Chapter 1 The Anatomy of the Heart Structure MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The lower chambers of the heart are the: 1) A) ventricles. B) endocardium. C) atria. D) veins. 2) There are a total of ________ hollow chamber(s) in the heart. 2) A) four B) three C) one D) two 3) Vessels that carry blood back to the heart, operate under low pressure, and are relatively thin - walled are called: 3) A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) capillaries. 4) The two upper chambers of the heart are the: 4) A) myocardium. B) ventricles. C) atria. D) mediastinum. 5) The upper chambers of the heart are separated by the: 5) A) interatrial septum. B) mediastinum. C) atrioventricular groove. D) interventricular septum. 6) Concerning the pericardial sac, the part that is in direct contact with the pleura is termed: 6) A) visceral pericardium. B) posterior pericardium. C) parietal pericardium. D) anterior pericardium. 7) The valves that prevent backflow into the ventricles are called: 7) A) semilunar. B) mitral. C) atrioventricular. D) bicuspid. 8) The valve that is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: 8) A) aortic. B) pulmonic. C) mitral. D) tricuspid. 9) The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: 9) A) bicuspid. B) tricuspid. C) mitral. D) aortic. 10) The thick middle layer of the heart is called the: 10) A) myocardium. B) pericardium. C) endocardium. D) epicardium. 11) Which valves are closed during ventricular diastole? 11) A) Mitral and tricuspid valves B) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves C) Aortic and pulmonic valves D) Mitral and aortic valves 12) Passive filling of the coronary arteries occurs during: 12) A) atrial diastole. B) ventricular diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular contraction. 13) Which arteries carry unoxygenated blood? 13) A) Carotid and femoral arteries B) Femoral and coronary arteries C) Aorta and brachial arteries D) Pulmonary and umbilical arteries 1 14) The three layers of the arterial walls are called: 14) A) semilunar. B) septums. C) tunics. D) connective tissue. 15) There are ________ main coronary arteries in the heart. 15) A) four B) two C) six D) five 16) The area that surrounds the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles is called: 16) A) inferior chambers. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sulcus. D) coronary sinus. 17) The excess accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac is called: 17) A) cardiac seizure. B) cardiac tamponade. C) cardiac compression. D) cardiac stenosis. 18) The main coronary arteries are located on the surface of the: 18) A) epicardium. B) endocardium. C) middle cardium. D) exocardium. 19) The two main coronary arteries arise from the ________ of the aorta. 19) A) trunk B) inferior end C) middle D) top TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 20) The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side. 20) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21) Oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the heart muscle through a process known as: 21) A) coronary circulation. B) systemic circulation. C) central circulation. D) pulmonary circulation. 22) The circumflex artery is a branch of the ________ coronary artery. 22) A) left B) lower C) middle D) right 23) The ________ is a short trunk that serves to receive deoxygenated blood from the veins of the myocardium. 23) A) coronary sinus B) coronary sulcus C) coronary thrombus D) coronary groove 2 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) A 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) A 11) C 12) B 13) D 14) C 15) B 16) C 17) B 18) A 19) A 20) FALSE 21) A 22) A 23) A 3 Chapter 1 The Anatomy of the Heart Structure MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The lower chambers of the heart are the: 1) A) ventricles. B) endocardium. C) atria. D) veins. 2) There are a total of ________ hollow chamber(s) in the heart. 2) A) four B) three C) one D) two 3) Vessels that carry blood back to the heart, operate under low pressure, and are relatively thin - walled are called: 3) A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) capillaries. 4) The two upper chambers of the heart are the: 4) A) myocardium. B) ventricles. C) atria. D) mediastinum. 5) The upper chambers of the heart are separated by the: 5) A) interatrial septum. B) mediastinum. C) atrioventricular groove. D) interventricular septum. 6) Concerning the pericardial sac, the part that is in direct contact with the pleura is termed: 6) A) visceral pericardium. B) posterior pericardium. C) parietal pericardium. D) anterior pericardium. 7) The valves that prevent backflow into the ventricles are called: 7) A) semilunar. B) mitral. C) atrioventricular. D) bicuspid. 8) The valve that is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: 8) A) aortic. B) pulmonic. C) mitral. D) tricuspid. 9) The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: 9) A) bicuspid. B) tricuspid. C) mitral. D) aortic. 10) The thick middle layer of the heart is called the: 10) A) myocardium. B) pericardium. C) endocardium. D) epicardium. 11) Which valves are closed during ventricular diastole? 11) A) Mitral and tricuspid valves B) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves C) Aortic and pulmonic valves D) Mitral and aortic valves 12) Passive filling of the coronary arteries occurs during: 12) A) atrial diastole. B) ventricular diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular contraction. 13) Which arteries carry unoxygenated blood? 13) A) Carotid and femoral arteries B) Femoral and coronary arteries C) Aorta and brachial arteries D) Pulmonary and umbilical arteries 1 14) The three layers of the arterial walls are called: 14) A) semilunar. B) septums. C) tunics. D) connective tissue. 15) There are ________ main coronary arteries in the heart. 15) A) four B) two C) six D) five 16) The area that surrounds the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles is called: 16) A) inferior chambers. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sulcus. D) coronary sinus. 17) The excess accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac is called: 17) A) cardiac seizure. B) cardiac tamponade. C) cardiac compression. D) cardiac stenosis. 18) The main coronary arteries are located on the surface of the: 18) A) epicardium. B) endocardium. C) middle cardium. D) exocardium. 19) The two main coronary arteries arise from the ________ of the aorta. 19) A) trunk B) inferior end C) middle D) top TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 20) The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side. 20) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21) Oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the heart muscle through a process known as: 21) A) coronary circulation. B) systemic circulation. C) central circulation. D) pulmonary circulation. 22) The circumflex artery is a branch of the ________ coronary artery. 22) A) left B) lower C) middle D) right 23) The ________ is a short trunk that serves to receive deoxygenated blood from the veins of the myocardium. 23) A) coronary sinus B) coronary sulcus C) coronary thrombus D) coronary groove 2 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) A 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) A 11) C 12) B 13) D 14) C 15) B 16) C 17) B 18) A 19) A 20) FALSE 21) A 22) A 23) A 3 Chapter 2 Cardio vascular Physiology: Function MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries is termed the: 1) A) pulmonic semilunar valve. B) aortic semilunar valve. C) bicuspid semilunar valve. D) mitral semilunar valve. 2) The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: 2) A) mitral semilunar valve. B) tricuspid semilunar valve. C) bicuspid semilunar valve. D) pulmonary semilunar valve. 3) The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: 3) A) tricuspid valve. B) pulmonic valve. C) aortic valve. D) mitral valve. 4) The only vein that carries oxygenated blood is the: 4) A) pulmonary vein. B) lateral marginal vein. C) great cardiac vein. D) inferior vena cava. 5) The only artery that carries unoxygenated blood is the: 5) A) pulmonary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) brachial artery. D) aorta. 6) The term that is synonymous with ventricular relaxation is: 6) A) diastole. B) stroke volume. C) afterload. D) systole. 7) The term that is synonymous with ventricular contraction is: 7) A) preload. B) diastole. C) heart rate. D) systole. 8) The term that defines the volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat or contraction is: 8) A) cardiac volume. B) stroke volume. C) input volume. D) preload volume. 9) The formula for cardiac output is stroke volume × ________. 9) A) blood volume B) heart rate C) blood pressure D) respiratory rate 10) The resistance against which the heart must pump is termed: 10) A) middleload. B) heartload. C) preload. D) afterload. 11) A concept known as Starling's law of the heart is a result of the ________ of the ventricular myocardial fibers. 11) A) decrease B) stretching C) shrinking D) stimulation 12) The amount of opposition to blood flow offered by the arterioles is known as: 12) A) blood pressure. B) preload. C) peripheral vascular resistance. D) cardiac output. 1 13) Blood pressure is affected by peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac: 13) A) preload. B) stimulation. C) output. D) input. 14) The autonomic nervous system is divided into ________ major divisions. 14) A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4 15) The system that is responsible for the preparation of the body for physical activity is the: 15) A) peripheral nervous system. B) parasympathetic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) central nervous system. 16) The system that is responsible for regulating the calmer functions of our existence is the: 16) A) parasympathetic nervous system. B) sympathetic nervous system. C) peripheral nervous system. D) All of the above E) None of the above 17) Norepinephrine is the chemical neurotransmitter for the: 17) A) cardiac nervous system. B) sympathetic nervous system. C) peripheral nervous system. D) parasympathetic nervous system. 18) The result of the release of norepinephrine is the: 18) A) decrease in heart rate and vasodilation. B) increase in heart rate and vasodilation. C) increase in heart rate and vasoconstriction. D) decrease in heart rate and vasoconstriction. 19) Acetylcholine is the chemical neurotransmitter for the ________ nervous system. 19) A) peripheral B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) None of the above 20) When acetylcholine is released, it causes the heart rate to: 20) A) slow and atrioventricular conduction rates to increase. B) increase and atrioventricular conduction rates to increase. C) slow and atrioventricular conduction rates to slow. D) increase and atrioventricular conduction rates to slow. 21) The ________ is directly affected by the exact volume of blood that returns to the right atrium. 21) A) preload B) middleload C) postload D) afterload 22) All of the following are signs of inadequate cardiac output EXCEPT: 22) A) shortness of breath. B) dizziness. C) hypertension. D) low blood pressure. 23) The effect of beta 1 stimulation causes: 23) A) vasodilation. B) decreased heart rate. C) decreased contractility. D) increased heart rate. 2 24) The effect of alpha stimulation causes: 24) A) decreased heart rate. B) increased bronchial dilation. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased blood pressure. 25) The effect of beta 2 stimulation causes bronchial: 25) A) spasms. B) secretions. C) constriction. D) dilation. 3 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED2 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) D 8) B 9) B 10) D 11) B 12) C 13) C 14) A 15) C 16) A 17) B 18) C 19) C 20) C 21) A 22) C 23) D 24) C 25) D 4 Chapter 2 Cardio vascular Physiology: Function MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries is termed the: 1) A) pulmonic semilunar valve. B) aortic semilunar valve. C) bicuspid semilunar valve. D) mitral semilunar valve. 2) The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: 2) A) mitral semilunar valve. B) tricuspid semilunar valve. C) bicuspid semilunar valve. D) pulmonary semilunar valve. 3) The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: 3) A) tricuspid valve. B) pulmonic valve. C) aortic valve. D) mitral valve. 4) The only vein that carries oxygenated blood is the: 4) A) pulmonary vein. B) lateral marginal vein. C) great cardiac vein. D) inferior vena cava. 5) The only artery that carries unoxygenated blood is the: 5) A) pulmonary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) brachial artery. D) aorta. 6) The term that is synonymous with ventricular relaxation is: 6) A) diastole. B) stroke volume. C) afterload. D) systole. 7) The term that is synonymous with ventricular contraction is: 7) A) preload. B) diastole. C) heart rate. D) systole. 8) The term that defines the volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat or contraction is: 8) A) cardiac volume. B) stroke volume. C) input volume. D) preload volume. 9) The formula for cardiac output is stroke volume × ________. 9) A) blood volume B) heart rate C) blood pressure D) respiratory rate 10) The resistance against which the heart must pump is termed: 10) A) middleload. B) heartload. C) preload. D) afterload. 11) A concept known as Starling's law of the heart is a result of the ________ of the ventricular myocardial fibers. 11) A) decrease B) stretching C) shrinking D) stimulation 12) The amount of opposition to blood flow offered by the arterioles is known as: 12) A) blood pressure. B) preload. C) peripheral vascular resistance. D) cardiac output. 1 13) Blood pressure is affected by peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac: 13) A) preload. B) stimulation. C) output. D) input. 14) The autonomic nervous system is divided into ________ major divisions. 14) A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4 15) The system that is responsible for the preparation of the body for physical activity is the: 15) A) peripheral nervous system. B) parasympathetic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) central nervous system. 16) The system that is responsible for regulating the calmer functions of our existence is the: 16) A) parasympathetic nervous system. B) sympathetic nervous system. C) peripheral nervous system. D) All of the above E) None of the above 17) Norepinephrine is the chemical neurotransmitter for the: 17) A) cardiac nervous system. B) sympathetic nervous system. C) peripheral nervous system. D) parasympathetic nervous system. 18) The result of the release of norepinephrine is the: 18) A) decrease in heart rate and vasodilation. B) increase in heart rate and vasodilation. C) increase in heart rate and vasoconstriction. D) decrease in heart rate and vasoconstriction. 19) Acetylcholine is the chemical neurotransmitter for the ________ nervous system. 19) A) peripheral B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) None of the above 20) When acetylcholine is released, it causes the heart rate to: 20) A) slow and atrioventricular conduction rates to increase. B) increase and atrioventricular conduction rates to increase. C) slow and atrioventricular conduction rates to slow. D) increase and atrioventricular conduction rates to slow. 21) The ________ is directly affected by the exact volume of blood that returns to the right atrium. 21) A) preload B) middleload C) postload D) afterload 22) All of the following are signs of inadequate cardiac output EXCEPT: 22) A) shortness of breath. B) dizziness. C) hypertension. D) low blood pressure. 23) The effect of beta 1 stimulation causes: 23) A) vasodilation. B) decreased heart rate. C) decreased contractility. D) increased heart rate. 2 24) The effect of alpha stimulation causes: 24) A) decreased heart rate. B) increased bronchial dilation. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased blood pressure. 25) The effect of beta 2 stimulation causes bronchial: 25) A) spasms. B) secretions. C) constriction. D) dilation. 3 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED2 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) D 8) B 9) B 10) D 11) B 12) C 13) C 14) A 15) C 16) A 17) B 18) C 19) C 20) C 21) A 22) C 23) D 24) C 25) D 4 Chapter 3 Basic Electrophysiology MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Cells responsible for generating the physical contraction of the heart muscle are the: 1) A) contractile cells. B) specialized pacemaker cells. C) Both are responsible. D) None are responsible. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 2) The specialized pacemaker cells contain contractile filaments. 2) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 3) Automaticity is the ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to: 3) A) cause cardiac muscle contraction. B) respond to an electrical stimulus. C) receive an electrical impulse. D) generate their own impulses without external stimulation. 4) The term threshold refers to the point at which a ________ will produce a cell response. 4) A) contraction B) receptor C) stimulus D) current 5) Which cardiac cell characteristic function is mechanical? 5) A) Conductivity B) Automaticity C) Excitability D) Contractility 6) An ion with a positive charge is called a(n): 6) A) neuron. B) anion. C) cation. D) syncytia. 7) An ion with a negative charge is called a(n): 7) A) anion. B) cation. C) syncytia. D) neuron. 8) A decrease in calcium blood levels is termed: 8) A) hypercalcemia. B) hyponatremia. C) hypocalcemia. D) hypokalemia. 9) An increase in potassium levels is known as: 9) A) hypernatremia. B) hypercalcemia. C) hyperkalemia. D) hypokalemia. 10) The cation that is extracellular is: 10) A) magnesium. B) potassium. C) sodium. D) calcium. 11) During the polarized or resting state, the inside of the cell is electrically: 11) A) neutral. B) negative. C) positive. D) positive and negative. 12) During the resting period, what type of line is recorded on the EKG strip? 12) A) Baseline B) Artifact C) Negative deflection D) Positive deflection 1