Understanding the Social World: Research Methods for the 21st Century 1st Edition Test Bank

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Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
1. Social scientists investigate individuals, societies, and _____.
a. philosophies
b. conceptualizations
*c. social processes
d. triangulation
Learning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitations
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Science and Social Science
Question Type: MC
2. Four common errors found in reasoning are selective or inaccurate observation,
overgeneralization, illogical reasoning, and _____.
*a. resistance to change
b. systematic investigation
c. deductive reasoning
d. constructivism
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reevaluating
Question Type: MC
3. The paradigm that emphasizes the importance of exploring and representing the ways in which
different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs is _____.
*a. constructivism
b. evaluation
c. positivism
d. triangulation
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: MC
4. Social research can be descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, or _____.
*a. evaluative
b. qualitative
c. quantitative
d. selective
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Social Research
Question Type: MC

Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
5. A study that includes questions asking for written responses is a _____.
a. interview
*b. survey
c. observation
d. exploratory
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Social Research
Question Type: MC
6. Constructivists believe reality is _____.
a. symbolic
b. qualitatively interactive
c. understood through observation
*d. socially constructed
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: MC
7. Research that seeks to determine the effects of programs, policies, or other efforts to affect
social patterns is called _____.
*a. evaluation research
b. differing perspectives
c. exploration research
d. interactive phenomena
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Social Research
Question Type: MC
8. _____ research seeks to find out how people get along in the setting under question, what
meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concern them?
*a. Exploratory
b. Explanatory
c. Observation
d. Deductive
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Social Research
Question Type: MC

Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
9. _____ research is research in which social phenomena are defined and described.
a. Deductive
b. Inductive
*c. Descriptive
d. Alternative
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Social Research
Question Type: MC
10. Illogical reasoning occurs when we prematurely jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of
_____.
a. major alternatives
b. constructivism
*c. invalid assumptions
d. selective observation
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reasoning
Question Type: MC
11. _____ occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all
cases.
a. Deductive reasoning
*b. Overgeneralization
c. Triangulation
d. Positivism
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Generalizing
Question Type: MC
12. An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality is called _____.
a. qualitative observation
b. quantitative observation
c. faulty observation
*d. inaccurate observation
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Observing
Question Type: MC
13. Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs is called
_____.

Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
a. intensive observation
*b. selective observation
c. selective reasoning
d. overgeneralization
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Observing
Question Type: MC
14. Observing, generalizing, reasoning, and ____ are four processes we may use when engaging
with the social world.
a. participation
b. constructivism
*c. reevaluating
d. evaluating
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Observing
Question Type: MC
15. We have utilized _____ when we make connections between different things that we have
observed.
*a. reasoning
b. reevaluating
c. overgeneralization
d. faulty observation
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Avoiding Errors in Reasoning About the Social World
Question Type: MC
16. ____ may help us draw understanding from what we have observed in other times or places.
*a. Generalizing
b. Observation
c. Reasoning
d. Reevaluating
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Generalizing
Question Type: MC
17. It is important to remember that conclusions we may draw from our own experiences are
often _____.
*a. limited
b. inaccurate

Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
c. overgeneralized
d. illogical
Learning Objective Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Generalizing
Question Type: MC
18. The reluctance to reevaluate our ideas in light of new information is _____.
a. participant observation
b. invalid reasoning
*c. resistance to change
d. quantitative reasoning
Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Reevaluating
Question Type: MC
19. When we jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of invalid assumptions, we are using
_____.
*a. illogical reasoning
b. inductive reasoning
c. selective observation
d. inaccurate observation
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reasoning
Question Type: MC
20. Excessive devotion

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Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative; basic or
applied
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: MC
22. _____ is more often the motive for using qualitative methods, although researchers also use
these methods for descriptive, explanatory, and evaluative purposes
a. Exploitation
b. Constructivism
c. Survey research
*d. Exploration
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: MC
23. _____ is a methodology based on questioning belief in an external reality.
a. Triangulation
b. Determinism
*c. Constructivism
d. Positivism
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives

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Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitations
Answer Location: Science and Social Science
Question Type: MC
26. If a study utilizes numerical data, it likely involves ____ methods.
*a. quantitative
b. inductive
c. qualitative
d. deductive
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: MC
27. _____ relies on scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and

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Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
Answer Location: Motives for Social Research
Question Type: MC
30. Methods such as participant observation, interviewing, and focus groups are examples of
_____.
*a. qualitative research
b. quantitative research
c. exploratory research
d. inductive research
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Qualitative and/or Quantitative Methods
Question Type: MC
31. Social research may be guided

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Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt
Chapter 1: Science, Society, and Social Research
Test Bank
Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of
alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative Methods
Question Type: TF
35. Triangulation suggests that a researcher can gain a clear picture of the reality being studied
by viewing it from one perspective.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quantitative and/or

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