Theories Of Personality, Australian Edition Class Notes

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CHAPTER ONEStudyingPersonality: Assessment, Research, and TheoryLEARNING OBJECTIVES1.Describe the development of the history of personality.2.Explain the definitions of psychology.3.Describe how ethnic and gender issues affect personality development.4.Describe the concepts of assessment and research in the study ofpersonality.5.Explain and give examples of various types of assessment instrumentsused in studying personality.6.Describe the theories ofpersonality and inquire about human nature byasking questions for further discussion throughout the pages of this text.OUTLINEI.The Study of PersonalityA.The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology1.Psychology emerged from ideas borrowed from philosophy andphysiology to become an independent and primarilyexperimental science.Inthe early 20thcentury, Wilhelm Wundtwas largely responsible for this development as he establishedthe first psychology laboratory. Concerned with studying humanbehavior, psychologists studied only those processes whichcould be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter.2.John B. Watson, an American psychologist,opposed Wundt’sfocus on conscious experience. Watson’s movement was calledbehaviorism. Behaviorism presents a mechanistic picture ofhuman beings as well-ordered machines that automaticallyrespond to external stimuli.3.Freud called his theory of personalitypsychoanalysis.Psychoanalysis wasbased on his clinical observations of hispatient’s feelings and past experiences,which he creativelyinterpreted.4.In the 1930s, Gordon Allport formalized and systematized thestudy of personality in American psychology.Since Allport’s

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