WattsSEDU7006-8-7 Northcentral University Assignment Cover Sheet

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WattsSEDU7006-8-70WattsSEDU7006-8-7NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITYASSIGNMENT COVER SHEETFor your research project, you are required to design a study that investigates how the presenceof a webcam during an online live virtual classroom (LVC) sessionimpacts learner satisfaction.In your response, address the following points:1.Define and discuss the concepts ofinternalandexternal validityin the context of yourstudy, explaining how they relate to your research question and design.2.Describe the statistical power analysis you conducted for your sample size, including theeffects of sample size, significance level, and power on the results. How do these factors affectthe reliability of your findings?3.In your experimental design, consider two scenarios: one with a single independentvariable (webcam usage) and one with two independent variables (webcam usage and technologytype). Describe how the factorial design will allow you to investigate both main and interactioneffects.4.Explain the use ofrandom selectionandrandom assignmentin your study. Why arethese strategies important, and how do they contribute to the internal and external validity ofyour research?5.Discuss the strengths and limitations of your study, specifically focusing on theimplications for generalizability and the potential for making causal claims.Word Count Requirement:1200-1500 words

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Learner:Stephen W WattsTHIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED INAcademic Integrity:All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. Thisincludes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor.The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s withoutproperly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in anunsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academicdismissal.EDU7006-8Dr. Theresa ThonhauserQuantitative Research Design7 Samples, Power Analysis, and DesignSensitivityAssignment:Part 1 (a)Compare and contrast internal and external validity. Describe andgive examples of research questions for which external validity is a primaryconcern. Describeand give examples of research questions in which internal validity is a primary concern. Discussstrategies researchers use in order to make strong claims about the applicability of their findingsto a target population. (b) Compare and contrast random selection and random assignment. Besure to include a discussion of when you would want to do one or the other and the possibleconsequences of failing to do random selection or random assignment in particular situations. (c)Explain the relationship between sample size and the likelihood of a statistically significantdifference between measured values of two groups. In other words, explain why, all else beingequal, as sample size increases the likelihood of finding a statistically significant relationshipincreases. (d) Compare and contrast probability and non-probability sampling. What are theadvantages and disadvantages of each?)Part II (a)In a few sentences, describe two designs that can address your researchquestion. The designs must involve two different statistical analyses. For each design, specifyand justify each of the four factors and calculate the estimated sample size you’ll need. Givereasons for any parameters you need to specify for G*Power.Include peer-reviewed journalarticles as needed to support your responses to Part I.Length: 5-7 pages (app. 350 words perpage)Faculty Use OnlySteve:Thank you for your work on this paper! Your responses to the essay questions and power analysisare thorough, thoughtful, and well supported. Based on what I currently know about your research, youare right on track with your power analysis, and the statistical tests you are selecting seem appropriate foryourproposed research.While you will work with your dissertation chair and committee on your research questions andhypotheses, I’ve given you some feedback on them in this paper. I think you have a really interestingstudy topic, but I recommend clarifying and streamlining the languageand variablesin the research

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question and hypotheses.Please see my comments throughout your documentfor detailsand let me knowif you have any questions. Thanks!Theresa ThonhauserContent Score:97%Writing Score:93%August 27, 2012

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Running head:WattsSEDU7006-8-73Samples, Power Analysis, and Design SensitivityStephen W. WattsNorthcentral University

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WattsSEDU7006-8-74Samples, Power Analysis, and DesignSensitivityPart I1.Validityfocuses onthe truth or accuracy of findings (Cosby & Bates, 2012), arefoundationalprinciples used to determine the quality of research (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008),and are operative when working with questions dealing with cause-and-effect (Cosby & Bates,2012).Internal validity is synonymous with control(Salkind, 2009, p. 231). If a study has noconfounds, the resultsofthe outcome variable are exclusively attributable to the manipulation ofthe independent variable (Jackson, 2012; Yu & Ohlund, 2010), andif?the structural integrity ofthe research design allows no other plausible explanations for the results (Oncu & Kakir, 2011),the study is said to have good internal validity.External validity, on the other hand, “issynonymous with generalizability” (Salkind, 2009, p. 231), and consists in the degree that thefindings of a study can be generalized (Jackson, 2012) to other populations, places (Crosby &Bates, 2012;Oncu & Kakir, 2011;Trochim & Donnelly, 2008),treatment variables, andmeasurement instruments(Dimitrov & Rumrill, 2003, p. 159).A study does not either have or not have internal or external validity; these constructs arenot binary. Further, as the internal validity of a study increases, making it more determinant, theexternal validity tends to decrease making it less extendable. Conversely, the higher thegeneralizability the less likely a study will engender a causal relationship.Research questions for which external validity would be the primary concern are thosefocused on being able to generalize the findings of the study to a larger population. For example,Ferguson and DeFelice (2010) conducted a study in which graduate students participating in aspecific class that was offered in two formats based on length of course were surveyed todetermine if there were differences in the students’ satisfaction with the communication in the
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