Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which word is derived from the Greek word meaning “cutting up”? A. dissection C. pathology B. physiology D. anatomy ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Introduction 2. Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts? A. dissection C. pathology B. physiology D. anatomy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Introduction 3. Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease? A. dissection C. pathology B. physiology D. anatomy ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Introduction 4. Cells A. are more complex than tissues B. are the first level of organization in the body C. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body D. both B and C ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 8 TOP: Structural levels of organization 5. A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n) A. molecule C. tissue B. organ D. organism ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Structural levels of organization 6. The heart is an example of a(n) A. organ C. organism B. tissue D. system ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 8 TOP: Structural levels of organization 7. The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are A. cell → chemical → organ → tissue → system B. tissue → cell → chemical → organ → system C. chemical → tissue → cell → organ → system D. chemical → cell → tissue → organ → system ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 8. When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in what position? A. supine C. lateral B. anatomical D. prone ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 9. The supine position A. describes the body lying face up B. is also called anatomical position C. describes the body lying face down D. both A and B ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 10. The prone position A. describes the body lying face up B. is also called the anatomical position C. describes the body lying face down D. both B and C ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 11. Because humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term A. inferior C. anterior B. posterior D. distal ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 12. The opposite term for posterior in humans is A. superior C. ventral B. anterior D. both B and C ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 13. The opposite term for superficial is A. deep C. posterior B. inferior D. medial ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction 14. The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a _____ section. A. frontal C. coronal B. sagittal D. transverse ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 15. The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section. A. frontal C. midsagittal B. sagittal D. transverse ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 16. A section that divides the body into mirror images is a _____ section. A. frontal C. midsagittal B. coronal D. transverse ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 17. The two major body cavities are called A. thoracic and abdominal C. dorsal and ventral B. thoracic and pelvic D. mediastinum and pleural ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 18. The liver can be found in the A. upper right quadrant C. hypogastric region B. epigastric region D. both A and B ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 19. The word “leg” correctly describes the A. area from the hip to the foot C. area between the hip and the knee B. area from the knee to the ankle D. femoral area ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 13 TOP: Body regions 20. The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example of A. homeostasis C. an effector B. a positive feedback loop D. a sensor ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 21. The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is called A. homeostasis C. the sensor B. the effector D. the control center ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 22. The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called A. homeostasis C. the sensor B. the effector D. the control center ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 23. The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition to the homeostatic condition the body is trying to maintain is called A. homeostasis C. the sensor B. the effector D. the control center ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 24. When your body temperature drops below normal, your muscles begin to contract rapidly, making you shiver and generating heat. In this case your muscles are acting as the A. sensor C. control center B. effector D. both A and C ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 25. Which of the following body functions is an example of a positive feedback loop? A. maintaining a pH of 7.45 in the body B. forming a blood clot C. uterine contractions during labor D. both B and C ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 26. The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level. A. system C. tissue B. cellular D. chemical ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 27. Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position? A. dorsal C. supine B. posterior D. both A and B ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 28. Which term means toward the head ? A. anterior C. superficial B. superior D. ventral ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 29. Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow? A. The elbow is proximal to the wrist. B. The elbow is distal to the wrist. C. The elbow is superficial to the wrist. D. The elbow is lateral to the wrist. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 30. A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane. A. sagittal C. transverse B. midsagittal D. frontal ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes of body sections 31. The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the A. right and left pleural cavities B. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities C. abdominal and pelvic cavities D. thoracic cavity and mediastinum ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 32. Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region? A. right hypochondriac region B. epigastric region C. hypogastric region D. All of the above are part of the upper abdominopelvic region. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities TRUE/FALSE 1. Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Introduction 2. The word “dissection” comes from Greek words meaning “cutting up.” ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Introduction 3. Anatomy deals with the study of structure, whereas physiology deals with the study of function. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 | Page 6 TOP: Introduction 4. Pathology is the scientific study of disease. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Introduction 5. A protein molecule is considered to be at the cellular level of organization. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 6. The cell is the simplest level of organization in the human body. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 7. Cells are considered to be the smallest living unit of structure and function in the body. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Structural levels of organization 8. A group of cells working together to perform a specific function is called an organ. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Structur al levels of organization 9. A group of several different tissues working together to perform a specific function is called an organ. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Structural levels of organization 10. The organ is the highest level of organization in the human body. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 11. Anatomical position is the reference position for the directional terms of the body. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 12. If you like to sleep on your stomach, you prefer sleeping in the supine position. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 13. Doctors recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs to help prevent breathing problems. This is the supine position. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 14. The anatomical position can be described as the body being erect with the arms held at shoulder level with the palms of the hands facing down. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical position 15. The ankle is inferior to the knee. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 16. Dorsal and anterior are interchangeable terms when referring to humans. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 17. The lungs are medial to the heart. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 18. The elbow is proximal to the wrist. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 19. The skin is superficial to the muscles. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction 20. Proximal and medial are opposite terms. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 21. The knee is distal to the ankle. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 22. The middle toe is medial to the big toe but lateral to the smallest toe. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 23. Frontal and coronal sections refer to the same thing. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 24. Sagittal and midsagittal sections refer to the same thing. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 25. A plane dividing a body into upper and lower portions is a transverse plane. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 26. A plane dividing the body into front and back portions is a sagittal plane. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 27. A midsagittal plane divides the right shoulder from the left shoulder. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 28. A transverse plane divides the eyes from the back of the head. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 29. A frontal section divides the eyes from the back of the head. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 30. The ventral cavity is one of the main cavities of the body. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 31. The mediastinum is a subdivision of the abdominal cavity. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 32. The pleural cavities are subdivisions of the thoracic cavity. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 33. The abdominal cavity is inferior to the thoracic cavity. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Body cavities 34. The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 35. The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 36. The right hypochondriac region is completely in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 37. The left hypochondriac region is completely in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 38. The right lumbar region is superior to the right iliac region. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 39. The dorsal cavity includes the spinal cavity. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 40. The brain is located in the dorsal cavity. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: Body cavities 41. Homeostasis is the relative consistency of the internal environment of the body. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 42. One method the body has of maintaining homeostasis is a positive feedback loop. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 43. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that compares the actual condition to the controlled condition is called the sensor. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 44. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that effects a change in the controlled condition is called the effector. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 45. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that detects a change in the controlled condition is called the sensor. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 46. A negative feedback loop stimulates and amplifies a change in the internal environment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 47. A negative feedback loop opposes or negates a change in the internal environment. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 48. The body has more positive feedback loops than negative feedback loops. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 49. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 50. The pH of the body must remain within a very narrow range. It would more likely be controlled by a negative feedback loop. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 51. Women have one more positive feedback loop than do men. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 10 TOP: The balance of body functions 52. Both the heart and the blood vessels are considered to be organs in the cardiovascular system. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Structural levels of organization 53. An “L” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Left” or “Lateral” depending on what is opposite it. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction 54. An “S” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Superior” or “Supine” depending on what is opposite it. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction 55. When you look at an anatomical compass rosette in the text, the “R” on the rosette is on your right side. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical direction MATCHING Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. A. chemical level D. organ level B. cellular level E. system level C. tissue level F. organism 1. the smallest “living” part of the body 2. a word used to denote a living thing 3. level that includes atoms and molecules 4. level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task 5. level that is the most complex unit that makes up the body 6. level that is made up of a group of cells working together to perform a task 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 5. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Structural levels of organization 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Structural levels of organization Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. A. superior F. inferior B. anterior G. posterior C. medial H. lateral D. proximal I. distal E. superficial J. deep 7. nearer to the surface of the body 8. toward the head or above 9. toward the midline of the body 10. away from the trunk or point of origin 11. toward the feet or below 12. toward the back 13. farther away from the surface of the body 14. toward the side 15. toward the front 16. nearest to the trunk or point of origin 7. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 10. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 11. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 12. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction 13. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 14. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 15. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction 16. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical direction Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. A. frontal plane E. thoracic cavity B. transverse plane F. abdominopelvic cavity C. sagittal plane G. cranial cavity D. diaphragm H. mediastinum 17. a muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities 18. the lower part of the ventral body cavity 19. divides the body into right and left sides 20. part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain 21. divides the body into upper and lower parts 22. a subdivision of the thoracic cavity 23. divides the body into front and rear parts 24. cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Body cavities 18. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 20. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Planes or body sections 22. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Body cavities 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Planes or body sections 24. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Body cavities SHORT ANSWER 1. Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Introduction 2. Name and explain the structural levels of organization of the body and give an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 9 TOP: Structural levels of organization 3. Describe the anatomical position. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical position 4. Define or explain the words “prone” and “supine.” ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Anatomical position 5. Name and describe the three planes or body sections. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Planes or body cavities 6. Name the two major body cavities and describe what is in each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Body cavities 7. Explain the three parts of a negative feedback loop. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 8. What is meant by a negative feedback loop? Give an example of a negative feedback loop in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Pages 9 - 10 TOP: The balance of body functions 9. What is meant by a positive feedback loop? Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: The balance of body functions 10. List the anatomical directions and explain each of them. If there are alternate terms for an anatomical direction, give those terms also. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Anatomical direction