Physics /A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 1
What is linear motion in the body?
Motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts moving the same distance at the same speed in the same direction
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is linear motion in the body?
Motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts moving the same distance at the same speed in the same direction
What is Newton’s first law?
The law of inertia
What is inertia?
The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion.
What happens to inertia when the mass is large?
The bigger the mass, the larger the inertia of the body or object
What would be needed to change the inertia of an object or body that has a large mass?
More force will be needed to change its state of motion
What actions can occur when force changes the state of motion?
Starting; Stopping; Accelerating; Decelerating; Change direction
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is linear motion in the body? | Motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts moving the same distance at the same speed in the same direction |
What is Newton’s first law? | The law of inertia |
What is inertia? | The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion. |
What happens to inertia when the mass is large? | The bigger the mass, the larger the inertia of the body or object |
What would be needed to change the inertia of an object or body that has a large mass? | More force will be needed to change its state of motion |
What actions can occur when force changes the state of motion? | Starting; Stopping; Accelerating; Decelerating; Change direction |
What does Newton’s first law state? | ‘Every body continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by external forces exerted upon it’ |
What is Newton’s second law? | The law of acceleration |
What does Newton’s second law (the law of acceleration) mean? | It means that the magnitude and direction applied to a body/object determine the magnitude and direction of the acceleration given to the body/object |
What is the rate of acceleration directionally proportional to? | It is directly proportional to the force causing the change |
What formula is used calculate the size of the force? | Force = mass x acceleration |
What is mass measured in? | Kilogram (kg) |
What is acceleration measured in? | Metres per second (m/s) |
What does Newton’s second law state? | ‘The rate of momentum of a body (or the acceleration for a body of constant mass) is proportional to the force causing it and the change that takes place in the direction in which the force acts’ |
How can acceleration be provided at the start of a sprint race? | An athlete will have to apply a large force internally with their gluteals, quadriceps and gastrocnemius as they drive forward |
What is Newton’s third law? | The law of action/reaction |
What does Newton’s third law state? | ‘To every action [force], there is an equal and opposite reaction [force]’ |
What are the characteristics of action and reaction? | They are equal and opposite. They always occur in pairs |
How is Newton’s third law demonstrated at a sprint start? | The athlete pushes back on the blocks as hard as possible (action) and the block pushes forward on the athlete (reaction). This provides forward acceleration on the athlete |
What is ground reaction force (GRF)? | Force exerted on the ground by the body in contact with it |
What happens when an individual is standing still on the ground? | The ground exerts a contact force (weight of the individual) and at the same time, an equal and opposite reaction force is exerted by the ground on the individual. |
What is a scalar quantity? | When measurements are described in terms of their size or magnitude |
What are examples of scalar quantities? | Speed, distance, mass and temperature |
What is speed defined as? | As the rate of change of position |
How do you calculate speed? | S=d/t |
What is distance defined as? | Length of the path a body follows when moving from one position to another |
What is the centre of mass? | The point of concentration of mass; The point of balance of a body |
Where is the centre of mass for someone standing? | Between hip regions |
What factors affect stability? | . The height of the centre of mass . Position of the line of gravity . Area of the support base . Mass of the performer |
What happens when you lower the centre of mass? | It will increase stability |
Where should the position of the line of gravity be to increase stability? | Should be central over the base of support to increase it |
How do you increase stability with the area of the support base? | The more contact points there are the larger the base of support becomes and therefore the more stable they become. Ex - more contact points on a headstand than a handstand |
How do you increase stability through mass of the performer? | The greater the mass, the more stability there is because of increased inertia |
What are the three main components of levers? | Fulcrum, resistance, and effort |
What is the fulcrum? | A pivot |