Test Bank for The Children's Thinking, 5th Edition

Name: Test Bank for The Children's Thinking, 5th Edition
Brand: Academic Documents Platform
Price: 15 USD
Availability: InStock
Author: James Carter

Study smarter, not harder, with Test Bank for The Children's Thinking, 5th Edition, a guide that breaks down tough concepts into easy-to-understand steps.

James Carter

Contributor

4.1

4 months ago

Preview (16 of 143)

Children’s Thinking
Fifth Edition
Robert S. Siegler
Martha W. Alibali
Test Bank
Amber C. Wingfield

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Children’s Thinking………………………..……. 1
Chapter 2: Piaget’s Theory of Development……………………………………... 12
Chapter 3: Information–Processing Theories of Development……………….. 25
Chapter 4: Sociocultural Theories of Development…………………………….. 38
Chapter 5: Perceptual Development……………………………………………… 49
Chapter 6: Language Development……………………………………………….. 60
Chapter 7: Memory Development……………………………………………...... 72
Chapter 8: Conceptual Development…………………………………………….. 85
Chapter 9: The Development of Social Cognition……………………………... 96
Chapter 10: Problem Solving…………………………………………………… 107
Chapter 11: Development of Academic Skills……………………………….... 120
Chapter 12: Conclusions for the Present; Challenges for the Future………… 132

1
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Children’s Thinking
Multiple Choice
1. A scientist interested in cognitive development would be most likely to study ___.
a. children solving math problems
b. the etiology of depression
c. parent-child attachment
d. the effects of socioeconomic status on self-esteem
Answer: A
Question type: CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.1: Explain the key characteristics of children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 2
2. The constructivist perspective of Jean Piaget argues that infants possess important ___ and ___ capabilities.
a. perceptual and conceptual
b. conceptual and associative
c. associative and linguistic
d. perceptual and motor
Answer: D
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 3
3. Professor Woo studies infants. The goal of her research is to demonstrate that infants have the ability to
understand rudimentary forms of mathematics (e.g., the addition and subtraction of small numbers of
objects). Professor Woo most likely subscribes to which of the following perspectives?
a. associationist perspective
b. constructivist perspective
c. core knowledge perspective
d. information-processing perspective
Answer: C
Question type: CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 4

2
4. Research has shown that very young infants possess general learning mechanisms that help them acquire
knowledge. Two of these learning mechanisms are ___ and ___.
a. imitation and statistical learning
b. association and distance perception
c. automatization and conceptual organization
d. analogy and strategy construction
Answer: A
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 5
5. The stage concept can be traced back to the ideas of
a. George Berkeley
b. John Locke
c. John Stuart Mill
d. Charles Darwin
Answer: D
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 5
6. John took two weeks to learn how to tie his shoes. His mom went over each step of the process with him
day by day, and he learned one step at a time until he could tie his shoes on his own. Kathy also took two
weeks to learn how to tie her shoes. However, unlike John, she did not seem to be learning any of the steps
day-by-day. Then, all of a sudden, after about two weeks, she tied her shoes all by herself. John’s course of
development is predicted by the ___, whereas Kathy’s course of development is predicted by the ___.
a. core knowledge theorists, information-processing theorists
b. constructivists, associationists
c. stage theorists, information-processing theorists
d. associationists, stage theorists
Answer: D
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 6

3
7. Professor Murphy tested a 6-year-old child, Madeline, on three conservation problems: conservation of
volume, conservation of mass, and conservation of number. Madeline displayed stage 2 reasoning on the
volume and mass problems, but stage 3 reasoning on the number problem. Madeline’s performance
violated which of the following assumptions of the stage concept?
a. abruptness assumption
b. concurrence assumption
c. the assumption of coherent organization
d. the assumption of qualitative change
Answer: B
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 6
8. Last year, Billy solved addition problems like “4 + 3 = __” by counting on his fingers. This year, he can
retrieve addition facts from memory. This is an example of
a. quantitative change
b. abrupt change
c. qualitative change
d. concurrent change
Answer: C
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 6
9. The period of development before birth is the ___ period.
a. postnatal
b. undeveloped
c. prenatal
d. induction
Answer: C
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 7

Loading page 6...

4
10. A one-year-old child receives a stuffed cat as a present. She sees that this stuffed animal has whiskers, eyes,
and feet like her family’s cat, but she also observes that this stuffed animal does not make noises like her
family’s cat does. This realization sets the stage for her to later learn about what makes something alive.
The child has experienced which process of cognitive change?
a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. generalization
d. automatization
Answer: B
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 7
11. What mechanism of development underlies the main differences between a novice driver and an
experienced driver?
a. generalization
b. automatization
c. synaptogenesis
d. social scaffolding
Answer: B
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 7
12. In a study by Professor Heath, children ages 5 and 10 were asked to complete the following pattern: μν μν
μ___. Most five-year-old children answered correctly with respect to shape, but were at chance with respect
to color. In other words, they were just as likely to complete the pattern with a white square as a black
square. In contrast, most ten-year-old children answered correctly with respect to both shape and color (i.e.,
they put a black square in the blank). This example best demonstrates which of the following mechanisms
of change?
a. automatization
b. encoding
c. habituation
d. statistical learning
Answer: B
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 7

Loading page 7...

5
13. Jerry is ten years old and has an IQ of 130. Jerry’s mental age is
a. 10.0
b. 10.3
c. 13.0
d. 7.7
Answer: C
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 8
14. Research has shown a relationship between habituation rate at 7 months and ___.
a. IQ scores in childhood
b. math test scores in childhood
c. learning disabilities in childhood
d. all of the above
Answer: D
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 9
15. The brain has its largest increase in weight between the ages of
a. 0-11 months
b. 11 months – 3 years
c. 3-18 years
d. none of the above; the increase in weight is about the same for the age ranges listed above
Answer: A
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 10
16. One brain structure that is far more developed in humans than in other primates is the ___.
a. hypothalamus
b. cerebral cortex
c. amygdala
d. medulla
Answer: B
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 10

Loading page 8...

6
17. The cerebral cortex has ___ main lobes.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: C
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 11
18. In general, the left hemisphere tends to process information ___, and the right hemisphere tends to process
information ___.
a. analytically, holistically
b. emotionally, spatially
c. logically, analytically
d. holistically, analytically
Answer: A
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 11
19. The synaptic connections in a toddler’s brain are ___ than those in an adult’s brain.
a. sparser
b. denser
c. faster
d. shorter
Answer: B
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 13
20. Synaptogenesis is
a. the transmission of information from one neuron to another
b. the formation of synapses between neurons
c. the release of neurotransmitter into a synapse
d. the period of development in which the number of synapses gradually declines
Answer: B
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 12

Loading page 9...

7
21. In general, genes control the ___ of synapses, and experience controls the ___ of synapses.
a. generation, pruning
b. pruning, generation
c. maintenance, firing
d. firing, generation
Answer: A
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 13
22. Children are better than adults at learning ___.
a. chess
b. physics
c. social skills
d. language
Answer: D
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 13
23. A scientist interested in social influences on cognitive development would not be likely to study ___.
a. the effects of calculators on children’s mathematical problem-solving skills
b. the effects of genes on children’s language proficiency
c. the effects of video game playing on children’s IQ scores
d. the effects of tutors on children’s reading performance
Answer: B
Question type: CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 14-16
24. A toy company influences development at the level of the ___.
a. exosystem
b. mesosystem
c. macrosystem
d. microsystem
Answer: A
Question type: CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 15

Loading page 10...

8
25. Alaina got a new puzzle for her birthday. She cannot complete it on her own, but can complete it with ease
when her father hands her one puzzle piece at a time. This example best describes the benefits of
a. social scaffolding
b. strategy construction
c. cultural tools
d. macrosystems
Answer: A
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 15
True or False
26. _____ Baillargeon (1994) has shown that 3-month-old infants’ knowledge of object properties is identical
to that of adults.
Answer: F
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 4
27. _____ Saffran and colleagues (1996) have shown that very young infants can detect regularities and extract
sequential patterns in the linguistic sounds they hear.
Answer: T
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 5
28. _____ The stage concept implies gradual, quantitative changes in development.
Answer: F
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 6
29. _____ A child’s mental age is always higher than their chronological age.
Answer: F
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 8

Loading page 11...

9
30. _____ Habituation refers to the process by which infants becoming increasingly interested in an object after
repeated exposures to that object.
Answer: F
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 9
31. _____ At birth, the cerebral cortex is immature relative to other parts of the brain.
Answer: T
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 10
32. _____ The profound development of the occipital lobe during the first few years of life is primarily
responsible for the rapid advances in thinking that occur during the first few years of life.
Answer: F
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 11
33. _____ If a particular synapse does not fire over the first several years of life, it may be pruned.
Answer: T
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Pages(s) in text: 13
34. _____ Brain plasticity tends to decrease over the course of development.
Answer: T
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 13
35. _____ A television is an example of a cultural tool that shapes children’s thinking.
Answer: T
Question type: CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 15

Loading page 12...

10
Short Answer/Essay
36. List four of the six most important questions in the study of children’s thinking. Then, choose the one that
you think is most important, and defend your opinion.
Answer: Any four of the following six: What capabilities are innate? Does development progress through
stages? How does change occur? How do individuals differ? How do changes in the brain contribute to
cognitive development? How does the social world contribute to cognitive development?
Question type: FACTUAL + CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 3
37. Contrast the associationist perspective of John Locke and the core-knowledge perspective of Carey and
Gelman.
Answer: The associationist perspective argues that infants come into the world with only minimal
capabilities, such as the ability to associate experiences with one another. According to this view, we must
have learned everything we know from experience. In contrast, the core-knowledge perspective suggests
that infants come into the world equipped with a wide range of perceptual, motor, and conceptual
capabilities that allow them to see the world much like older children and adults do. According to this view,
much of our knowledge is innate.
Question type: FACTUAL + CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Page(s) in text: 3-5
38. List and define two of the four implications of the stage concept, as noted by Flavell (1971).
Answer: Any two of the following four: (1) qualitative change, which means that a particular skill not only
gets better, but also becomes different in quality or character, (2) concurrent change, which means that
changes from stage to stage occur simultaneously for many concepts at once, (3) abrupt change, which
means that children switch abruptly (not gradually) from one stage to the next, and (4) coherent
organization, which means that children’s behaviors and thoughts cohere as a sensible whole and are not
random bits and pieces of independent units added together.
Question type: FACTUAL + CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Pages(s) in text: 6-7
39. List and define two of the four change mechanisms proposed by researchers who subscribe to the
information-processing approach to cognitive development.
Answer: Any two of the following four: (1) automatization, which refers to age or experience-related
increases in the efficiency and automaticity of mental processing, (2) encoding, which involves identifying
and mentally representing the key features in a particular problem or situation, (3) generalization, which
involves transferring the knowledge and skills acquired in one context to interpret information or solve a
problem in a novel context, and (4) strategy construction, which refers to the construction of a new method
for solving a problem.
Question type: FACTUAL + CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Pages(s) in text: 7-8

Loading page 13...

11
40. List three of the four layers of Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) model of the social context of development, and
give an example of how each layer can influence the development of a child’s academic abilities.
Answer: Any three of the following four: (1) macrosystem, (2) exosystem, (3) mesosystem, and (4)
microsystem. The macrosystem includes cultural values, such as whether children are encouraged to focus
on academics. Whether or not a child focuses on academics influences his or her academic abilities. The
exosystem includes social systems, such as the school board. The school board makes decisions about a
school’s curriculum, and this influences the academic abilities of a child in the school. The mesosystem
includes the particular school that a child attends, which plays a large role in shaping a child’s academic
abilities. Finally, the microsystem includes parents. The values, expectations, and education level of a
child’s parents influence his or her academic abilities.
Question type: FACTUAL + CONCEPTUAL
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 1.2: Summarize different perspectives on key questions related to children’s thinking.
Pages(s) in text: 14-15

Loading page 14...

12
Chapter 2
Piaget’s Theory of Development
Multiple Choice
1. An epistemologist studies the ___.
a. biological basis of behavior
b. origins of knowledge
c. ability to adapt to reality
d. mechanisms of developmental change
Answer: B
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 22
2. Piaget thought philosophical controversies could be resolved by ___.
a. introspection
b. measuring children’s intelligence
c. studying Kant’s writings
d. applying the scientific method
Answer: D
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 22
3. Joan, a two-year-old child, shouts “doggie!” after spotting a field of cows in the distance. Joan’s behavior
illustrates the developmental process known as ___.
a. accommodation
b. equilibration
c. evolution
d. assimilation
Answer: D
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 23

Loading page 15...

13
4. An example of functional assimilation is a ___.
a. baby continuously kicking his or her crib to make a mobile jiggle over and over again
b. three-year-old progressing from one- to two-word phrases
c. five-year-old pretending that a banana is a telephone
d. twelve-year-old using a calculator to solve a math problem
Answer: A
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: DIFFICULT
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 24-25
5. Piaget compared children to ___.
a. scientists solving problems
b. encyclopedias filled with knowledge
c. adults trying to imitate a sentence from a foreign language
d. photographers capturing snapshots of reality
Answer: A
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: EASY
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 25
6. According to Piaget, children ___ reality over the course of development.
a. internalize
b. discover
c. construct
d. ignore
Answer: C
Question type: FACTUAL
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 2.1: Summarize Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
Page(s) in text: 25
7. According to Piaget’s theory, humans are not born with the ability to ___.
a. suck on a pacifier
b. mentally represent their mother’s face
c. grasp their father’s finger when it comes in contact with their hands
d. turn their heads toward a shaking rattle
Answer: B
Question type: APPLICATION
Level of difficulty: MEDIUM
LO: 2.2: Describe the major characteristics of each of Piaget’s four stages of development.
Page(s) in text: 26

Loading page 16...

13 more pages available. Scroll down to load them.

Preview Mode

100%

Study Now!

XY-Copilot AI

Unlimited Access

Secure Payment

Instant Access

24/7 Support

Document Chat

Document Details

Subject

Psychology

Test Bank for The Children's Thinking, 5th Edition

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

8-2 Short Paper Future Directions of Health Psycho

Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning

Discussion 3

Competency Statement 3

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in the Management o

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in Managing Substan

COUN 6726 WK8 Discussion

Journal Forensic Psychotherapist

ATI RN Comprehensive Predictor 2025 with Critical

Understanding the Barnum Effect in Personality Tra

Company

Explore

Study Tools