse to __________.a. the agricultural revolutionb. industrialization and urbanizationc. enlightenment and new forms of religiond. increases in rural povertyANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:9QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage22

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45. __________ refers to the process by which an increasing number of people live in cities rather than rural areas.a. Ruralizationb. Urbanizationc. Suburbanizationd. IndustrializationANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM46. During the __________, massive social changes occurred as technological innovations shifted the economic base ofcountries in Europe, and later the United States, from agriculture to manufacturing.a. Renaissanceb. Industrial Revolutionc. Age of Enlightenmentd. Neolithic RevolutionANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage23

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47. The Industrial Revolution began in __________ between 1760 and 1850.a. Great Britainb. the United Statesc. Western Europed. JapanANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM48. Which of these isnota change brought on by industrialization and urbanization?a. a rapid increase in the number and size of citiesb. a shift from agriculture to industrial manufacturingc. people changing from being consumers to being producersd. the need for wages to buy food and lodgingANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage24

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49. French philosopher Auguste Comte’s philosophy, the belief that the world can best be understood through scientificinquiry, became known as __________,a. absolutismb. positivismc. functionalismd. specific methodologyANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM50. Comte believed that societies are made up of social statics, or forces for order and stability, as well as __________or forces for social change.a. social factsb. social dynamicsc. social moresd. social symbolsANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:10QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage25

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51. British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte’s work and was noted for her study of socialcustoms in Great Britain and the United States.a. Emily Durkheimb. Jane Addamsc. Harriet Martineaud. Sarah SpencerANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM52. In her work, sociologist Harriet Martineau was a strong advocate for_____________.a. building a stronger middle classb. the importance of cultural relativismc. recognizing the forces for stability and change in societyd. social equality and reformANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage26

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53. Based on British social theorist Herbert Spencer’s theory, __________ is the belief that those species of animals,including human beings, that are the most adapted to their environment will survive and prosper, whereas those thatare poorly adapted will eventually die out.a. social Darwinismb. social eugenicsc. social statics and dynamicsd. social relativismANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM54. Which of these early scientific thinkers first used the phrase “survival of the fittest” to explain his theory of society?a. Karl Marxb. Emile Durkheimc. Auguste Comted. Herbert SpencerANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:FactualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage27

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55. A major criticism of Spencer’s theory of social Darwinism is that ______________ .a. other biological organizations exercise more control over their environments than do humansb. it may be used to justify racial/ethnic, gender, and class inequalities in societyc. it explains society in an era that is less tumultuous than that of the Industrial Revolutiond. he plagiarized the work of Charles DarwinANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM56. French sociologist Emile Durkheim coined the term __________ to refer to the patterns of acting, thinking, andfeeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over every person in society.a. social staticsb. social factsc. sociological imaginationd. sociological generalizationsANSWER:bPOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage28

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57. Durkheim believed that the limits of social behavior __________.a. are socially based, not biologically basedb. depend primarily on physical characteristicsc. are best understood as individual dysfunctiond. result mainly from cultural conflictANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:11QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:NewDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AM58. Durkheim used the term __________ for the condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of theloss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society.a. social disorganizationb. social dysfunctionalismc. cultural breakdownd. anomieANSWER:dPOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:12/30/2016 5:48 AMPage29

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59. The basis for Durkheim’s theory of society is the principle that _____________.a. people are the products of their social environmentsb. the evolution of society is based on the concept of “survival of the fittest”c. society consists of the dual processes of social statics and social dynamicsd. conflict between different economic classes is necessary to produce social changeANSWER:aPOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:ModifiedDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:54 PM60. Critics of Durkheim have argued that _______________________.a. his work is of little sociological value or importanceb. he focused too heavily on social inequality and social changec. his emphasis on structure overlooks the meanings that social phenomena hold for peopled. he was not systematic, and therefore not scientific in his approach to the study of societyANSWER:cPOINTS:1REFERENCES:12QUESTION TYPE:Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES:FalseLEARNING OBJECTIVES:SIOT.KEND.18.1-3 - Describe the historical context in which sociological thinkingdeveloped.TOPICS:ConceptualNOTES:PickupDATE CREATED:12/29/2016 10:44 AMDATE MODIFIED:1/3/2017 4:54 PMPage30

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