Physics /A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 3
In a velocity time graph, the line remains the same the entire way through. What is happening?
The gradient remains constant which indicates the performer is travelling a constant velocity
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
In a velocity time graph, the line remains the same the entire way through. What is happening?
The gradient remains constant which indicates the performer is travelling a constant velocity
In a velocity time graph, the line goes straight up at an angle what is happening?
The gradient gets steeper (increases) which indicates that the performer is moving with increasing velocity (accelerating)
In a velocity time graph, the line goes straight down at an angle. What is happening?
The gradient is decreasing indicating the performer has a decreasing velocity (deceleration)
In a velocity time graph, the line curves up and down below the x axis. What is happening?
As the curve goes below the x axis, this means there has been a change in direction
What is acceleration?
‘The rate of change of velocity’. It is measured in m/s*-2
What happens when velocity increases?
Positive acceleration occurs
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
In a velocity time graph, the line remains the same the entire way through. What is happening? | The gradient remains constant which indicates the performer is travelling a constant velocity |
In a velocity time graph, the line goes straight up at an angle what is happening? | The gradient gets steeper (increases) which indicates that the performer is moving with increasing velocity (accelerating) |
In a velocity time graph, the line goes straight down at an angle. What is happening? | The gradient is decreasing indicating the performer has a decreasing velocity (deceleration) |
In a velocity time graph, the line curves up and down below the x axis. What is happening? | As the curve goes below the x axis, this means there has been a change in direction |
What is acceleration? | ‘The rate of change of velocity’. It is measured in m/s*-2 |
What happens when velocity increases? | Positive acceleration occurs |
What happens when velocity decreases? | Negative acceleration occurs |
How do you calculate acceleration? | Acceleration (m/s/s) = change in velocity / time |
What is momentum? | ‘The product of mass and velocity of an object’. Momentum is a vector quantity |
How do you calculate momentum? | Momentum (kgm/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) |
What happens to momentum if mass or velocity increases? | Momentum also increases |
How can momentum be conserved? | Occurs when a performer or object is in flight. When in flight neither mass or velocity can be altered |
What is a vector quantity? | A quantity with a magnitude and direction |
What are examples of vector quantitates? | . Displacement . Velocity . Momentum |
What forces act on a performer during linear motion? | Internal and external; Vertical and horizontal |
What is internal force? | Force generated by the skeletal muscle |
What is external force? | Force that comes from outside the body |
Examples of vertical force? | Gravity/weight and reaction |
Examples of horizontal force? | Friction and air resistance |
What is weight force? | Is the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on a body, pulling it down |
What happens to weight when mass is greater? | The greater the weight force pulling down |
What is reaction force? | Whatever the force acting on a performer during linear motion, a reaction force will be generated (Newton's 3rd Law) |
What is ground reaction force? | When an action force is applied to the ground and the ground applies an equal and opposite reaction force (Newton's 3rd Law) |
Examples of Horizontal forces? | Friction and air resistance |
What is friction? | It is the opposite motion and occurs when two bodies are in contact |
What are the two types of friction? | Static and sliding friction |
What is static friction? | Force exerted when there is no motion between two surfaces |
What is sliding friction? | When 2 bodies in contact have a tendency to slip/slide over |
What is friction affected by? | 1. Roughness of the surface 2. Mass of an object 3. Temperature of the 2 surfaces |
What is air resistance? | A force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through the air |
What is air resistance dependent on? | 1. Velocity of the moving body 2. Frontal cross sectional area of the moving body 3. The shape and surface characteristic of the moving body |
How are free body diagrams shown? | Shown using arrows |
How is weight shown on a free body diagram? | A force drawn down from the centre of mass |
How is reaction shown on a free body diagram? | a force that starts from where 2 bodies are in contact. This can be foot with the ground |
How is friction shown on a free body diagram? | A force that starts from where the 2 bodies are in contact and is opposite to the direction of any potential slipping. It is drawn in the same direction as motion |